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Kinds of Rome Terms modified by Rome Selected AbstractsFLOODS OF THE TIBER IN ANCIENT ROME, by Gregory S. Aldrete.METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 1 20092007. [source] VISUALITY AND EROTICISM IN ANCIENT ROME by Jas Elsner, Caroline VoutART HISTORY, Issue 2 2009Peter Stewart First page of article [source] If Rome Is Burning, Why Are We Fiddling?CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Brian Czech No abstract is available for this article. [source] Paris is not Rome, or Madrid: locating the city of modernityCRITICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002Deborah L. Parsons [source] Not all roads lead to Rome,a review of quality of life measurement in adults with diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009J. Speight Abstract Aims Quality of life (QoL) is recognized widely as an important health outcome in diabetes, where the burden of self-management places great demands on the individual. However, the concept of QoL remains ambiguous and poorly defined. The aim of our review is to clarify the measurement of QoL in terms of conceptualization, terminology and psychometric properties, to review the instruments that have been used most frequently to assess QoL in diabetes research and make recommendations for how to select measures appropriately. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the ten measures most frequently used to assess QoL in diabetes research (including clinical trials) from 1995 to March 2008. Results Six thousand and eight-five abstracts were identified and screened for instrument names. Of the ten instruments most frequently used to assess ,QoL', only three actually do so [i.e. the generic World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) and the diabetes-specific Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) and Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL)]. Seven instruments more accurately measure health status [Short-Form 36 (SF-36), EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D)], treatment satisfaction [Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ)] and psychological well-being [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Well-Being Questionnaire (W-BQ), Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID)]. Conclusions No single measure can suit every purpose or application but, when measures are selected inappropriately and data misinterpreted, any conclusions drawn are fundamentally flawed. If we value QoL as a therapeutic goal, we must ensure that the instruments we use are both valid and reliable. QoL assessment has the proven potential to identify ways in which treatments can be tailored to reduce the burden of diabetes. With careful consideration, appropriate measures can be selected and truly robust assessments undertaken successfully. [source] Searching for schizophrenia in ancient Greek and Roman literature: a systematic reviewACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2003K. Evans Objective:, The aim of this study was to systematically examine ancient Roman and Greek texts to identify descriptions of schizophrenia and related disorders. Method:, Material from Greek and Roman literature dating from the 5th Century BC to the beginning of the 2nd Century AD was systematically reviewed for symptoms of mental illness. DSM IV criteria were applied in order to identify material related to schizophrenia and related disorders. Results:, The general public had an awareness of psychotic disorders, because the symptoms were described in works of fiction and in historical accounts of malingering. There were isolated instances of text related to psychotic symptoms in the residents of ancient Rome and Greece, but no written material describing a condition that would meet modern diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Conclusion:, In contrast to many other psychiatric disorders that are represented in ancient Greek and Roman literature, there were no descriptions of individuals with schizophrenia in the material assessed in this review. [source] The significance of the Sirmian and apostolic tradition in shaping Moravian episcopal organizationEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2009David Kalhous Based on an analysis of papal documents as well as the Vita Methodii, this work examines shifts in Methodius's status. The text analyses the significance of his titulature by a comparison with other eighth- and ninth-century missionaries, and examines the way his new diocese was legitimized through legal and historical fictions dealing with the restoration of a long-lost see and its apostolic origins. Finally, the article draws a comparison between the situation in Moravia and the importance of apostolic tradition in Rome, Constantinople, Metz, Compostela and Venice. [source] Diaconiae, xenodochia, hospitalia and monasteries: ,social security' and the meaning of monasticism in early medieval RomeEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 4 2008Hendrik W. Dey The first section of this article examines the various types of charitable institutions operative in Rome between the seventh and the ninth centuries, in the light of what available textual and comparative evidence reveals about their respective functions. It is then suggested that these centres of assistance were staffed by resident monastic communities, an arrangement which accounts well for their many apparent similarities; which may help to explain the disappearance of the most commonly attested types (xenodochia and diaconiae) over the course of the ninth century; and which opens a window onto an alternative conception of monastic practice hitherto under-represented in the scholarly tradition. [source] Material memory: rebuilding the basilica of S. Cecilia in Trastevere, RomeEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 1 2007Caroline J. Goodson Examining Pope Paschal I's early ninth-century architectural project of S. Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome, brings to light the diversity of functions of tituli in early medieval Rome. Not only was the church a papal basilica and site of the stational liturgy of Rome, but it was also a shrine to the saint Cecilia, a popular Roman martyr. The architectural arrangement makes clear that the papal project incorporated both the papal cult and the popular cult of the saint by manipulating the archaeology of the site and translating corporeal relics to the urban church. [source] Scinditur in partes populus: Pope Damasus and the Martyrs of RomeEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2000Marianne Sághy Pope Damasus (366,384) was the impresario of the late antique cult of the martyrs at Rome. Damasus celebrated the martyrs with epigrams written in Virgilian hexameters which he had engraved in exquisite lettering on their tombs. This article investigates the specifically Roman context of these activities as a means of shedding new light on Damasus' purposes. The enhancement of the cult of the Roman martyrs was more than a stage in the process of christianisation, creating Christian but still distinctively Roman holy patrons for the urbs. It was also directed against rival Christian traditions, including Nicene splinter groups such as the Ursinians and Luciferians who contested Damasus' election. The epi grams allowed Damasus to inscribe very specific and carefully shaped meanings on strategic and often contested sites within the Christian topography of Rome. By placing the Damasan epigrams in the context of a bloody ecclesiastical factionalism in Rome, this paper argues that these very public celebrations of the martyrs were used to promote concord and consensus within the Catholic community in Rome. [source] The temptations of cult: Roman martyr piety in the age of Gregory the GreatEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2000Conrad Leyser Pope Gregory the Great (590,604) was arguably the most important Roman writer and civic leader of the early middle ages; the Roman martyrs were certainly the most important cult figures of the city. However modern scholarship on the relationship between Gregory and the Roman martyrs remains curiously underdeveloped, and has been principally devoted to comparison of the gesta martyrum with the stories of Italian holy men and women (in particular St Benedict) told by Gregory in his Dialogues; in the past generation the Dialogues have come to be understood as a polemic against the model of sanctity proposed by the Roman martyr narratives. This paper explores Gregory's role in the development of Roman martyr cult in the context of the immediate social world of Roman clerical politics of the sixth and seventh centuries. Gregory's authority as bishop of Rome was extremely precarious: the Roman clerical hierarchy with its well-developed protocols did not take kindly to the appearance of Gregory and his ascetic companions. In the conflict between Gregory and his followers, and their opponents, both sides used patronage of martyr cult to advance their cause. In spite of the political necessity of engaging in such ,competitive generosity', Gregory was also concerned to channel martyr devotion, urging contemplation on the moral achievements of the martyrs , which could be imitated in the present , as opposed to an aggressive and unrestrained piety focused on their death. Gregory's complex attitude to martyr cult needs to be differentiated from that which was developed over a century later, north of the Alps, by Carolingian readers and copyists of gesta martyrum and pilgrim guides, whose approach to the Roman martyrs was informed by Gregory's own posthumous reputation. [source] Dating the Gesta martyrum: a manuscript-based approachEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2000Clare Pilsworth The gesta martyrum are an anonymous and disparate group of texts celebrating saints venerated in early medieval Rome as having been martyred in that city. This paper investigates the problems involved in placing these texts in their early medieval contexts. