Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Roll
Kinds of Roll Terms modified by Roll Selected AbstractsRadioguided Localization of Clinically Occult Breast Lesions (ROLL): A Pilot StudyTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Heriberto Medina-Franco MD Abstract:, Management of nonpalpable breast lesions requiring pathologic diagnosis has been with wire localization during the last few decades. Recently, radioguided localization (ROLL) became an alternative for this type of lesions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of this technique in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City. Consecutive patients requiring pathologic diagnosis from a nonpalpable breast lesion were included in the present study. On the same day of operation, all patients were injected with particles of human serum albumin. Localization of the lesion was performed in the operation theater with the aid of a hand-held gamma-probe. All lesions were identified in a control x-ray of the surgical specimen. Demographic, clinical, surgical and pathologic data were recorded. Forty patients with a mean age of 56.8 ± 7.8 years were included. In 39 of the 40 patients (97.5%) the "hot spot" was identified easily. In all patients, the area of maximum radioactivity corresponded to the site of the lesion. Imaging confirmation of the lesion in the surgical specimen was done during the first excision in 37 patients (92.5%). In the remaining cases (7.5%), a wider excision was performed during the same procedure, finding the suspected lesion in all cases. Diagnosis of cancer was made in seven patients, (17.5%). There were no significant surgical complications. Our data suggest that ROLL offer a simple and reliable method to localize occult breast lesions, allowing complete removal of the lesion in 100% of the patients. Because of the small quantity of radioactivity, the procedure is safe for both patients and the medical staff, producing less discomfort in patients than wire localization. [source] Combined radioguided occult lesion and sentinel node localization for breast cancerANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 7 2004Joon Kim Introduction: The incidence of non-palpable breast lesions requiring intraoperative localization has greatly increased, particularly because of the widespread use of mammographic screening. These lesions have previously been localized preoperatively using hook-wire or carbon track techniques. In the era of increasing acceptance of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) a separate procedure would be required for sentinel node localization (SNL). The present study describes an experience with ultrasound guided radionucleotide occult lesion localization (ROLL) as a reliable alternative that enables SNL synchronously. Methods: Twenty-two patients with proven breast malignancy on core biopsy were enrolled in the present study. Preoperatively, technetium-99m was injected around the lesion under radiological guidance. A ,-probe was then used to locate the lesion and guide its surgical removal. Complete excision was then confirmed immediately by verifying minimal residual radioactivity in the cavity wall tissue. Appropriate SNB then proceeded. Results: The primary breast lesion was identified in all cases except in one, where the radiotracer was injected into the wrong site, giving a miss rate of 1/22 (4.5%). The average size of the tumour was 13 mm (range 6,22 mm) and the closest margins ranged from 0 (1 patient) to 22 mm (mean 7 mm). Two patients had inadequate margins and required further excision giving a re-excision rate of 2/21 (9.5%). SNB specimens included a median of 3.7 nodes/patient Conclusion: Radionucleotide occult lesion localization/SNL is a simple, accurate and reliable method of combining localization of impalpable breast lesions with the localization required for SNB. The miss and re-excision rates compare favourably with the needle-wire systems and carbon tracking techniques. There are significant resource efficiency and time advantages. [source] WHY HAVE UK DISABILITY BENEFIT ROLLS GROWN SO MUCH?JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 1 2008Duncan McVicar Abstract Over the last 30 years many countries , including the UK , have seen a dramatic rise in the share of the working age population receiving sickness and disability benefits (hereafter disability benefits). This is despite health levels that are generally thought to be slowly improving. This paper describes the time path of UK disability benefit rolls and explores the existing UK literature together with literature from the USA in search of potential explanations for it. Since the early 1990s, despite a number of detailed descriptive studies, surprisingly little attention has been paid to quantifying the importance of the different factors believed to be driving the UK benefit roll growth. This is all the more surprising given the continued growth and the level of policy attention recently and currently devoted to disability benefits in the UK. [source] DETERMINING A SERIES OF WHOLE WHEAT DIFFERENCE THRESHOLDS FOR USE IN A GRADUAL ADJUSTMENT INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE CHILDREN'S LIKING OF