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Autonomous Systems (autonomous + system)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering60%
Life Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

The tritocerebrum and the clypeolabrum in mandibulate arthropods: segmental interpretations

ACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 3 2010
Jacques Bitsch
Abstract Bitsch, J. and Bitsch, C. 2010. The tritocerebrum and the clypeolabrum in mandibulate arthropods: segmental interpretations. ,Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 249,266 Different interpretations of the segmental composition of the head in mandibulate arthropods are critically reviewed, with particular focus on three closely associated structures: the tritocerebrum, the stomatogastric nervous system and the clypeolabrum. The main conclusions arising from the different discussions are the following. (1) Each tritocerebral ganglion has a dual composition, clearly discernable in some crustacean and hexapod species, including a dorsal portion connected with the second antennae and a ventral portion connected with the stomatogastric nervous system via the frontal ganglion. (2) The suboesophageal commissure linking the tritocerebral lobes of the two sides, can be wholly ascribed to the tritocerebral segment. (3) The stomatogastric nervous system is a morphologically autonomous system that is not fundamentally affected by head metamerization. (4) The clypeolabrum, the epistome,labrum and the hypostome are regarded as homologous formations. The clypeolabrum represents a fundamental structure of the head probably present in the arthropod ground plan. Its close spatial and developmental association with the stomodeum and its derivative, the stomatogastric nervous system, suggests that it is an anterior outgrowth of the forehead arising from a preoral territory (presegmental acron or protocerebral,ocular region?) and secondarily connected with the tritocerebrum, rather than derived from a pair of reduced appendages. [source]

Automated concentration and recovery of micro-organisms from drinking water using dead-end ultrafiltration

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
E.A. Kearns
Abstract Aims:, Concentration of pathogens diluted in large volumes of water is necessary for their detection. An automated concentration system placed online in drinking water distribution systems would facilitate detection and mitigate the risk to public health. Methods and Results:, A prototype concentrator based on dead-end hollow fibre ultrafiltration was used to concentrate Bacillus atrophaeus spores directly from tap water. Backflush was used to recover accumulated particulates for analysis. In field tests conducted on a water utility distribution system, 3·2 × 104,1·4 × 106 CFU ml,1 (6·1 × 106,3·0 × 108 CFU) were recovered from the filter when 2·9 × 107,1·0 × 109 CFU were spiked into the system. Per cent recovery ranged from 21% to 68% for flow volumes of 15,21 l. Tests using spore influent levels <10 CFU l,1 (spike < 1000 CFU) yielded 23,40% recovery for volumes >100 l. Conclusions:,B. atrophaeus spores at levels <10 CFU l,1 were concentrated directly from tap water using an automated dead-end hollow-fibre ultrafiltration system. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The prototype concentrator represents a critical step towards an autonomous system that could be installed in drinking water distribution lines or other critical water lines to facilitate monitoring. Recovered samples can be analysed using standard or rapid biosensor methods. [source]

Methods for estimating stability regions with applications to power systems

EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 2 2007
H. Xin
Abstract A specialized method for constructing a hyper-ellipse that resides inside the stability regions of a class of nonlinear autonomous systems such as electric power systems is provided. This method is further generalized to estimate the stability region of a fairly general class of high dimension nonlinear autonomous systems. Applications of the introduced results to power system transient stability analysis are described, together with numerical examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A global observer for autonomous systems with bounded trajectories

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL, Issue 12 2007
Hao Lei
The problem of global observer design for autonomous systems is investigated in this paper. A constructive approach is presented for the explicit design of global observers for completely observable systems whose solution trajectories are bounded from any initial condition. Since the bound of a solution trajectory depends on the initial condition and is therefore not known a priori, the idea of universal control is employed to tune the observer gains on-line, achieving global asymptotic convergence of the proposed high-gain observer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]