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, when scholarship moved away from attempts to identify a core of authentic ancient tradition in these early medieval narratives, most work on the corpus has concentrated on dating the composition of the accounts of individual martyrs. Given the sparsity of absolute chronological markers through references or citations in other written sources, this has inevitably rested on circumstantial evidence and the reconstruction of probable contexts for the redaction of specific works. This paper argues that much new light can be shed on the development of the cult of Roman martyrs if we shift the focus of our investigation from the origin and composition of the Urtexts to the surviving manuscript witnesses , all bar one eighth century or later , and the complex process of transmission which they document. The earliest copies of gesta martyrum, in both legendaries and other manuscripts, reveal surprisingly diverse contexts of transmission. Detailed investigation of Vienna National bibliothek 357, which Dufourcq argued contains a copy of a collection of martyr-narratives available to Gregory the Great, shows that in fact this manuscript sheds light on interest in Roman martyrs north of the Alps in the late Carolingian period, and the networks of contact and communication through which information about the Roman martyrs was transmitted across time and space. [source] The Litaniae maiores and minores in Rome, Francia and Anglo-Saxon England: terminology, texts and traditionsEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 2 2000Joyce Hill It has been noted that there are Frankish and Anglo-Saxon texts in which the three days before Ascension are designated as the Major Litanies, a practice generally regarded as an inexplicable deviation from the established norm of designating 25 April as the Major Litany and the three days before Ascension as the Minor Litany. This article shows, however, that this contrastive terminology was not in use in the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish churches and that the pre-Ascension litany days , more firmly established than the Roman tradition of 25 April , were commonly designated as the Litaniae maiores in authoritative contexts. [source] Slope dynamics of Lake Albano (Rome, Italy): insights from high resolution bathymetryEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 11 2009Francesca Bozzano Abstract New detailed data about the morphology of the submerged slopes of Lake Albano (Rome, Italy) have been collected by a sonar multibeam survey financed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. These data allow for investigation of the subaqueous slope dynamics of the lake, which partially fills a volcanic depression, and the elucidation of the relationships between subaqueous and subaerial slope processes. Subaerial, submerged and combined subaerial/submerged landslide-related morphologies were detected around the inner slopes of the lake. In the submerged slopes, several gravity-induced landforms were recognized: landslide scar areas, landslide accumulations, erosional chutes and channels, block fields, isolated blocks, scarps and slope breaks. An attempt to evaluate the state of activity of the submerged slopes was carried out by taking into consideration the relative freshness of some selected landforms. Interpretation of bathymetric data, as well as direct surveys of the subaerial slopes, was used to assess the morphometric features and interpret the type of movement of the landslides. We propose a comprehensive classification based on the landslide's size and type of movement. We recognized rock fall/topples, debris flows, rock slides and slump, complex rock slides/channelled flows and debris slide and slump. The volume of the main landslides ranged between 101 and 103 m3, while a few rock and debris slides have volumes ranging between 103 and 105 m3. Two large palaeo-landslides with volumes on the order of 106 m3 were identified in the southern and northern part of the lake, respectively. Velocities of the recognized landslides range from rapid to extremely rapid. Two main landslide hazard scenarios have been depicted from the results of the integrated analysis of both subaerial and submerged gravity-induced landforms. The most hazardous scenario involves extremely rapid large volume events (>106 m3) that could, if they interacted with water, induce catastrophic tsunamis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Road pricing: lessons from LondonECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 46 2006Georgina Santos SUMMARY Road pricing LESSONS FROM LONDON This paper assesses the original London Congestion Charging Scheme (LCCS) and its impacts, and it simulates the proposed extension which will include most of Kensington and Chelsea. It also touches upon the political economy of the congestion charge and the increase of the charge from £5 to £8 per day. The possibility of transferring the experience to Paris, Rome and New York is also discussed. The LCCS has had positive impacts. This was despite the considerable political influences on the charge level and location. It is difficult to assess the impacts of the increase of the charge from £5 to £8, which took place in July 2005, because no data have yet been released by Transport for London. The proposed extension of the charging zone does not seem to be an efficient change on economic grounds, at least for the specific boundaries, method of charging and level of charging that is currently planned. Our benefit cost ratios computed under different assumptions of costs and benefits are all below unity. Overall, the experience shows that simple methods of congestion charging, though in no way resembling first-best Pigouvian taxes, can do a remarkably good job of creating benefits from the reduction of congestion. Nevertheless, the magnitude of these benefits can be highly sensitive to the details of the scheme, which therefore need to be developed with great care. , Georgina Santos and Gordon Fraser [source] Evaluation of eradication measures against Anoplophora chinensis in early stage