WHOLE-WHEAT BREAD ROLLSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 6 2007JOANNE DELK ABSTRACT The first objective of this research was to determine if elementary school-aged children preferred refined bread to whole-wheat bread. The second objective was to set a series of difference threshold steps that could be used for an intervention to gradually and undetectably increase whole-wheat flour content in a bread roll. We conducted a taste test with 103 elementary school children in which they rated their liking of bread rolls containing various levels of whole wheat. The rolls with lower levels of whole wheat were liked better than the rolls with higher levels. We established difference thresholds for whole-wheat flour in rolls over the range of 0,100% whole wheat using ascending forced-choice tests. From these thresholds, we established the following series of concentrations (%): 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 26, 32, 38, 47, 59, 72 and 91. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The series of whole wheat concentrations we determined can be used in an intervention to gradually increase the whole-wheat content of bread rolls. More broadly, they could be used by any foodservice operation, manufacturer or cook that wants to gradually increase the whole-wheat content of bread or related products and have that increase remain undetected by consumers. This strategy of gradually increasing whole-wheat content has the potential to markedly increase the consumption of whole grains, thus, improving health. [source] Formability of Accumulative Roll Bonded Aluminum AA1050 and AA6016 Investigated Using Bulge Tests,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 12 2008I. Topic The paper reports one of the very first attempts to investigate the formability of ultrafine-grained aluminum sheets produced by a severe plastic deformation process known as accumulative roll bonding. During hydraulic bulge testing the samples showed a tendency to higher achievable burst pressures and/or von Mises equivalent strains with increasing number of accumulative roll bonding cycles, indicating promising deformation behaviour and good formability. [source] Follow-up of serious offender patients in the community: multiple methods of tracingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Elizabeth Jamieson Lecturer Abstract Longitudinal studies of people with mental disorder are important in understanding outcome and intervention effects but attrition rates can be high. This study aimed to evaluate use of multiple record sources to trace, over 12 years, a one-year discharge cohort of high-security hospital patients. Everyone leaving such a hospital in 1984 was traced until a census date of 31 December 1995. Data were collected from several national databases (Office for National Statistics (ONS), Home Office (HO) Offenders' Index, Police National Computer Records, the Electoral Roll) and by hand-searching responsible agency records (HO, National Health Service). Using all methods, only three of the 204 patients had no follow-up information. Home Office Mental Health Unit data were an excellent source, but only for people still under discharge restrictions (<50% after eight years). Sequential tracing of hospital placements for people never or no longer under such restrictions was laborious and also produced only group-specific yield. The best indicator of community residence was ONS information on general practitioner (GP/primary care) registration. The electoral roll was useful when other sources were exhausted. Follow-up of offenders/offender-patients has generally focused on event data, such as re-offending. People untraced by that method alone, however, are unlikely to be lost to follow-up on casting a wider records net. Using multiple records, attrition at the census was 38%, but, after certain assumptions, reduced further to 5%. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Reliable ALE middleware for RFID network applicationsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2009Nong-Kun Chen Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology adopts the air interface to deliver the information required for object identification. The RFID system is convenient to manage and operate, and is widely encouraged by the large-scale chain industry. Additionally, electronic product code (EPC) network technology allows immediate, automatic identification and sharing of information on items in the supply chain. This work proposes an RFID service middleware with a highly reliable and efficient application-level event (ALE)-based prototype mechanism according to EPCglobal. A Student Muster Roll (SMR) application test bed is implemented in the proposed ALE-based scheme. The SMR system can be employed to manage the absentee records of students in a class, and can manage and control several operation multi-reader devices simultaneously. The proposed scheme can filter attendance accurately, eliminating the possibility of reduplication in student records. Performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed novel scheme is much more efficient and reliable than a naive ALE scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Does