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Selected AbstractsEvidence of Robust Coupling of Atrioventricular Mechanical Function of the Right Side of the Heart: Insights from M-Mode Analysis of Annular MotionECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2008Raveen Bazaz M.D. Background: Extensive data exist regarding annular descent and ventricular function. We have already demonstrated significant differences in amplitude and timing of events between maximal mitral (MAPSE) and tricuspid (TAPSE) annular plane systolic excursion as well as described quantitative temporal differences in annular ascent (AA) between the right and left sides of the heart. However, whether any relationship exists between annular ascent and descent components remains uninvestigated. Methods: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), MAPSE, TAPSE, MV, and TV AA as well as pulsed tissue Doppler of the lateral MV and TV annuli were recorded from 53 patients. Results: In this population (age 55 ± 17 years) mean LVEF was 55 ± 19%, mean RVFAC was 47 ± 20%, mean MAPSE was 2.11 ± 0.72 cm, mean TAPSE was 1.48 ± 0.44 cm, mean MV AA was 0.52 ± 0.17 cm, TV AA was 0.96 ± 0.47, MV A-wave 0.10 ± 0.04 cm/s, and TV A-wave was 0.13 ± 0.05 cm/s. A more robust correlation was seen between TV AA and RVFAC than between MV AA and LVEF and also between TV AA and pulsed TDI TV A-wave velocity than between MV AA and pulsed TDI MV A-wave. Conclusion: Our data reveal that mechanical systolic functions of the atria and the ventricles are more closely coupled on the right than on the left side of the heart. Whether this is a result of anatomic linking or chamber geometry will require further study. [source] The role of inhibitory neurotransmission in locomotor circuits of the developing mammalian spinal cordACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 2 2009H. Nishimaru Abstract Neuronal circuits generating the basic coordinated limb movements during walking of terrestrial mammals are localized in the spinal cord. In these neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs), inhibitory synaptic transmission plays a crucial part. Inhibitory synaptic transmission mediated by glycine and GABA is thought to be essential in coordinated activation of muscles during locomotion, in particular, controlling temporal and spatial activation patterns of muscles of each joint of each limb on the left and right side of the body. Inhibition is involved in other aspects of locomotion such as control of speed and stability of the rhythm. However, the precise roles of neurotransmitters and their receptors mediating inhibitory synaptic transmission in mammalian spinal CPGs remain unclear. Moreover, many of the inhibitory interneurones essential for output pattern of the CPG are yet to be identified. In this review, recent advances on these issues, mainly from studies in the developing rodent spinal cord utilizing electrophysiology, molecular and genetic approaches are discussed. [source] Zygomatic complex fractures in a suburban Nigerian populationDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Vincent Ugboko Abstract,,, A retrospective analysis of 128 zygomatic complex fractures was undertaken. There were 109 males (85.2%) and 19 females (14.8%), aged 3,74 years (mean ± SD, 33 ± 12.6 years). Patients in the third decade of life (38.3%) recorded the highest incidence. Road traffic accidents (74.2%) mainly from automobile (61.7%) and motorcycle (9.4%) involvement were the predominant etiology. While 38.8% of them presented within the first 24 h, males were relatively earlier than their female counterparts, although this was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Class 3 fractures were the commonest (50%), followed by classes 2 (zygomatic arch) and 4, respectively. Most class 6 fractures (6.3%) resulted from gunshot injuries. There were 116 unilateral (left 63, right 53) and 12 bilateral fractures with the right side of the face recording more zygomatic arch fractures. In addition, statistical significance was observed between etiology, class and type of fracture (P < 0.05). One hundred and twenty-four (136 fractures) patients were available for treatment as four declined. Twelve cases did not require treatment while others were managed by either closed or open reduction under general anesthesia. Gillies' temporal approach was the commonest (57.1%) surgical technique employed. However the unstable nature of the fractures necessitated open reduction and transosseous wiring in 33 cases. The high prevalence of zygomatic complex fractures arising from vehicular accidents reflects the poor status of the road network in rural and suburban Nigerian communities. Hence government should improve on existing infrastructures, decongest the highways and enforce traffic laws amongst road users. In addition, the need to encourage massive investments in safer alternative transport systems is emphasized. [source] Lactic Acid Chemical Peels as a New Therapeutic Modality in Melasma in Comparison to Jessner's Solution Chemical PeelsDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2006KHALIFA E. SHARQUIE MBCHB BACKGROUND Many chemicals have been used in the skin peeling for melasma such as Jessner's solution and glycolic acid. Lactic acid is an ,-hydroxy acid that has not been used before in chemical peeling of melasma. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lactic acid in chemical peeling of melasma in comparison to Jessner's solution chemical peels. METHODS This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Hospital, in the period between April 2001 and August 2002. Thirty patients with melasma were included in this study. They were mostly of skin type IV according to Fitzpatrick's classification, 26 (86.67%) were women, and 4 (13.33%) were men, with an age range from 18 and 50 years (mean±SD, 33.53±6.96 years). Full clinical examination was done to all patients including Wood's light. The severity of melasma was assessed by MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index). Pure lactic acid full strength (92%, pH 3.5) was used as a new peeling agent on the left side of the face while Jessner's solution was applied to the right side of the face. The chemical peeling sessions were done every 3 weeks until the desired response was achieved. Follow-up was carried out for 6 months after the last session. RESULTS Six patients were defaulted from the study after the first session for unknown reasons. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Twenty (83.33%) were women and four were men (16.67%). Wood's light examination showed increased contrast in all patients of mostly epidermal melasma. The number of sessions ranged from 2 to 5. All patients showed marked improvement as calculated by MASI score before and after treatment, and the response was highly statistically significant. No side effect was recorded in all treated patients. CONCLUSION Lactic acid was found to be an effective and safe peeling agent in the treatment of melasma, and it was as effective as Jessner's solution. [source] Treatment of Inflammatory Facial Acne Vulgaris with Intense Pulsed Light and Short Contact of Topical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid: A Pilot StudyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 8 2006JINDA ROJANAMATIN MD BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and red light (550,700 nm) has been introduced for effective treatment of facial acne. Untoward side effects are common, however. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the short contact of topical ALA and intense pulsed light (IPL) in treatment of inflammatory facial acne. METHODS Fourteen patients with inflammatory facial acne were treated with IPL on the left side and combination of IPL and topical ALA on the right side at 3- to 4-week intervals for three sessions. Clinical photographs and lesion counts were obtained for evaluation. RESULTS All patients revealed a reduction in number of acne lesions on both sides. On the ALA-pretreated side, lesion counts decreased 87.7% at 12 weeks after the last treatment (p<.01). Meanwhile, lesion counts on the nonpretreated side decreased 66.8% (p<.01). In addition, a number of lesion counts on the ALA-pretreated side decreased. Mild edema and minimal crust developed on the combined-treatment side. CONCLUSION Short contact of topical ALA and IPL or IPL alone showed some beneficial effect in treatment of inflammatory facial acne; however, degree of improvement was better and remained longer with the combined regimen. Side effects were mild and reversible. [source] Asymmetric formation and possible function of the primary pore canal in plutei of Temnopleurus hardwickiDEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION, Issue 4 2003Yoshinobu Hara The development and possible function of the primary pore canal (PPC) in plutei of the sea urchin Temnopleurus hardwicki was examined by immunochemistry, electron microscopy and microsurgery. Left and right PPC that extended from coelomic sacs in plutei contained a bundle of cilia with a 9 + 2 structure that was initially detected as a group of anti-acetylated tubulin antibody-binding granules in the epithelium of coelomic sacs in 28 h postfertilization (PF) prism larvae. The granules extended to be a bundle of fibers toward the larval dorsal surface, concurrent with formation of the PPC on both sides, over the next 4 h. The cilia in both PPC beat actively. However, the PPC on the right side disappeared by approximately 55 h PF, establishing left,right asymmetry by 60 h PF (the four-arm pluteus stage). The numbers of cilia in the left and right PPC in 56 h PF plutei were five and eight, respectively. Microsurgical removal of the coelomic sac from both sides or the left side only from 26 h PF prism larvae decreased body width to 64 and 91% of normal width by 50 h PF pluteus stage, respectively, whereas that of the right PPC did not. These observations suggest that PPC contribute to the maintenance of normal body width, and that there is asymmetrical activity between the left and right