infestations in EuropeEPPO BULLETIN, Issue 2 2010D. J. Van Der Gaag Eradication efforts are described at 5 sites where infestations of Anoplophora chinensis have been detected in Europe since 2003. The infestations were in France (declared eradicated in 2006), in Croatia, in Italy (Rome) and in the Netherlands (Westland and Boskoop). Each of these infestations was on or nearby a nursery or location where plants originating from Eastern Asia had (probably) been stocked or sold. Infested plants were all found within a distance of 30 m from the presumed source of infestation except in the Rome-infestation where infested plants, in total 40, were found within 500 m of the presumed source of infestation. The history of plant imports and local observations at 3 sites (France, Croatia and Westland in the Netherlands) suggests that larvae arrived in imported plants and adults emerged and laid eggs on plants in the surroundings between 1 and 5 years before the infestation was detected. It was not possible to make such an estimate for the Boskoop infestation in the Netherlands and the Rome infestation in Italy. [source] Discourses on Family Time: The Cultural Interpretation of Family Togetherness in Los Angeles and RomeETHOS, Issue 3 2008Tamar Kremer-Sadlik Analysis indicates that in Los Angeles, California, parents talk about sheltering and isolating their nuclear family from the outside world and from everyday routine by creating special times and special activities for the nuclear family. In contrast, Roman parents' discourse allows for spontaneous times with the family that are diffused within routines and merged with other community members, institutions, and social spaces. We argue that differences displayed in parents' discourses are shaped by culturally specific orientations toward time, family, and individual versus shared responsibility. Through this cross-cultural comparison we contribute to the understanding of how local cultural models shape different ways in which parents interpret time spent in family and influence individuals' perceptions of their everyday lives. [family, time, responsibility, United States, Italy]. [source] The Birth of the CAP Die Geburt der GAP La naissance de la PACEUROCHOICES, Issue 2 2008David R. Stead Summary The Birth of the CAP Fifty years ago, a Conference was held at Stresa which could be said to be the single event that most appropriately marks the birth of the CAP. Although five policy objectives had been written into the 1957 Treaty of Rome, these have been widely criticised for being vague and contradictory, and the Treaty contained very few stipulations on the specific policy instruments to be adopted. The Stresa Conference made important, but incomplete, progress towards finalising the policy framework. Most notably, it was generally agreed to avoid a level of price support that created unwanted commodity surpluses and inhibited structural adjustment. But these good intentions, and the positive ,European spirit' of the Conference, began to unravel as soon as the fraught decisions were taken on the details of unifying the protectionist agricultural policies of six different countries. In particular, the decision to fix the initial level of common cereals prices at the upper end of the national spread set an unsatisfactory reference point for other support prices; and an attempt to introduce a genuine common structural policy was rejected. At the turn of the 1970s, the CAP was clearly unbalanced and protectionist, but the Community's first fully-fledged common policy had been constructed. Il y a cinquante ans, s'est tenue à Stresa une Conférence qui pourrait être considérée comme l'évènement unique qui marque le mieux la naissance de la PAC. Bien que cinq objectifs pour l'action publique aient été inscrits dans le Traité de Rome en 1957, leur caractère imprécis et contradictoire a fait l'objet de nombreuses critiques et le Traité ne comportait que de très rares indications sur les instruments de politique à adopter. La Conférence de Stresa a permis de réaliser des progrès importants mais incomplets dans la définition du cadre de l'action publique. Intéressant à noter, il a généralement été convenu d'éviter un niveau de soutien des prix qui engendrerait des surplus excessifs de produits de base et empêcherait l'ajustement structurel. Mais ces bonnes intentions, ainsi que l'esprit "européen" positif de la Conférence, ont commencéà se dissoudre dès que des décisions problématiques furent prises sur le détail de l'uniformisation des politiques agricoles protectionnistes de six pays différents. En particulier, la décision consistant à fixer le niveau initial des prix communs des céréales à la borne supérieur du spectre des prix nationaux a constitué un point de référence peu satisfaisant pour les autres prix de soutien; et la tentative d'introduire une vraie politique commune des structures a avorté. Au tournant des années soixante dix, la PAC était nettement déséquilibrée et protectionniste, mais la première politique complètement commune de la Communautéétait en place. Vor 50 Jahren fand in Stresa eine Konferenz statt, bei welcher es sich wohl um das einzige Ereignis handelt, welches am zutreffendsten als Geburtstag der GAP betrachtet werden kann. Obgleich die politische Zielsetzung bereits 1957 in den Römischen Verträgen festgelegt worden war, standen diese wegen ihrer vagen Formulierung und Widersprüchlichkeit