Greater Firm-Specific Return Variation Mean More or Less Informed Stock Pricing?JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003Artyom Durnev ABSTRACT Roll [1988] observes low R2 statistics for common asset pricing models due to vigorous firm-specific return variation not associated with public information. He concludes that this implies "either private information or else occasional frenzy unrelated to concrete information"[p. 56]. We show that firms and industries with lower market model R2 statistics exhibit higher association between current returns and future earnings, indicating more information about future earnings in current stock returns. This supports Roll's first interpretation: higher firm-specific return variation as a fraction of total variation signals more information-laden stock prices and, therefore, more efficient stock markets. [source] Good Old Rock and Roll: Performing the 1950s in the 1970sJOURNAL OF POPULAR MUSIC STUDIES, Issue 2 2003Philip Auslander [source] "Roll Back Malaria, Roll in Development"?POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Reassessing the Economic Burden of Malaria Recent efforts to mobilize support for malaria control have highlighted the economic burden of malaria and the value of malaria control for generating economic development. These claims have a long history. Beginning in the early twentieth century, they became the primary justification for malaria-control programs in the American South and in other parts of the globe, including British India. Economists conducted none of these studies. Following World War II and the development of new anti-malarial drugs and pesticides, including DDT, malaria control and eradication were increasingly presented as instruments for eliminating economic underdevelopment. By the 1960s, however, economists and demographers began to raise serious substantive and methodological questions about the basis of these claims. Of particular concern was the role of rapid population growth, resulting in part from the decline of malaria mortality, in undermining the short-term economic gains achieved through malaria control. Despite these concerns, malaria continues to be presented as an economic problem in the work of Jeffrey Sachs and others, justifying massive investments in malaria control. The methodological basis of these claims is examined. The paper concludes that while malaria takes a dreadful toll in human lives and causes significant economic losses for individuals, families, and some industries, the evidence linking malaria control to national economic growth remains unconvincing. In addition, the evidence suggests that there are potential costs to justifying malaria-eradication campaigns on macroeconomic grounds. [source] Honour Roll of Referees 2006THE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 4 2007Article first published online: 13 NOV 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Analyzing Roll Calls with Perfect Spatial Voting: France 1946,1958AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004Howard Rosenthal A recent methodological advance in legislative roll-call analysis is especially relevant to the study of legislative behavior outside the setting of the United States Congress. We argue that Poole's (2000) optimal classification method for roll-call analysis is preferable to parametric methods for studying many legislatures. This is because the nature of party discipline, near-perfect spatial voting, and parliamentary institutions that provides incentives for strategic behavior lead to severe violations of the error assumptions underlying parametric methods. The robustness of the nonparametric method to the stochastic nature of the data makes it an ideal candidate for studying strategic behavior in legislatures. We illustrate these points with an analysis of data from the French Fourth Republic (1946,1958). [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,EPIDEMIOLOGY: Male Erectile Dysfunction: Its Prevalence in Western Australia and Associated Sociodemographic FactorsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2008FRCPEdin, FRCPGlasg, Kew-Kim Chew MBBS ABSTRACT Introduction., This is a report of a population-based cross-sectional observational study in Western Australia (WA) on male erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim., To assess the prevalence of ED in WA and to examine its associated sociodemographic factors. Method., Postal questionnaires were sent to randomly selected age-stratified male population samples obtained from the WA Electoral Roll. Main Outcome Measures., In addition to items covering sociodemographic and clinical information, the Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), the Socioeconomic Index for Area (SEIFA), and the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) were used. Results., One thousand seven hundred seventy (41.9%) of 4,228 questionnaires were returned. One thousand five hundred eighty (89.3%) were completed questionnaires from men aged 20.1 to 99.6 years (mean 57.9, median 59.1, standard deviation 18.5). The prevalences of any ED and of severe ED among adult males in WA, adjusted for age distribution, were 25.1 and 8.5%, respectively. Standardized