PPC. [source] Polycomblike-2 -deficient mice exhibit normal left,right asymmetryDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 3 2007Shusheng Wang Abstract Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are required for maintaining the repressed state of developmentally important genes such as homeotic genes. Polycomblike (Pcl), a member of PcG genes with two characteristic PHD finger motifs, was shown to strongly enhance the effects of PcG genes in Drosophila. Three Pcl genes exist in the mouse genome, with their function largely unknown. Our previous studies demonstrate that the chick Pcl2 is essential for the left,right asymmetry by silencing Shh expression in the right side of the node (Wang et al., [2004b] Development 131:4381,4391). To elucidate the in vivo role of mouse Pcl2, we generated Pcl2 mutant mice. Phenotypic analyses indicate the normal development of left,right asymmetry in the Pcl2 mutant mice. However, Pcl2 mutant mice exhibit posterior transformation of axial skeletons and other phenotypic defects, with a relatively low penetrance. These results demonstrate that Pcl2 is dispensable for the normal left,right axis development in mice. Developmental Dynamics 236:853,861, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mediolateral intercalation in planarians revealed by grafting experimentsDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 2 2003Yumi Saito Abstract We investigated how planarians organize their left,right axis by using ectopic grafting. Planarians have three body axes: anteroposterior (A-P), dorsoventral (D-V), and left,right (L-R). When a small piece is implanted into an ectopic region along the A-P and D-V axes, intercalary structures are always formed to compensate for positional gaps. There are two hypotheses regarding L-R axis formation in this organism: first, that the left and right sides of the animal may be recognized as different parts, and L-R intercalation can induce midline structures (asymmetry hypothesis); second, that both sides may have symmetrical positional values, and mediolateral (M-L) intercalation creates positional values along the L-R axis (symmetry hypothesis). We performed ectopic grafting experiments in the head region of the planarian, Dugesia japonica, to examine these hypotheses. A left lateral fragment containing a left auricle was implanted into the medial region of the host. Ectopic structures were always formed only on the left side of the graft, where lateral tissues abutted onto the medial tissues. However, no morphologic change was induced on the right side of the graft, where left-sided tissues faced onto right-sided tissues. Molecular marker analyses indicated that ectopic structures formed on the left side of the graft were induced by M-L intercalation, supporting the "symmetry hypothesis." When the midline tissues were implanted into a lateral region, they induced a complete ectopic head, demonstrating that M-L intercalation may be sufficient to establish the L-R axis in planarians. Developmental Dynamics 226:334,340, 2003.© 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The evolutionary psychology of left and right: Costs and benefits of lateralizationDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Giorgio VallortigaraArticle first published online: 2 AUG 200 Abstract Why do the left and right sides of the vertebrate brain play different functions? Having a lateralized brain, in which each hemisphere carries out different functions, is ubiquitous among vertebrates. The different specialization of the left and right side of the brain may increase brain efficiency,and some evidence for that is reported here. However, lateral biases due to brain lateralization (such as preferences in the use of a limb or, in animals with laterally placed eyes, of a visual hemifield) usually occur at the population level, with most individuals showing similar direction of bias. Individual brain efficiency does not require the alignment of lateralization in the population. Why then are not left- and right-type individuals equally common? Not only humans, but most vertebrates show a similar pattern. For instance, in the paper I report evidence that most toads, chickens, and fish react faster when a predator approaches from the left. I argue that invoking individual brain efficiency (lateralization may increase fitness), evolutionary chance or direct genetic mechanisms cannot explain this widespread pattern. Instead, using concepts from mathematical theory of games, I show that alignment of lateralization at the population level may arise as an "evolutionarily stable strategy" when individually asymmetrical organisms must coordinate their behavior with that of other asymmetrical organisms. Thus, the population structure of lateralization may result from genes specifying the direction of asymmetries which have been selected under "social" pressures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 418,427, 2006. [source] Patterns of commonness and rarity in central European birds: reliability of the core-satellite