häufig im Kreuzfeuer der Kritik. Die Verträge enthielten nur sehr wenige konkrete Vereinbarungen im Hinblick auf die einzuführenden politischen Instrumente. Durch die Konferenz in Stresa konnten wichtige, jedoch unvollständige, Fortschritte bei der Ausarbeitung der politischen Rahmenbedingungen erzielt werden. Vor allem gab es den allgemeinen Konsens, dass es aufgrund der Preisstützung nicht zu unerwünschten Überschüssen bei Agrarprodukten und zu einer Hemmung der Strukturanpassungen kommen dürfe. Diese guten Absichten und die "europäische Gesinnung" der Konferenz schwanden jedoch, als die bedeutsamen Entscheidungen hinsichtlich der Einzelheiten für die Vereinheitlichung der protektionistischen Agrarpolitiken der sechs verschiedenen Länder getroffen wurden. Insbesondere die Entscheidung, das Anfangsniveau der gemeinsamen Preise für Getreide an der oberen Grenze der nationalen Preisspannen festzumachen, legte einen unbefriedigenden Referenzpunkt für die übrigen Stützpreise fest. Der Vorschlag, eine originär gemeinsame Strukturpolitik einzuführen, wurde abgelehnt. Um 1970 war die GAP eindeutig unausgewogen und protektionistisch; der Entwurf der ersten vollständigen gemeinsamen Politik der Gemeinschaft war jedoch abgeschlossen. [source] Multiple attack study on the available triptans in Italy versus placeboEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 7 2005C. Vollono The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the five triptans that are commercially available in Italy (zolmitriptan 2.5 mg, rizatriptan 10 mg, sumatriptan 100 mg, almotriptan 12.5 mg and eletriptan 40 mg). The study was conducted in single-blind versus placebo and its duration was 18 months. At the Headache Centre of the ,Agostino Gemelli' Hospital in Rome we selected 42 patients, suffering from headache with and without aura (International Headache Society Committee on Headache Classification, 1988 Cephalalgia 8:1,96), whose headache frequency ranged between 1- and 4-monthly crises. For a total of 25 crises, for every five consecutive crises, a different triptan was taken. The end-points of the study were as follows: response at 2 h, ,pain free' at 2 h and ,sustained pain free' (at 24 h). The intra-patient consistency and the tolerability were also evaluated. Thirty patients completed the study and the statistical analysis was only applied to these patients. No substantial difference in terms of the efficacy of the triptans was noted; all triptans were well tolerated. These results suggest the possibility of testing different triptans in the same patient in order to identify the ideal drug for every patient. [source] Legislation, Delegation and Implementation under the Treaty of Lisbon: Typology Meets RealityEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Herwig Hofmann This reform, the first since the Treaty of Rome, will have an impact on some of the most contested topics of EU law, touching several central questions of a constitutional nature. This article critically analyses which potential effects and consequences the reform will have. It looks, inter alia, at the aspects of the shifting relation between EU institutions, the distribution of powers between the EU and its Member States, as well as the future of rule-making and implementation structures such as comitology and agencies. [source] Comparison between objective and subjective measurements of quality of service over an Optical Wide Area networkEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2008Francesco Matera The introduction of intelligence for management and control of the quality of service (QoS) are key issues for the evolution of the next generation IP optical network based on Ethernet technology. A test bed of a core-access network was implemented to investigate such issues and in this paper, the authors report measurements concerning the QoS of multimedia services for different traffic conditions. The network was implemented with a differentiated service over Multi-Protocol Label Switch (MPLS) architecture; it consists of a real optical network based on core routers with optical Gigabit Ethernet (GBE) interfaces connected by means of long single mode fibres (about 50\,km), contained in an installed cable between Rome and Pomezia. The network is based on different access devices, but in this paper we only refer to an access based on Fibre To The building (FTTB) architecture. The QoS was investigated both in terms of network (or objective) tests that include packet loss, jitter, one way delay and throughput measurements and perceptive (or subjective) tests that conversely are based on the evaluation of user perception. The services under test mainly consisted of video streams that circulated in the network according to the switching operations based in the IP differentiated service over MPLS technique that allowed us to guarantee the QoS for some class of service, also in the presence of network overload. Particular attention was given to the correlation between objective and subjective measurements. Furthermore, in order to have a complete analysis about QoS of real networks, measurements were performed also in the presence of restoration operations for link failures; in particular we compare the results in the case of conventional IP network restoration with a procedure proposed by us and based on a link switching activated by the loss of signal command coming from the