to World Health Organization (WHO) World Standard Population, the corresponding prevalences were 23.4 and 7.4%. Prevalence, as well as severity, of ED increased with age. Thirty-eight percent of the participants who were married or had partners experienced ED (severe ED 19.1%). The prevalence of ED was not significantly different between "white-collar" and "blue-collar" workers. Despite the great majority of the affected participants having experienced ED for >1 year, only 14.1% reported having ever received any treatment for ED. Conclusions., The study has provided population-based epidemiological data on ED in Western Australian men covering a wide range of ages. The finding that ED is age related, highly prevalent, and grossly underdiagnosed and undertreated is pertinent to global population aging and a rapidly aging Australian population. To facilitate comparisons across populations with different age distributions, all future population-based studies on ED should be standardized to WHO World Standard Population. Chew K-K, Stuckey B, Bremner A, Earle C, and Jamrozik K. Male Erectile Dysfunction: Its Prevalence in Western Australia and Associated Sociodemographic Factors. J Sex Med 2008;5:60,69. [source] Tracing 8,600 participants 36 years after recruitment at age seven for the Tasmanian Asthma StudyAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2006Cathryn Wharton Objective: To trace all participants 36 years after the original Tasmanian Asthma Study (TAS). Methods: In 1968, the TAS investigated asthma in 8,583 children who were born in 1961. We attempted to trace these participants in 2002,04 using names, dates of birth and gender. Current addresses were sought by computer linkage to the Commonwealth Electoral Roll, the Medicare database and the Tasmanian marriage records. Computer linkage was conducted with the National Death Index (NDI). Siblings of participants were also linked to the Commonwealth Electoral Roll and those identified were sent a letter requesting the participant's address. The Australian Twin Registry (ATR) and the 1991,93 TAS substudy were used to locate participant addresses. Results: After three rounds of electoral roll linkage, 56% of all cohort members were traced. Name changes were identified for 49% of the 3,477 females not initially matched to the electoral roll using linkage to marriage records. NDI linkage yielded a 0.7% match. Medicare linkage identified addresses for 27% of the 1,982 remaining participants. Writing to siblings located 60% of 1,661 participants. One hundred and eighty-three participants were matched to the 1991,93 TAS and 23 twins matched to the ATR. Overall, 81.5% of the cohort members were identified. Conclusions: With these methods, we have been able to trace a possible address for a large portion of the original participants, with the electoral roll linkage being the most useful. Implications: It is possible to trace Australians for follow-up studies using electronic linkage, although without unique identifiers it is labour and resource intensive and requires matching to several databases. [source] Edentulism and associated factors in people 60 years and over from urban, rural and remote Western AustraliaAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003C. Adams Abstract Background: Edentulism is declining in the aged, in turn increasing demand on dental services. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of edentulism and associated factors for people 60 years or over in urban, rural and remote Western Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone interview survey was conducted of 2100 people aged 60 years or over (urban n=800, rural n=800, remote n=500), identified through the State Electoral Roll, who were living in non-institutionalized accommodation in Western Australia and who were able to speak English sufficiently well to be interviewed in English. Results: The main outcome measure was edentulism. The prevalence of edentulism was 25 per cent for people in urban areas, 34 per cent for people in rural areas and 32 per cent for people in remote areas. Respondents aged 60,69 years had less than half the edentulism than respondents aged 80 years or over. Multivariable logistic regression models showed geographic location, age, gender, education and occupation were significantly associated with edentulism. Conclusions: The percentage of edentulism was highest in rural areas with some clear demographic trends. These future aged cohorts are likely to follow the same patterns of social and geographic disadvantage as found for the current edentate cohort. The results were consistent with other studies while providing state level multivariate results to assist service planning. [source] Mental health and well-being within rural communities: The Australian Rural Mental Health StudyAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2010Brian J. Kelly Abstract Objective:,This paper outlines the methods and baseline data from a multisite cohort study of the determinants and outcomes of mental health and well-being within rural and remote communities. Methods:,A stratified random sample of adults was drawn in non-metropolitan New South Wales using the Australian Electoral