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Road Map (road + map)
Selected AbstractsVignettes in Osteoporosis: A Road Map to Successful Therapeutics,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Clifford J Rosen Abstract The diagnosis and management of osteoporosis have become increasingly more complex as new drugs enter the marketplace and meta-analyses of randomized trials with "other" agents become more prolific. We describe five common clinical scenarios encountered in the practice of osteoporosis medicine and various road maps that could lead to successful therapy. Introduction: The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis have changed dramatically in the last decade. Advances in diagnostic technologies and a range of newer treatment options have provided the clinician with a wide array of choices for treating this chronic disease. Despite the issuance of several "guidelines" and practice recommendations, there still remains confusion among clinicians about basic approaches to the management of osteoporosis. This paper should be used as a case-based approach to define optimal therapeutic choices. Materials and Methods: Five representative cases were selected from two very large clinical practices (Bangor, ME; Pittsburgh, PA). Diagnostic modalities and treatment options used in these cases were selected on an evidence-based analysis of respective clinical trials. Subsequent to narrative choices by two metabolic bone disease specialists (SG and CR), calculation of future fracture risk and selection of potential alternative therapeutic regimens were reviewed and critiqued by an epidemiologist (DB). Results: A narrative about each case and possible management choices for each of the five cases are presented with references to justify selection of the various therapeutic options. Alternatives are considered and discussed based on literature and references through July 2003. The disposition of the individual patient is noted at the end of each case. Conclusions: A case-based approach to the management of osteoporosis provides a useful interface between guidelines, evidence-based meta-analyses, and clinical practice dilemmas. [source] Skilled Peer Review: A Road Map to Stronger ScholarshipJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 4 2006Margaret H. Kearney Associate Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] Usmle, Road Map: Emergency MedicineACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 8 2009Corrine Kvamme MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Towards a framework and a benchmark for testing tools for multi-threaded programsCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 3 2007Yaniv Eytani Abstract Multi-threaded code is becoming very common, both on the server side, and very recently for personal computers as well. Consequently, looking for intermittent bugs is a problem that is receiving more and more attention. As there is no silver bullet, research focuses on a variety of partial solutions. We outline a road map for combining the research within the different disciplines of testing multi-threaded programs and for evaluating the quality of this research. We have three main goals. First, to create a benchmark that can be used to evaluate different solutions. Second, to create a framework with open application programming interfaces that enables the combination of techniques in the multi-threading domain. Third, to create a focus for the research in this area around which a community of people who try to solve similar problems with different techniques can congregate. We have started creating such a benchmark and describe the lessons learned in the process. The framework will enable technology developers, for example, developers of race detection algorithms, to concentrate on their components and use other ready made components (e.g. an instrumentor) to create a testing solution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: the road map to cardiovascular diseasesDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 6 2006Eugenio Cersosimo Abstract Cardiovascular disease affects approximately 60% of the adult population over the age of 65 and represents the number one cause of death in the United States. Coronary atherosclerosis is responsible for the vast majority of the cardiovascular events, and a number of cardiovascular risk factors have been identified. In recent years, it has become clear that insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Much evidence supports the presence of insulin resistance as the fundamental pathophysiologic disturbance responsible for the cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, known collectively as the metabolic syndrome. Endothelial dysfunction is an important component of the metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome and this is demonstrated by inadequate vasodilation and/or paradoxical vasoconstriction in coronary and peripheral arteries in response to stimuli that release nitric oxide (NO). Deficiency of endothelial-derived NO is believed to be the primary defect that links insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. NO deficiency results from decreased synthesis and/or release, in combination with exaggerated consumption in tissues by high levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, which are produced by cellular disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to impaired insulin action, by altering the transcapillary passage of insulin to target tissues. Reduced expansion of the capillary network, with attenuation of microcirculatory blood flow to metabolically active tissues, contributes to the impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose and lipid metabolism. This establishes a reverberating negative feedback cycle in which progressive endothelial dysfunction and disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism develop secondary to the insulin resistance. Vascular damage, which results from lipid deposition and oxidative stress to the vessel wall, triggers an inflammatory reaction, and the release of chemoattractants and cytokines worsens the insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. From the clinical standpoint, much experimental evidence supports the