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Rural Bangladesh (rural + bangladesh)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	41%
Medical Sciences	29%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	23%

Selected Abstracts

THE DETERMINANTS OF GRADE ATTAINMENT IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL BANGLADESH

THE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 4 2004
Hayfa GRIRA
This paper presents an econometric analysis of the effects of child health on school enrollment and grade attainment in Bungladesh. It improves on past studies in a number of ways mainly by incorporating into its analysis the endogenous nature of child health. The results challenge the conclusions found in the literature. First, it finds that in Bangladesh, a child's health and his/her probability of being enrolled in school are at best weakly related. Second, it shows that once enrolled, nutritional deficiencies retard substantially school progress: Underweight children tend to be in lower grades than well-fed children of the same age. It is estimated that a one standard deviation improvement in weight-for-age would be expected to reduce the grades behind by about 0.25 years or about 13.5 percent of the actual years completed. Finally, the estimates suggest that the weight-for-age indicator appears as the best predictor of nutritional status. [source]

Trust and Religion: Experimental Evidence from Rural Bangladesh

ECONOMICA, Issue 303 2009
OLOF JOHANSSON-STENMAN
Trust is measured using both survey questions and a trust experiment among a random sample of Muslim and Hindu household heads in rural Bangladesh. We found no significant effect of the social distance between Hindus and Muslims in the trust experiment in terms of the proportions sent or returned. However, the survey responses do indicate significant differences. Both Hindus and Muslims were found to trust others from their own religion more than they trust people from other religions. Moreover, Hindus, the minority, trust other people less in general, and Hindus trust Muslims more than Muslims trust Hindus. [source]

Citizen Participation in the Health Sector in Rural Bangladesh: Perceptions and Reality

IDS BULLETIN, Issue 2 2004
Simeen Mahmud
First page of article [source]

Childbearing and Women's Survival: New Evidence from Rural Bangladesh

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 3 2003
Jane Menken
Effects of childbearing on women's mortality and the implications of family planning programs in reducing these effects are examined in a 20-year prospective study of more than 2,000 women in Matlab, Bangladesh. Maternal mortality is defined as a death occurring in the six weeks after childbirth. But childbearing may affect women's survival beyond this brief period. Additional hypotheses considered relate to 1) cumulative exposure to childbearing, whether measured by parity or pace of childbearing, 2) age at first birth, and 3) effects beyond the reproductive ages. The results offer no support to cumulative exposure hypotheses, showing no link between parity or pace of childbearing and mortality risk. Instead, we identify an extended period of heightened mortality risk associated with each birth,the year of the birth and the two subsequent years. Family planning programs, by reducing the number of children and therefore a woman's exposure to extended maternal mortality risk, potentially increase survival. Research is needed to identify and address the specific causes of extended maternal mortality risk so that appropriate ameliorative programs may be developed. [source]

Trust and Religion: Experimental Evidence from Rural Bangladesh

Credit programs for the poor and the health status of children in rural bangladesh*

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2003
Mark M. Pitt
The impact of participation in group-based credit programs, by gender of participant, on the health status of children by gender in rural Bangladesh is investigated. These credit programs are well suited to studies of how gender-specific resources alter intra-household allocations because they induce differential participation by gender. Women's credit is found to have a large and statistically significant impact on two of three measures of the healthiness of both boy and girl children. Credit provided to men has no statistically significant impact and the null hypothesis of equal credit effects by gender of participant is rejected. [source]

The demand for child curative care in two rural thanas of Bangladesh: effect of income and women's employment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2001
Ann Levin
Abstract This paper seeks to investigate the determinants of child health care seeking behaviours in rural Bangladesh. In particular, the effects of income, women's access to income, and the prices of obtaining child health care are examined. Data on the use of child curative care were collected in two rural areas of Bangladesh,Abhoynagar Thana of Jessore District and Mirsarai Thana of Chittagong District,in March 1997. In estimating the use of child curative care, the nested multinomial logit specification was used. The results of the analysis indicate that a woman's involvement in a credit union or income generation affected the likelihood that curative child care was used. Household wealth decreased the likelihood that the child had an illness episode and affected the likelihood that curative child care was sought. Among facility characteristics, travel time was statistically significant and was negatively associated with the use of a provider. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Departures from Everyday Resistance and Flexible Strategies of Domination: The Making and Unmaking of a Poor Peasant Mobilization in Bangladesh

JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 2 2007
SHAPAN ADNAN
James Scott's influential work has popularized the notion that everyday resistance among the peasantry takes covert and backstage forms, termed ,weapons of the weak'. This paper, however, provides a case study involving transformation of covert resistance and outward compliance of the poor into open dissent and confrontation with power-holders, though falling well short of the limiting conditions of rebellion or revolution. Such instances serve to dispel the notion that poor and weak groups adopt only covert forms of resistance in their everyday existence. The paper takes up the questions of why, and under what circumstances, such transformation of covert resistance into overt forms can come about. These issues are explored using evidence from a poor peasant mobilization in rural Bangladesh during the parliamentary election of 1986. The analysis shows that there were sequential shifts in the respective strategies of domination and resistance of the rich and the poor, which shaped each other interactively over a dynamic trajectory. Such adaptive and variable responses require an approach that can accommodate flexibility and substitution in the strategies adopted by the weak and the powerful. These also call for further exploration and analysis of the middle ground between everyday and exceptional forms of resistance. [source]

Assessing poverty, risk and vulnerability: a study on flooded households in rural Bangladesh

JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010
M.I. Rayhan
Abstract Flood is a common catastrophe in Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the poverty, risk and vulnerability for flood hazards. A cross-sectional household survey was carried out after 2 weeks of the flood in four districts in the year 2005. In total, 600 rural households were interviewed through a three-stage stratified random sampling. A utilitarian approach was used to assess flood vulnerability and its components. A set of households' characteristics and shock (flood) variables were used as explanatory variables. The results showed that poverty and idiosyncratic flood risks are positively correlated and highly significant. Households with higher educated members, headed by a male and owners of a dwelling place have been found to be less vulnerable to idiosyncratic flood risk. Possession of arable land and a small family size can reduce poverty and the aggregate flood risk. [source]

Health Interventions and Health Equity: The Example of Measles Vaccination in Bangladesh

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2001
Michael A. Koenig
Although the existence of socioeconomic differentials in infant and childhood mortality in developing countries is well established. little consensus exists as to the most effective approaches to reducing such differentials. This article utilizes longitudinal data from the Matlab study area in rural Bangladesh to investigate the impact of an efficacious child survival intervention,measles vaccination,on reductions in gender and socioeconomic differentials in childhood mortality. The article analyzes data from 16,270 vaccinated children and randomly matched controls, and evaluates their subsequent mortality risks. Proportional hazards analysis demonstrates that unvaccinated children from very poor families face more than a threefold higher risk of subsequent early child mortality, compared to vaccinated children from families of high economic status. While measles vaccination has little impact on mortality risks among children of higher economic status, the improvement in survival among children from poorer households is pronounced. The provision of measles vaccination markedly reduces mortality risks for poorer children,from over three times higher to just over 1.5 times higher relative to vaccinated children from wealthier families. The findings of this study are evaluated in terms of the potential of child survival interventions such as measles vaccination to promote greater health equity. [source]

Vitamin D status and acute lower respiratory infection in early childhood in Sylhet, Bangladesh

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2010
DE Roth
Abstract Aim: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) is the most important global cause of childhood death. Micronutrient deficiencies may increase the risk of ALRI. A case,control study was conducted to assess the association between vitamin D status and ALRI in rural Bangladesh. Methods: Children aged 1,18 months hospitalized with ALRI (cases) were individually matched to controls on age, sex, and village (N = 25 pairs). The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] in cases and controls was compared using paired t -test. The unadjusted and adjusted odds of ALRI were assessed by multivariate conditional logistic regression. Results: Mean [25(OH)D] was significantly lower among ALRI cases than controls (29.1 nmol/L vs. 39.1 nmol/L; p = 0.015). The unadjusted odds of ALRI was halved for each 10 nmol/L increase in [25(OH)D] (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30,0.96). Adjustment for confounders increased the magnitude of the association. Conclusion: Vitamin D status was associated with early childhood ALRI in a matched case,control study in rural Bangladesh. Randomized trials may establish whether interventions to improve vitamin D status can reduce the burden of ALRI in early childhood. [source]