routers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The first European congress on microbial biofilms: EUROBIOFILMS 2009, Rome, Italy, September 2,5, 2009FEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Gianfranco Donelli Guest Editor First page of article [source] The North American P group of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. is widely distributed in Pinus pinea forests of the western coast of central ItalyFOREST PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007L. D'Amico Summary The distribution of the North American P group of Heterobasidion annosum s.l., recently reported from a Pinus pinea forest in the surroundings of Rome, was studied using mating tests and DNA fingerprinting (mitochondrial DNA, random amplified microsatellite technique and two group-specific markers). This fungus is present in several forests and small plantations along the Tyrrhenian coast of the Italian peninsula, within an area approximately 100 km long, extending from Fregene in the north to the National Park of Circeo in the south, and 27 km wide including the city of Rome. In pine forests of Castelporziano, Castel Fusano and Anzio, where US troops resided during the Second World War, the North American P group is more frequent than the European P group. The low number of mating alleles in the Italian population of the North American P group supports the hypothesis of its origin from a small number of introductions. The near 100% sexual compatibility between the North American and European P groups, together with inconsistencies in results obtained with different identification methods of these groups, suggests that hybridization between the North American and European P populations occurs occasionally. [source] Sexual Morality in Ancient Rome,by Rebecca LanglandsGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 1 2010CRESSIDA RYAN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Retrieving geomagnetic secular variations from lava flows: evidence from Mounts Arso, Etna and Vesuvius (southern Italy)GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2002Alberto Incoronato Summary Mean directions of magnetization from Mounts Arso (Ischia Island, Gulf of Naples), Etna and Vesuvius lava flows have been determined based on very stringent linearity criteria. These indicate that, regardless of the source volcano, the lava flow mean directions of magnetization form a common path, the SISVC (Southern Italy Secular Variation Curve). This curve enables a reassessment of the age of eruption of several lavas. A date of AD 1169 is demonstrated to be the only possible time of emplacement for one Etna lava flow previously assigned an age of AD 812/1169. It is also demonstrated that two Etna lava flows, which, according to the literature, were emplaced in AD 1536 and 1595 respectively, were actually both emplaced around AD 1037. Three other Etna lava flows, one ascribed to AD 1566 and two to AD 1595, were actually emplaced between AD 1169 and 1284/85. The same time window also holds for a Vesuvius lava flow for which only an upper time threshold was previously available. Only one of the studied flows needs further sampling and analysis to verify whether this flow has been affected by a complete remagnetization or has an erroneous historical dating. The applied procedure seems to be the most appropriate one in carrying out palaeomagnetic surveys of lava flows, as also suggested by the broad agreement with some 17th and 19th century measurements of the geomagnetic field in Rome, relocated to Etna, and is likely to improve knowledge of past history of a volcano significantly. [source] Friedrich Friese's Dialect Comedy of 1687: A Taste of Altenburg School TheatreGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 3 2000Anna Carrdus The little-known work of Friedrich Friese, pupil and then teacher at the school in Altenburg during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, displays an interest in the popular culture of his day which he united with pedagogic responsibilities. His interest in the customs of the peasant and artisan classes is reflected in his preference for the comic genre, which traditionally focuses on behaviour and misbehaviour among the lower social levels. Friese's work offers insights into school thratre in Altenburg, which flourished in the seventeenth century but has as yet attracted little scholarly attention. The school not only put on hitherto unrecorded performances of plays by the well-known Christian Weise and Andreas Gryphius; between 1660 and 1703 it also presented independent dramas to mark the annual 'Gregoriusfest'. This civic school festival originated in ancient Rome and had many popular elements. Although it was widely celebrated in early modern Germany, celebration in Altenburg was particularly highly developed. Friese prepared several comedies for performance in 'Gregoriusfeste' as 'Nachspiele' to the main, more elevated dramatic pieces by the current Rector of the school. The text of his dialect comedy of 1687 is reprinted at the end of this article as a sample of his work and of Altenburg school theatre. [source] Italy is not a good place for men: narratives of places, marriage and masculinity among Malayali migrantsGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 4 2006ESTER GALLO In this article I explore the relationship between a ,feminization of migration' and the construction of masculine