Roll, with the aim of recruiting all adult members of each household. Surveys assessed psychological symptoms, physical health and mental disorders, along with individual-, family/household- and community-level characteristics. A stratified subsample completed a telephone-administered World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (World Mental Health-3.0). Proxy measures of child health and well-being were obtained. Follow up of this sample will be undertaken at one, three and five years. Results:,A total of 2639 individuals were recruited (1879 households), with 28% from remote/very remote regions. A significant relationship was found between recent distress (Kessler-10 scores), age and remoteness, with a linear reduction of Kessler-10 scores with age and the lowest mean scores in remote regions. Conclusions:,Existing rurality categories cannot address the diverse socio-cultural, economic and environmental characteristics of non-metropolitan regions. While it has limitations, the dataset will enable a fine-grained examination of geographic, household and community factors and provide a unique longitudinal dataset over a five-year period. [source] Rolling-Circle Amplification: Unshared Advantages in miRNA DetectionCHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 8 2009Saskia Neubacher Abstract Roll with it: The quantitative analysis of specific miRNAs from biological samples is very likely to revolutionize diagnostics of human disease. A novel method for miRNA analysis employing rolling-circle amplification (RCA) can homogeneously detect miRNA, even at concentrations as low as 10 fM. The use of T4 RNA ligase 2 (T4,RnL2) at elevated temperatures enables very good discrimination of miRNAs differing by a single nucleotide. [source] A&F Referees: ,Honour Roll' 2007,2008ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 2 2009Article first published online: 18 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cotton Dental Rolls for Effective and Cost-Efficient HemostasisDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2009GREGORY J. FULCHIERO JR., MS BIOENG No abstract is available for this article. [source] Villein rents in thirteenth,century England: an analysis of the Hundred Rolls of 1279,1280ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 4 2002Junichi Kanzaka What factors played the principal role in determining the level of villein rents in thirteenth,century England? Historians have assumed three factors: economic and demographic forces, seigneurial power, and custom. This analysis of the Hundred Rolls of 1279,80 for Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Oxfordshire, and Warwickshire indicates that community custom was the most important factor. It is only on ecclesiastical estates in Huntingdonshire that seigneurial power had a decisive influence in imposing heavy labour services on villeins. Furthermore, since villeins were protected by custom, the level of their rents was usually lower than that of competitive freehold rents, which reflected market forces. [source] Meniscus-Controlled Continuous Fabrication of Arrays and Rolls of Extremely Long Micro- and Nano-Fibers,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 4 2008P. Suryavanshi A direct-write nanomanufacturing technique is developed for the high-speed, continuous fabrication of micro- and nano-fibers made of soluble ionic solids in a low-humidity ambient environment. The process is based on the fast evaporation of solvent and the precipitation of solute in the nanoscale meniscus. Freestanding nanofibers, suspended or stacked nanofiber arrays, and even a continuously wound microfiber roll with a fiber length over 40 cm are fabricated. [source] Turbulent flow over a dune: Green River, ColoradoEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 3 2005Jeremy G. Venditti Abstract Detailed echo-sounder and acoustic Doppler velocimeter measurements are used to assess the temporal and spatial structure of turbulent flow over a mobile dune in a wide, low-gradient, alluvial reach of the Green River. Based on the geometric position of the sensor over the bedforms, measurements were taken in the wake, in transitional flow at the bedform crest, and in the internal boundary layer. Spatial distributions of Reynolds shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulence intensity, and correlation coefficient are qualitatively consistent with those over fixed, two-dimensional bedforms in laboratory flows. Spectral and cospectral analysis demonstrates that energy levels in the lee of the crest (i.e. wake) are two to four times greater than over the crest itself, with minima over the stoss slope (within the developing internal boundary layer). The frequency structure in the wake is sharply defined with single, dominant peaks. Peak and total spectral and cross-spectral energies vary over the bedform in a manner consistent with wave-like perturbations that ,break' or ,roll up' into vortices that amalgamate, grow in size, and eventually diffuse as they are advected downstream. Fluid oscillations in the lee of the dune demonstrate Strouhal similarity between laboratory and field environments, and correspondence between the peak frequencies of these oscillations and the periodicity of surface boils was observed in the field. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow due to unusual sleep positionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2000J. Finsterer Abnormal strain of the ulnar nerve over the sulcus due to an unusual sleep position is a rare cause of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. A 57-year-old patient with Mandelung's deformity developed progressive weakness in the flexion of fingers 4 and 5 and in finger straddling on the left side. Additionally, there was slight wasting of the left hypothenar and the left interossei muscles. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies of the left ulnar nerve showed delayed conduction velocities over the left ulnar sulcus. He preferred to sleep in a left lateral position with his head lying on a headrest roll, his left forearm being flexed at 110° and his hand lying either under his cheek or placed on the roll. Only three weeks after the patient had been advised to change his sleep position and to sleep without the headrest roll, weakness markedly improved. This case shows that sleeping in a lateral position with the head on a headrest roll and the hand placed on the roll or under the cheek may cause ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Change of such a habitual sleep position promptly resolves the symptoms. [source] Rule,based reasoning and neural network perception for safe off,road robot mobilityEXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 4 2002Edward Tunstel Operational safety and health monitoring are critical matters for autonomous field mobile robots such as planetary rovers operating on challenging terrain. This paper describes relevant rover safety and health issues and presents an approach to maintaining vehicle safety in a mobility and navigation context. The proposed rover safety module is composed of two distinct components: safe attitude (pitch and roll) management and safe traction management. Fuzzy logic approaches to reasoning about safe attitude and traction management are presented, wherein inertial sensing of safety status and vision,based neural network perception of terrain quality are used to infer safe speeds of traversal. Results of initial field tests and laboratory experiments are also described. The approach provides an intrinsic safety cognizance and a capacity for reactive mitigation of robot mobility and navigation risks. [source] Novel Brush Polymers with Phosphorylcholine Bristle Ends: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and BiocompatibilityADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 10 2009Gahee Kim Abstract New brush polymers with various numbers of bristle ends incorporating phosphorylcholine (PC) moieties are synthesized. The polymers are thermally stable up to 175,°C and form good-quality films with conventional spin-, roll-, and dip-coating, and subsequent drying processes. Interestingly, all these brush polymers, as a PC-containing polymer, demonstrate a stable molecular multi-bilayer structure in thin films that arise due to the efficient self-assembly of the bristles for temperatures <55,°C and PC-rich surfaces, and therefore successfully mimic natural cell-membrane surfaces. These brush-polymer films exhibit excellent water wettability and water sorption whilst retaining the remarkable molecular multi-bilayer structure, and thus have hydrophilic surfaces. These novel multi-bilayer structured films repel fibrinogen molecules and platelets from their surfaces but also have bactericidal effects on bacteria. Moreover, the brush-polymer films are found to provide comfortable surface environments for the successful anchoring and growth of HEp-2 cells, and to exhibit excellent biocompatibility in mice. These newly developed brush polymers are suitable for use in biomedical applications including medical devices and biosensors that require biocompatibility and the reduced possibility of post-operative infection. [source] The Galloway roll (1300): its content, composition and value to military history*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 218 2009David Simpkin The Galloway roll is one of eighteen extant English rolls of arms dating from the reign of King Edward I. Drawn up at the height of that king's wars, it commemorates around 250 knights who served in south-west Scotland in 1300. It is the first armorial of its type to record the names of a large number of knights bachelor and to arrange them into the retinues in which they served. This article considers how this roll of arms came into being, what it adds to our knowledge of the English army in 1300, and how it highlights the gentry's service during this period of heavy campaigning. [source] Numerical analysis of a new Eulerian,Lagrangian finite element method applied to steady-state hot rolling processesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2005Josef Synka Abstract A finite element code for steady-state hot rolling processes of rigid,visco-plastic materials under plane,strain conditions was developed in a mixed Eulerian,Lagrangian framework. This special set up allows for a direct calculation of the local deformations occurring at the free surfaces outside