concept that therapies that improve insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, interventional strategies that reduce insulin resistance ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, while interventions that improve tissue sensitivity to insulin enhance vascular endothelial function. There is general agreement that aggressive therapy aimed simultaneously at improving insulin-mediated glucose/lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction represents an important strategy in preventing/delaying the appearance of atherosclerosis. Interventions that 1 correct carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, 2 improve insulin resistance, 3 reduce blood pressure and restore vascular reactivity, and 4 attenuate procoagulant and inflammatory responses in adults with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether these benefits hold when the same prevention strategies are applied to younger, high-risk individuals remains to be determined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Yardsticks for industrial tomographyGEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING, Issue 4 2008A. Vesnaver ABSTRACT Seismic tomography has been developed and applied for decades in seismological applications and for basic research purposes. During the last decade, large-scale applications in the oil and gas industry became standard as tomostatics and velocity modelling for pre-stack depth migration. In this paper, I take a snapshot of some current industrial applications, quantifying practical aspects by yardsticks such as data and model size and I try to draw a road map for the current decade. [source] We've never done it this way before: Prompting organizational change through storiesGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 2 2008North McKinnon Organizations have discovered that storytelling is a powerful change management tool for addressing the emotional issues that have torpedoed many an initiative. Leaders from five businesses discuss how stories finally enabled employees and other stakeholders to get on board with major change efforts. The cases include organizations that used metaphors to create a common team vision, a road map for new business strategy, and the future vision for a massive high tech merger, as well as leaders who used personal stories to convey the essence of a difficult business issue for a skeptical audience. This article is reprinted from the book, Wake Me Up When the Data Is Over: How Organizations Use Stories to Drive Results, by Lori L. Silverman (Jossey-Bass, 2006) © 2006 John Wiley & Sons. [source] Pfizer's prescription for the risky business of executive transitionsGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 1 2005Carlota Vollhardt While transitions in leadership and key expert roles can create opportunities for improvement and innovation, they also run a high risk of failure and loss of business-critical knowledge and social capital. At Pfizer, key stakeholders engage in a carefully orchestrated process that harvests know-how critical to the role going forward, transfers it to the successor, and identifies and addresses any remaining knowledge gaps. The approach also provides the successor a transition road map for accelerating learning and capitalizing on strengths while tending to business. © 2005 Carlota Vollhardt [source] Progress with Molecular Electronic Junctions: Meeting Experimental Challenges in Design and FabricationADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 43 2009Richard L. McCreery Abstract Molecular electronics seeks to incorporate molecular components as functional elements in electronic devices. There are numerous strategies reported to date for the fabrication, design, and characterization of such devices, but a broadly accepted example showing structure-dependent conductance behavior has not yet emerged. This progress report focuses on experimental methods for making both single-molecule and ensemble molecular junctions, and highlights key results from these efforts. Based on some general objectives of the field, particular experiments are presented to show progress in several important areas, and also to define those areas that still need attention. Some of the variable behavior of ostensibly similar junctions reported in the literature is attributable to differences in the way the junctions are fabricated. These differences are due, in part, to the multitude of methods for supporting the molecular layer on the substrate, including methods that utilize physical adsorption and covalent bonds, and to the numerous strategies for making top contacts. After discussing recent experimental progress in molecular electronics, an assessment of the current state of the field is presented, along with a proposed road map that can be used to assess progress in the future. [source] New road map through the land of IBDINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 6 2008Kenneth E. Hung MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Navigating with the IFRS convergence roadmapJOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 6 2009Kang Cheng The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been moving toward letting U.S. firms prepare financial statements using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), "converging" U.S. and international reporting standards. Even firms not otherwise involved in international trade may have to follow IFRSs. The author takes a close look at the SEC's proposed convergence road map, discusses the possible effects of IFRS convergence, pinpoints issues and concerns, and examines strategies to handle the changes ahead. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Selecting the right costing tool for your business needsJOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 3 2007Jim Gurowka Management accountants designing an organization's performance management system face a dizzying array of costing approaches and techniques. This article describes the current "clutter in costing," then provides a road map to help finance and accounting professionals decide which tools to use when, and how to recognize when it is time to change costing systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Communication Privacy Management Theory: What Do We Know About Family Privacy Regulation?JOURNAL OF FAMILY THEORY & REVIEW, Issue 3 2010Sandra Petronio For families, managing private information is challenging. Family members reveal too much, they allow more privacy access to outsiders than others desire, parents attempt to negotiate Internet disclosures with their teens, and family health issues often change the way private information is defined altogether. The complexities of privacy regulation call for a systematic way to grasp how privacy management operates in families. This article presents the evidenced-based theory of communication privacy management (CPM) and corresponding research on family privacy regulation that provides a road map to understand the multifaceted nature of managing private information (Petronio, 2002). The article discusses contributions of CPM to conceptualizing privacy in meaningful ways, along with current research trends and future directions for CPM research and theorizing. [source] Food regulation and trade under the WTO: ten years in perspectiveAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2007David Orden World Trade Organization; technical barriers; sanitary and phytosanitary regulations Abstract This article reviews the performance of the World Trade Organization in the oversight of national regulatory decisions affecting agricultural and food trade. A picture emerges of modest international disciplines on the regulatory decisions of sovereign nations and the need for ongoing improvements. A road map to regulations is presented and empirical assessments of the effects of technical regulation on trade are reviewed. Conflicts over sanitary and phytosanitary barriers raised in the relevant World Trade Organization committee are summarized and formal dispute settlement cases involving technical trade barriers are evaluated. Drawing on these reviews, suggestions are made for improving international food regulation. [source] An evaluation of the nursing practice environment and successful change management using the new generation Magnet ModelJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2010BETTYANNE GRANT RNBC grant b., colello s., riehle m. & dende d. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management18, 326,331 An evaluation of the nursing practice environment and successful change management using the new generation Magnet Model Aim, To discuss the new Magnet Model as it relates to the successful implementation of a practice change. Background, There is growing international interest in the Magnet Recognition Programme. The latest generation of the Magnet Model has been designed not only as a road map for organizations seeking to achieve Magnet recognition but also as a framework for nursing practice and research in the future. Evaluation, The Magnet Model was used to identify success factors related to a practice change and to evaluate the nursing practice environment. Key issues, Even when proposed changes to practice are evidence based and thoughtfully considered, the nurses' work environment must be supportive and empowering in order to yield successful and sustainable implementation of new practice. Conclusion, Success factors for implementation of a practice change can be illuminated by aligning environmental characteristics to the components of the new Magnet Model. Implications for nursing management, The Magnet Model provides an exceptional framework for building an agile and dynamic work force. Thoughtful consideration of the components and inter-relationships represented in the new model can help to both predict and ensure organizational vitality. [source] Measuring and reporting on quality in health care: A framework and road map for improving careJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 8 2009Susan E. Brien PhD Abstract Quality of care measurement and reporting at the provider, hospital, or health system level has become increasingly common in health systems around the world. Health system performance reports, whether they be confidentially distributed to the provider or made available to the public, are not only used as a stimulus for quality improvement, but can also be used to inform policy, apportion funding, or in rare cases, punish poorly performing providers. In this review, we outline several principles of quality of healthcare measurement and performance reporting, and describe a framework for optimal performance reporting that provides the greatest opportunity for the desired outcome,health system improvement. The quality reporting framework and roadmap that we present invokes opportunities for improving care in the domain of surgical oncology. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:462,466. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Towards a model of implicit feedback for Web searchJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Xin Fu Abstract This research investigated several important issues in using implicit feedback techniques to assist searchers with difficulties in formulating effective search strategies. It focused on examining the relationship between types of behavioral evidence that can be captured from Web searches and searchers' interests. A carefully crafted observation study was conducted to capture, examine, and elucidate the analytical processes and work practices of human analysts when they simulated the role of an implicit feedback system by trying to infer searchers' interests from behavioral traces. Findings provided rare insight into the complexities and nuances in using behavioral evidence for implicit feedback and led to the proposal of an implicit feedback model for Web search that bridged previous studies on behavioral evidence and implicit feedback measures. A new level of analysis termed an analytical lens emerged from the data and provides a road map for future research on this topic. [source] Defining disease-modifying therapies for PD,A road map for moving forward,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 12 2010C. Warren Olanow MD Abstract A disease-modifying therapy that slows or stops disease progression is one of the major unmet needs in the management of Parkinson's disease. To date, no therapy has been approved for disease modification despite