identities among Malayali migrants from Kerala, South India, who experience migration directly or indirectly through marriages with Malayali women living and working in Rome. The interest in focusing on the relation between women's pioneer role as migrants and their husbands' experiences of migration is to show how men's identity is represented through their conjugal bond with migrant women working in the domestic sector and to understand how masculinity is constructed and contested within and with reference to different places. [source] Political Violence in the Republic of Rome: Nothing New under the SunGOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2006Brenda J. Lutz At various times the Roman Republic faced outbreaks of domestic political violence, including riots and intimidation, assassinations and conspiracies to overthrow the government. Violence was particularly noticeable in the Early Republic and the Late Republic. These activities were quite similar to the terrorism and violence used by mobs and groups during the French Revolution and the tactics of fascists and leftists in Europe in the 1920s or 1930s. More accurately, the actions of mobs and others during the French Revolution and leftists and fascists in Europe were very similar to the techniques used in the Roman political system in the last five centuries BCE. [source] Forum on: the role of recombinant factor VIII in children with severe haemophilia AHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 2 2009M. FRANCHINI Summary., The development of recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products, fuelled by the need for improved safety of treatment arising from the dramatic widespread blood-borne virus transmission in the 1970,1980s revolutionized the care of children with haemophilia A over the last two decades. The larger availability of perceived safer replacement therapy associated with the introduction of rFVIII products reassured the haemophilia community and there was a strong push in some Western countries to treat haemophilic children only with rFVIII. Moreover, this significantly contributed in the 1990s to the diffusion outside Northern Europe of prophylactic regimens implemented at an early age to prevent bleeding and the resultant joint damage (i.e. primary prophylaxis), together with the possibility of home treatment. These changes led to a substantial improvement of the quality of life of haemophilic children and of their families. The general agreement that primary prophylaxis represents the first-choice treatment for haemophilic children has been recently supported by two randomized controlled trials carried out with rFVIII products, providing evidence on the efficacy of early prophylaxis over on-demand treatment in preserving joint health in haemophilic children. However, the intensity and optimal modalities of implementation of prophylaxis in children, in particular with respect to the issue of the venous access, are still debated. A number of studies also supports the role of secondary prophylaxis in children, frequently used in countries in which primary prophylaxis was introduced more recently. With viral safety now less than an issue and with the more widespread use of prophylaxis able to prevent arthropathy, the most challenging complication of replacement therapy for children with haemophilia remains the risk of inhibitor development. Despite conflicting data, there is no evidence that the type of FVIII concentrate significantly influences the complex multifactorial process leading to anti-FVIII alloantibodies, whereas other treatment-related factors are likely to increase (early intensive treatments due to surgery or severe bleeds) or reduce (prophylaxis) the risk. Although the optimal regimen is still uncertain, eradication of anti-FVIII antibodies by immune tolerance induction (ITI), usually with the same product administered at inhibitor detection, should be the first-choice treatment for all patients with recent onset inhibitors. This issue applies particularly to children, as most patients undergo ITI at an early age, when inhibitors usually appear. The availability of a stable and long-lasting venous access represents a leading problem also in this setting. These and other topics concerning rFVIII treatment of haemophilic children were discussed in a meeting held in Rome on 27 February 2008 and are summarized in this report. [source] Tudor dynastic problems revisited*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 212 2008E. W. Ives This article reassesses Henry VIII's succession acts. It argues that the first was primarily concerned with the breach with Rome, but that the second and third revolutionized succession law. Parliament accepted Henry's right to limit the succession to legitimate ,heirs of his body', so excluding collaterals, and to designate in their place whoever he wished to succeed. This allowed him to deny the crown to Mary and Elizabeth because of illegitimacy, but enabled them to succeed as his nominees. The original legislation shows an awareness of the contradiction in this. The consequent difficulty in reconciling common law and statute was at the heart of the 1553 crisis, the claims of both Mary and Elizabeth and the ongoing Elizabethan succession debate. The accession of James I punctured Henry's scheming and marked a return to common law rules. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||