hypothesis within a large scaleECOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2002David Storch The frequency distribution of species' area of occupancy is often bimodal, most species being either very rare or very common in terms of number of occupied sites. This pattern has been attributed to the nonlinearity associated with metapopulation dynamics of the species, but there are also other explanations comprising sampling artifact and frequency distribution of suitable habitats. We tested whether the bimodal frequency distribution of occupied squares in central European birds could be derived solely from the frequency distribution of species population sizes (i.e. the sampling artifact hypothesis) or from the spatial distribution of their preferred habitats. Both models predict high proportion of very common species, i.e. the right side of frequency distribution. Bimodality itself is well predicted by models based on random placement of individuals according to their abundances but neither model predicts the observed prevalence of rare species. Even the combined models that assume random placement of individuals within the squares with suitable habitat do not predict such a high proportion of rare species. The observed distribution is more aggregated, rare species occupying a smaller portion of suitable habitat than predicted on the basis of their abundance. The pattern is consistent with metapopulation processes involving local population extinctions. The involvement of these processes is supported by two further observations. First, species rarity is associated with significant population trend and/or location on the edge of their ranges within central Europe, both situations presumably associated with metapopulation processes. Second, suitable habitats seem to be either saturated or almost unoccupied, which is consistent with the predictions of the metapopulation model based on nonlinear dynamics of extinction and colonization. Although the habitat suitability is an important determinant of species distribution, the rarity of many species of birds within this scale of observation seems to be affected by other factors, including local population extinctions associated with fragmentation of species' habitats. [source] Systematic and morphological studies of the genus Chaetopleurophora Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae) occurring in JapanENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007Hiroto NAKAYAMA Abstract Japanese species of the genus Chaetopleurophora are reviewed. All belong to the C. erythronota group. The following three species from Japan are described: C. rhomboidea sp. nov., C. pygidialis Schmitz and C. dividua sp. nov. The male and female genitalia are studied and further examples of unique characters of the genus including asymmetric features are added. The male aedeagus of the genus is illustrated for the first time. The aedeagus of the species treated in this study consists of only two components, the inner core plate and the outer jacket plate. The jacket plate wraps sinistrally around the core plate. The combination of the core plate and the jacket plate forms complex, asymmetric features of the aedeagus in the Phoridae. The structure around the genital opening in the female genitalia protrudes posteriorly under the segment IX + X, and shows asymmetric features in C. rhomboidea sp. nov. with a bilaterally different degree of sclerotization, shifted genital opening to the right side and a membranous ribbon just on the left side. In addition, C. dividua sp. nov. is different from most of the species in the C. erythronota group, and very closely related to C. multiseriata (known in North America) in the male and female genitalia, wing venation and bristle formation on the scutellum. It is suggested that C. dividua sp. nov. forms a monophyletic group with C. multiseriata and the related species. [source] Language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy using functional MRI and probabilistic tractographyEPILEPSIA, Issue 8 2008Sebastian Rodrigo Summary Purpose: Language functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to noninvasively assess hemispheric language specialization as part of the presurgical work-up in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). White matter asymmetries on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be related to language specialization as shown in controls and TLE. To refine our understanding of the effect of epilepsy on the structure,function relationships, we focused on the arcuate fasciculus (ArcF) and the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus (IOF) and tested the relationship between DTI- and fMRI-based lateralization indices in TLE. Methods: fMRI with three language tasks and DTI were obtained in 20 patients (12 right and 8 left TLE). The ArcF, a major language-related tract, and the IOF were segmented bilaterally using probabilistic tractography to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) lateralization indices. These were correlated