promising laboratory data and positive results in clinical trials. This is because confounding symptomatic or pharmacologic effects cannot be excluded. The delayed start study provides an opportunity to define therapies that provide benefit that cannot be explained by an early symptomatic effect alone. However, this trial design does not necessarily provide a meaningful measure of the effect of the intervention on cumulative disability. In contrast, the long-term simple study provides a measure of the effect of the drug on cumulative disability but does not address mechanism of action. Together these two trials provide a road map for defining a disease modifying drug and determining the long term cumulative effect of the drug on the disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society [source] Addressing spiritual development in youth development programs and practices: Opportunities and challengesNEW DIRECTIONS FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, Issue 118 2008Karen Pittman If strengthening children's moral and spiritual selves is the most important challenge facing youth-serving organizations in the United States today, three things are required to respond: a clear road map of where to go and how to get there, a critical mass of champions prepared to lead the way, and candid readiness assessments and strategies for individuals and organizations ready to take on this work. More clarity is needed on defining the concepts of spiritual development and spirituality, the boundaries and bridges needed between religious and secular organizations, and the activities and practices that are both effective and allowable under separation of church and state. Immediate steps to take include engaging frontline workers across sectors and identifying strategies for integrating spiritual development into youth practice. [source] The U.S. Financial Sanctions against North KoreaPACIFIC FOCUS, Issue 1 2007Tae-Hwan Kwak In September 2005, the U.S. imposed financial restrictions on North Korea after blaming the North for illicit financial activities, including counterfeiting and money-laundering. The U.S. financial sanctions against the North had direct and immediate impact on the ongoing six-party negotiations on North Korea's nuclear issue. North Korea insisted on the lifting of U.S. financial sanctions as the precondition for returning to the negotiating table and consequently the six-party talks on North Korea's nuclear issue stalled. The third session of the fifth round of six-party talks in February 2007 produced an important accord on North Korea's nuclear question. This agreement was made possible after the U.S. and the DPRK reached a compromise on the financial sanctions issue. This article discusses the U.S. financial sanctions against North Korea and their implications for North Korea's nuclear question. It begins with an overview of the U.S. financial restrictions. This study then examines the nexus between the financial sanctions and the impasse at the six-party talks on North Korea's nuclear issue. This is followed by a discussion of the breakthrough on the financial restrictions issue and the landmark agreement on North Korea's nuclear issue in February 2007. In this study, the authors argue that a mutually satisfactory resolution of the BDA dispute holds the key to a peaceful settlement of the second North Korean nuclear crisis. With the BDA dispute behind, the six-party talks should gain momentum and prepare a road map for implementing the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. Both the U.S. and North Korea should not miss this golden opportunity and make earnest efforts to build a firm foundation for peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and in Northeast Asia. [source] Imaging techniques in the diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis in childrenPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2007F. Triulzi Sinusitis in children is a common problem. The diagnosis of both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in the pediatric population, should be made first of all clinically, and not on the basis of imaging findings alone. Plain radiography may be used as a screening method for various pathological conditions of sinuses, but computed tomography (CT) remains the study of choice for the imaging evaluation of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. In acute sinusitis, CT is indicated in patients with symptoms persisting after 10 days of appropriate therapy and in patients with suspected complications (especially in the brain and in the orbit). In addition to CT scanning, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the sinuses, orbits, and brain should be performed whenever extensive or multiple complications of sinusitis are suspected. In chronic sinusitis, CT scanning is the ,gold standard' for the diagnosis and the management, because it also provides an anatomic road map, when surgery is required. Nuclear medicine studies and ultrasound are rarely indicated in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. [source] Heavy LYFTing: KASting Pearls Before SwineAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 7 2009J. Bromberg The use of "Life Years from Transplant" (LYFT) to allocate kidneys is controversial. Several articles in this issue of AJT present critiques and analysis of KAS and LYFT and provide a road map for future progress. See Special Feature on pages 1500,1532. [source] ,Post-financial meltdown: What do the services industries need from us now?' by Roger W. Hoerl and Ronald D. Snee: Discussion 2APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, Issue 5 2009Ron S. Kenett Hoerl and Snee have done three important things in their excellent paper. First of all, they address the current work environment conditions head-on, describing the facts about the 2008 economic meltdown. Secondly, they provide a retrospective about the role of Statistics and Statisticians in service industries, thus providing a context for their third contribution, which is to lay out a clear road map with specific recommendations. This discussion paper expands their comments addressing the question they posed, namely ,what do the service industries need from us now?' It will discuss some aspects