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Root Canal Morphology (root + canal_morphology)

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Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures

ENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2005
Frank J. Vertucci
The hard tissue repository of the human dental pulp takes on numerous configurations and shapes. A thorough knowledge of tooth morphology, careful interpretation of angled radiographs, proper access preparation and a detailed exploration of the interior of the tooth are essential prerequisites for a successful treatment outcome. Magnification and illumination are aids that must be utilized to achieve this goal. This article describes and illustrates tooth morphology and discusses its relationship to endodontic procedures. A thorough understanding of the complexity of the root canal system is essential for understanding the principles and problems of shaping and cleaning, for determining the apical limits and dimensions of canal preparations, and for performing successful microsurgical procedures. [source]

Root canal morphology of mandibular permanent molars at different ages

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2008
H. R. D. Peiris
Abstract Aim, To investigate differences in the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular molar teeth at various ages. Methodology, Four hundred and eighty permanent mandibular first and second molars were examined. First and second molars were divided into six and five groups, respectively, according to the age of the patient at the time of extraction. Root canal morphology was studied using a clearing technique. The canal morphology of the mesial root was classified into three stages depending on its developmental pattern. When the root canal system was completely differentiated, the canal classification and the number of lateral canals and inter-canal communications were recorded. Vertucci's classification was taken as the main reference. Canal morphology was compared amongst age groups. Results, In both first and second molars, developmental stages of canal morphology amongst age groups were significantly different (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of inter-canal communications was highly significantly different in the first (P < 0.0001) and less significant in the second molar (P < 0.05). After completion of the canal differentiation, the mesial roots of first molars had type IV and II canal forms. The majority of the mesial roots of second molars had type I and III canals. C-shaped canals were found in 3% of second molars. Conclusions, Mesial roots of first and second molars mostly had one large canal until 11 and 15 years of age, respectively. In both molars, the canal system was completely defined at 30,40 years. The prevalence of inter-canal communications was low at young and old ages but high at intermediate ages. [source]

Timeliness and effectiveness in the surgical management of persistent post-treatment periapical pathosis

ENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2005
MIN-KAI WU
Common problems that cause persistent post-treatment periapical pathosis include infection remaining in the apical inaccessible areas, extraradicular infection including apically extruded dentine debris with bacteria present in dentinal tubules, radicular true cysts, foreign body reactions, inadequate non-surgical root canal treatment with or without iatrogenically altered root canal morphology, and vertical root fractures. Inadequate root canal treatment may be corrected non-surgically, while more complex problems may require surgical intervention. The important factors that warrant a successful surgery include good quality of the orthograde root canal treatment, deep retrograde preparation of the apical canal, and carefully cleaning and filling of the exposed isthmuses and accessory canals. Ideally, apical surgery and orthograde retreatment are performed simultaneously. In a recent study, 97% of the lesions including large ones of >10 mm in diameter healed completely within 1 year after surgical intervention. Of the teeth that showed ,complete healing' at 4 years more than 85% already ,completely healed' at 2 years; thus, the endodontic post-treatment disease might be treated surgically or non-surgically within 2 years after the previous treatment. [source]

Root canal morphology of mandibular permanent molars at different ages

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2008
H. R. D. Peiris
Abstract Aim, To investigate differences in the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular molar teeth at various ages. Methodology, Four hundred and eighty permanent mandibular first and second molars were examined. First and second molars were divided into six and five groups, respectively, according to the age of the patient at the time of extraction. Root canal morphology was studied using a clearing technique. The canal morphology of the mesial root was classified into three stages depending on its developmental pattern. When the root canal system was completely differentiated, the canal classification and the number of lateral canals and inter-canal communications were recorded. Vertucci's classification was taken as the main reference. Canal morphology was compared amongst age groups. Results, In both first and second molars, developmental stages of canal morphology amongst age groups were significantly different (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of inter-canal communications was highly significantly different in the first (P < 0.0001) and less significant in the second molar (P < 0.05). After completion of the canal differentiation, the mesial roots of first molars had type IV and II canal forms. The majority of the mesial roots of second molars had type I and III canals. C-shaped canals were found in 3% of second molars. Conclusions, Mesial roots of first and second molars mostly had one large canal until 11 and 15 years of age, respectively. In both molars, the canal system was completely defined at 30,40 years. The prevalence of inter-canal communications was low at young and old ages but high at intermediate ages. [source]

Assessment of a contrast medium as an adjunct to endodontic radiography

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 12 2004
J. M. Bedford
Abstract Aim, To assess if a contrast medium improved diagnostic yield of endodontic radiographs. Methodology, Forty-five extracted mandibular premolar teeth were radiographed in bucco-lingual and mesio-distal planes. Access cavities were prepared, pulpal tissue extirpated and Ultravist® contrast medium introduced under pressure. Radiographs were retaken and the teeth cleared following perfusion with India ink. Three examiners assessed all the films for: number of roots, number of root canals, curvature of root and/or root canal, presence of lateral canals, presence of a single foramen or apical delta and the presence or absence of canal obstructions. The examiners' interpretations were compared with the anatomy revealed by clearing. Results, Kappa scores were calculated for each of the examiners, for each set of radiographs, to assess the level of intra- and inter-examiner agreement. Only moderate agreement was found throughout (, = 0.40,0.61). For multiple root canals a false-positive result was significantly more likely with contrast (P < 0.05). The use of contrast did not significantly improve the sensitivity of diagnosis of lateral canals or a single apical foramen. Contrast significantly increased the risk of falsely perceiving lateral canals (P < 0.002). Overall there was no statistically significant difference in the overall assessment of the anatomy of the root canals using contrast or plain radiographs (P > 0.2). Conclusions, Plain film radiographs confidently predict the presence of root or canal curvature but apical anatomy was assessed accurately in only 46% of cases. Plain radiographs were insensitive in assessing the number of root canals present, the presence of lateral canals and the occurrence of canal obstructions. The use of Ultravist® contrast medium to improve diagnosis of root canal morphology of premolars is not supported. [source]

Identification of root canals in molars by tuned-aperture computed tomography

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000
R. Nance
Abstract Aim To compare the tuned-aperture computed tomography system of imaging to conventional D-speed film for their ability to identify root canals in extracted human molars. Methodology Thirteen maxillary and six mandibular human molars were mounted in acrylic blocks to simulate clinical conditions by surrounding the teeth with a radiodense structure. The teeth were then imaged with conventional D-speed film using a standard paralleling technique, and with a modified orthopantomograph OP100 machine using a Schick no. 2 size CCD sensor as the image receptor. The source images were registered and TACT slices were generated using TACT WorkbenchÔ Software. Three observers were asked to identify the number of canals in the conventional film group and the TACT image group using specific criteria. Ground truth was established by cross-sectioning the teeth at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the roots and directly visualizing the root canal morphology. Results TACT imaging detected 36% of 4th canals in maxillary molars and 80% of third canals in mandibular molars. Conventional film detected 0% of fourth canals in maxillary molars and 0% of third canals in mandibular molars. The differences in canal detection between the two techniques were statistically significant (Wilcoxon matched pair sign rank test, P = 0.001). Conclusions In this study, the TACT system of digital imaging was superior to conventional film in the detection of root canals in human molars and may be useful for the detection of root canals that will probably be missed upon conventional X-ray examination. [source]

Maxillary Lateral Incisor With Two Roots

AUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2001
Dr Ian J. Collins BDSc
ABSTRACT Variations in root canal morphology can lead to complications in endodontic treatment. A case of a maxillary lateral incisor with two roots is reported. [source]