with fMRI-based lateralization indices computed in the inferior frontal gyrus (Pearson's correlation coefficient). Results: fMRI indices were left-lateralized in 16 patients and bilateral or right-lateralized in four. In the ArcF, FA was higher on the left than on the right side, reaching significance in right but not in left TLE. We found a positive correlation between ArcF anisotropy and fMRI-based lateralization indices in right TLE (p < 0.009), but not in left TLE patients. No correlation was observed for the IOF. Conclusions: Right TLE patients with more left-lateralized functional activations also showed a leftward-lateralized arcuate fasciculus. The decoupling between the functional and structural indices of the ArcF underlines the complexity of the language network in left TLE patients. [source] Discharge patterns of neurons in the medial pontobulbar reticular formation during fictive mastication in the rabbitEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 10 2001K.-G. Westberg Abstract In this study, we describe functional characteristics of neurons forming networks generating oral ingestive motor behaviours. Neurons in medial reticular nuclei on the right side of the brainstem between the trigeminal and hypoglossal motor nuclei were recorded in anaesthetized and paralysed rabbits during two types of masticatory-like motor patterns induced by electrical stimulation of the left (contralateral) or right (ipsilateral) cortical masticatory areas. Sixty-seven neurons in nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (nPontc), nucleus reticularis parvocellularis (nParv), and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (Rgc) were studied. These were classified as phasic or tonic depending on their firing pattern during the fictive jaw movement cycle. Phasic neurons located in the dorsal part of nPontc were active during the jaw opening phase, whilst those in dorsal nParv tended to fire during the closing phase. In most neurons, burst duration and firing frequency changed between the two motor patterns, but there was little change in phase of firing. Tonic units were mainly recorded in the ventral half of nPontc, and at the junction between Rgc and caudal nParv. Cortical inputs with short latency from the contralateral masticatory area were more frequent in phasic (82%) than tonic (44%) neurons, whilst inputs from the ipsilateral cortex were equal in the two subgroups (57% and 56%). Phasic neurons had significantly shorter mean contralateral than ipsilateral cortical latencies, whilst there was no difference among tonic neurons. Intra- and perioral primary afferent inputs activated both types of neurons at oligo-synaptic latencies. Our results show that subpopulations of neurons in medial reticular nuclei extending from the caudal part of the trigeminal motor nucleus to the rostral third of the hypoglossal motor nucleus are active during the fictive masticatory motor behaviour. Unlike masticatory neurons in the lateral tegmentum, the medial subpopulations are spatially organized according to discharge pattern. [source] Functional reconstitution of the HIV receptors CCR5 and CD4 in liposomesFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 21 2002François Devesa Reconstitution of membrane proteins allows their study in a membrane environment that can be manipulated at will. Because membrane proteins have diverse biophysical properties, reconstitution methods have so far been developed for individual proteins on an ad hoc basis. We developed a postinsertion reconstitution method for CCR5, a G protein coupled receptor, with seven transmembrane ,,helices and small ecto- and endodomains. A His6 -tagged version of CCR5 was expressed in mammalian cells, purified using the detergent N -dodecyl-,- d -maltoside (DDM) and reconstituted into preformed liposomal membranes saturated with DDM, removing the detergent with hydrophobic polystyrene beads. We then attempted to incorporate CD4, a protein with a single transmembrane helix and a large hydrophilic ectodomain into liposomal membranes, together with CCR5. Surprisingly, reconstitution of this protein was also achieved by the method. Both proteins were found to be present together in individual liposomes. The reconstituted CCR5 was recognized by several monoclonal antibodies, recognized its natural ligand, and CD4 bound a soluble form of gp120, a subunit of the HIV fusion protein that uses CD4 as a receptor. Moreover, cells expressing the entire fusion protein of HIV bound to the liposomes, indicating that the proteins were intact and that most of them were oriented right side out. Thus, functional coreconstitution of two widely different proteins can be achieved by this method, suggesting that it might be useful for other proteins. [source] Electroacupuncture for Tension-type Headache on Distal Acupoints Only: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover TrialHEADACHE, Issue 4 2004C. C. L. Xue PhD Objective.,To investigate the efficacy of electroacupuncture, applied to distal acupoints only, for tension-type