of the causes of the economic meltdown and present some methodological implications. It will then take a wide-angle view of the role of Statistics and Statisticians in business and industry and finally, revisit the recommendations of Hoerl and Snee with some add-ons and emphasis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Systematic LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method development that incorporates plasma phospholipids risk avoidance, usage of incurred sample and well thought-out chromatographyBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2010Mohammed Jemal Abstract This treatise summarizes the underlying principle and the road map for systematic LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method development. The three themes that have recently emerged as central to building quality during method development,phospholipids, incurred sample and sound chromatographic considerations,are the main focus of this article. In order to reduce the bioanalytical risk associated with plasma phospholipids, a dual approach involving extraction and chromatography is recommended. The use of incurred sample during method development is essential to avoid interference arising from drug-related components. This is different from the current practice of incurred sample reanalysis, which tests reproducibility during method application. LC column/mobile phase optimization is needed to achieve appropriate peak shape, sensitivity and the separation of the analyte from interfering metabolites and phospholipids. Related to sound chromatographic considerations, we lay out facts and myths related to UPLC, vis-à-vis HPLC. Incorporation of quality during method development avoids the costly experience of finding out by chance about the invalidity of a method after it has been used in support of a number of pivotal clinical and non-clinical studies. To this end, we put forth an outline of a protocol for a systematic LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The new World Health Organization classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours: a dermatopathological perspectiveBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002D.N. Slater Summary The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a new consensus classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, based on recognizable disease entities defined by clinical and scientific criteria. The WHO does not support the use of stand-alone organ-related classifications, such as for skin. The Royal College of Pathologists (London) has adopted the WHO classification in its minimum dataset for the histopathological reporting of lymphoma and this will be used in the National Health Service Skin Cancer Dataset. The purpose of this review is to highlight the principal primary and secondary cutaneous haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours that are defined in the WHO classification. The review also discusses selected problematical areas in the WHO classification relevant to the skin and contains suggestions to encourage a unified approach in the use of the WHO coded summary. These represent an attempt to facilitate future progress and research in the field of cutaneous lymphoma. They are perceived as possible building-blocks for wider discussion and not as alterations to the classification. The WHO classification has been compared with a road map that indicates directions for future clinical and scientific research. [source] Vignettes in Osteoporosis: A Road Map to Successful Therapeutics,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Clifford J Rosen Abstract The diagnosis and management of osteoporosis have become increasingly more complex as new drugs enter the marketplace and meta-analyses of randomized trials with "other" agents become more prolific. We describe five common clinical scenarios encountered in the practice of osteoporosis medicine and various road maps that could lead to successful therapy. Introduction: The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis have changed dramatically in the last decade. Advances in diagnostic technologies and a range of newer treatment options have provided the clinician with a wide array of choices for treating this chronic disease. Despite the issuance of several "guidelines" and practice recommendations, there still remains confusion among clinicians about basic approaches to the management of osteoporosis. This paper should be used as a case-based approach to define optimal therapeutic choices. Materials and Methods: Five representative cases were selected from two very large clinical practices (Bangor, ME; Pittsburgh, PA). Diagnostic modalities and treatment options used in these cases were selected on an evidence-based analysis of respective clinical trials. Subsequent to narrative choices by two metabolic bone disease specialists (SG and CR), calculation of future fracture risk and selection of potential alternative therapeutic regimens were reviewed and critiqued by an epidemiologist (DB). Results: A narrative about each case and possible management choices for each of the five cases are presented with references to justify selection of the various therapeutic options. Alternatives are considered and discussed based on literature and references through July 2003. The disposition of the individual patient is noted at the end of each case. Conclusions: A case-based approach to the management of osteoporosis provides a useful interface between guidelines, evidence-based meta-analyses, and clinical practice dilemmas. [source] Can the attorney-client and work-product privileges survive the annual audit?JOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 4 2009Blaise M. Sonnier The IRS has been aggressively pursuing tax accrual workpapers in court. If the IRS prevails, corporate executives who rely on the legal advice of attorneys in making decisions may be providing litigation road maps to those who sue their companies. This potential exposure of tax accrual workpapers is a wake-up call for executives. They must review their procedures for seeking and securing legal advice. The authors reveal the vital steps management must take to protect privileged documents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||