Early-life nutritional and environmental determinants of thymic size in infants born in rural Bangladesh

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2009
SE Moore
Abstract Aim:, The aim was to assess the impact of nutritional status and environmental exposures on infant thymic development in the rural Matlab region of Bangladesh. Methods:, In a cohort of Nmax 2094 infants born during a randomized study of combined interventions to improve maternal and infant health, thymic volume (thymic index, TI) was assessed by ultrasonography at birth and at 8, 24 and 52 weeks of age. Data on birth weight, infant anthropometry and feeding status were also collected. Results:, At all ages, TI was positively associated with infant weight and strongly associated with the month of measurement. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding resulted in a larger TI at 52 weeks. TI at birth and at 8 weeks correlated positively with birth weight, but by 24 and 52 weeks and when adjusted for infant weight this effect was no longer present. Thymic size was not affected by pre-natal maternal supplementation or by socioeconomic status but was correlated to arsenic exposure during pregnancy. Conclusion:, In this population of rural Bangladeshi infants, thymic development is influenced by both nutritional and environmental exposures early in life. The long-term functional implications of these findings warrant further investigation. [source]

Household food security is associated with early childhood language development: results from a longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh

CHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2010
K. K. Saha
Abstract Background Although household food security (HHFS) has been linked to academic performance in school children, its association with early childhood development has received less attention, particularly in low-income countries. We investigated the association of HHFS with subsequent language development of children at 18 months of age in rural Bangladesh. Methods We followed 1439 infants born in 2002,2003 to the mothers in Maternal and Infant Nutrition Intervention in Matlab study, a large intervention trial conducted in rural Bangladesh. A HHFS scale was created from data collected from mothers during pregnancy. At 18 months, children's language (expression and comprehension) development was assessed using a Bengali adaptation of MacArthur's Communicative Development Inventory which was based on mothers' report of their children's ability to comprehend and express words in different categories. General linear regression models were used to examine the association between HHFS and language development at 18 months of age adjusting for potential confounders. Results Household food security was associated with language comprehension (B = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.30, P < 0.001) and expression (B = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.02, P < 0.01) at 18 months of age. Mean language comprehension and expression at 18 months of the children in higher quartiles of HHFS were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the children in lower quartiles. Conclusions Household food security is positively associated with subsequent language development of rural Bangladeshi children. Early language development has been reported to predict later child development. Therefore, strategies to ensure HHFS status in Bangladesh and similar settings should be considered for optimum child development. [source]

Diarrheal illness in a cohort of children 0,2 years of age in rural Bangladesh: I. Incidence and risk factors

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2006
Preeti Pathela
Abstract Aim: To describe clinical characteristics and age- and season-specific incidences of diarrheal episodes, and to evaluate risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrheal disease. Methods: A total of 252 infants from rural Bangladesh were followed through household surveillance for 2 y from birth during the years 1993,1996. Demographic and household determinants were linked to the probability of illness using logistic regression models. Results: The overall incidence of diarrhea was 4.25 episodes per child per year. Peak rates of overall, acute, and persistent diarrhea occurred in the 6,11-mo and 12,17-mo age groups. Diarrheal rates peaked during the spring and summer. Among host-related characteristics, having a sibling in the household and having had prior diarrhea were significant risk factors for diarrhea. Among environmental characteristics, spring season remained a highly statistically significant risk factor for diarrhea. Conclusion: Diarrheal disease continues to be a substantial burden in young children in rural Bangladesh. Most diarrheal episodes are of short duration, and should primarily be treated with oral rehydration therapy to prevent diarrhea-related mortality. Improved knowledge of oral rehydration therapy, feeding during episodes to prevent further malnutrition, prolonged breastfeeding, and the keeping of livestock in corralled areas of the home are advocated. [source]