the contact region between the strip and the work roll. It further simplifies the implementation of displacement boundary conditions, such as the impenetrability condition. When applied to different practical hot rolling situations, ranging from thick slab to ultra-thin strip rolling, the velocity,displacement based model (briefly denoted as vu-model) in this mixed Eulerian,Lagrangian reference system proves to be a robust and efficient method. The vu-model is validated against a solely velocity-based model (vv-model) and against elementary methods based on the Kármán,Siebel and Orowan differential equations. The latter methods, when calibrated, are known to be in line with experimental results for homogeneous deformation cases. For a massive deformation it is further validated against the commercial finite-element software package Abaqus/Explicit. It is shown that the results obtained with the vu-model are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the vv-model and that the vu-model is even more robust than its vv-counterpart. Throughout the study we assumed a rigid cylindrical work roll; only for the homogeneous test case, we also investigated the effect of an elastically deformable work roll within the frame of the Jortner Green's function method. The new modelling approach combines the advantages of conventional Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling concepts and can be extended to three dimensions in a straightforward manner. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Meniscus-Controlled Continuous Fabrication of Arrays and Rolls of Extremely Long Micro- and Nano-Fibers,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 4 2008P. Suryavanshi A direct-write nanomanufacturing technique is developed for the high-speed, continuous fabrication of micro- and nano-fibers made of soluble ionic solids in a low-humidity ambient environment. The process is based on the fast evaporation of solvent and the precipitation of solute in the nanoscale meniscus. Freestanding nanofibers, suspended or stacked nanofiber arrays, and even a continuously wound microfiber roll with a fiber length over 40 cm are fabricated. [source] Antimicrobial activity of nisin incorporated in pectin and polylactic acid composite films against Listeria monocytogenesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Tony Jin Summary An extruded composite food packaging film containing pectin, polylactic acids (PLAs) and nisin was developed to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. The mechanical properties and surface structure of the film were also examined. Cells of L. monocytogenes were reduced by 2.1, 4.5 and 3.7 log units mL,1 by the pectin plus PLA (pectin/PLA) film containing nisin (1000 IU mL,1 of tested liquid) in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, liquid egg white and orange juice, respectively, after 48 h at 24 °C. Pectin played an important roll in embedding nisin into the film. The pectin/PLA film had a similar stiffness but lower tensile strength, elongation and fracture energy than the pure PLA film. These data suggested that nisin incorporated into the pectin/PLA film was an effective approach to reducing L. monocytogenes in a typical growth medium (e.g. BHI broth) as well as in foods (e.g. orange juice and liquid egg). [source] Life-time history of suicide attempts and coronary artery disease in a community-dwelling elderly populationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2006S. Artero Abstract Background Numerous studies have observed a strong relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and psychiatric disorder; notably depression, anxiety and panic attacks. No study has, however, explored the question of whether persons suffering from CAD might also be at high risk of suicide attempts. Objective The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between CAD within a general population cohort and life-time history of psychiatric disorder and suicidal behaviour. Method A representative sample of 1843 non-institutionalized persons over 65, drawn at random from the electoral roll, was given a standardized neurological and psychiatric examination based on DSM-IV criteria. The clinical examination also included an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a questionnaire relating to life-time medical history. Cardiac events were validated by the general practitioner. Results Within this general population sample the prevalence of suicide attempts was 3.9%. A significant positive association was observed between life-time prevalence of CAD and suicide attempts (p,<,0.04). Suicide attempts were associated with major depression (p,<,0.001) co-morbid anxiety and depression (p,<,0.001) but not anxiety alone (p,=,0.16). A logistic regression analysis showed that the relationship between suicide attempts and CAD persists after adjustment for depression and anxiety. Conclusion CAD is associated with suicidal behaviour independently of depression, however, longitudinal studies are required to clarify the direction of causality and to integrate genetic, biological, environmental and psychological factors into an aetiological model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||