headache. Background.,Electroacupuncture is commonly used for tension-type headache, but when applied to distal acupoints only, evidence of its efficacy is lacking. Design.,A randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Methods.,The trial had 5 stages: baseline (2 weeks), phases I and II (each 4 weeks), washout period (2 weeks), and follow-up (3 months after phase II). Forty patients were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. Group A received real electroacupuncture during phase I, then sham electroacupuncture in phase II. Group B received the treatments in reverse order. Outcome measures were headache frequency and duration, pain intensity using a visual analog scale, mechanical pain threshold, headache disability, and sickness impact. Data were analyzed by univariate 2-way analysis of variance. Results.,Thirty-seven patients completed the trial. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline. At the end of phase I, group A, but not group B, demonstrated significant improvement in mean (standard error of the mean [SEM]) headache frequency (3.0 per month [0.3] versus 12.0 per month [1.7]), duration (13.3 hours [3.5] versus 32.0 hours [6.2]), pain intensity (32.8 mm [4.1] versus 47.5 mm [2.7]), pain threshold (right side, 2.9 kg/second [0.1] versus 0.9 kg/second [0.1]; left side, 2.4 kg/second [0.1] versus 1.1 kg/second [0.1]), headache disability score (6.0 [1.0] versus 16.3 [1.6]), and sickness impact score (288.7 [48.0] versus 687.1 [77.2]). For each parameter, significant differences also were demonstrated for both groups between baseline and phase II, and baseline and follow-up. There were no significant differences between the groups at the end of follow-up (P > .05). Conclusion.,Electroacupuncture to distal points alone is effective for short-term symptomatic relief of tension-type headache. [source] Infant-holding biases in mothers and affective symptoms during pregnancy and after deliveryINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2009Jacques Vauclair Abstract Several authors have reported that participants have a leftward bias when holding a newborn or young infant. Our study of mothers met before and after their infant's birth sought to ascertain whether particular combinations of affective symptoms (depression, anxiety) and holding positions (horizontal versus vertical) were related to holding-side biases. Our results showed that (a) mothers displayed a significant leftward (71%) holding bias, (b) mothers with affective symptoms held their newborn on the right side and more frequently in the vertical position, and (c) hemispheric specialization for perceiving visual emotions had no significant effect on the holding-side biases of new mothers. These results suggest that maternal affective symptoms have a dominant effect on the determination of holding-side preferences, when associated with a particular holding position. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Relationship between ambient temperature and heat flux in the scrotal skinINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 4 2009G.-S. Song Summary Excessive scrotal heating or cooling may lead to the cessation of spermatogenesis. Data regarding heat exchange rates in scrotal skin can be used to control testicular temperature within the appropriate range. Heat flux (HF) in the scrotal skin surface is generated based on the surrounding environment. This study aims to elucidate the HF of scrotal skin by varying ambient temperature. Twenty college students including seven varicoceles volunteered as the subjects (mean age: 22.95 ± SD 1.96 years; height: 175.00 ± 5.17 cm; weight: 68.40 ± 8.65 kg; body mass index: 22.28 ± 2.15), and participated in the experiments from September 11 to October 4, 2006. The environmental temperature was controlled at 20 °C and 25 °C in the first and second experiment respectively. The HF and skin temperature on both sides of the scrotal surface were measured for 60 min in the environmental chamber. The results revealed that the HF was 87.64 ± 12.69 W/m2 and 78.91 ± 12.09 W/m2 in the left and right side of the scrotum respectively. The scrotal skin temperature (SST) was 30.28 ± 0.75 °C and 30.24 ± 0.62 °C on the left and right side of the scrotum in the 20 °C environment respectively. In the 25 °C environment the HF was 53.54 ± 8.86 W/m2 and 45.25 ± 8.32 W/m2, and the SST was 32.29 ± 0.61 °C and 32.07 ± 0.36 °C on the left and right side of the scrotum respectively. The cooling source power to decrease testicular temperature is suggested at 290 W/m2. This suggested value could be adopted a cooling device as clinical therapy for a heat stress patient to decrease testicular temperature affecting spermatogenesis. [source] Direct Observation of Inversion Domain Boundaries of GaN on c -Sapphire at Sub-ångstrom Resolution,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 11 2008Fude Liu Inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) of GaN are studied by a high-resolution technique. The IDB separates adjacent domains of opposite polarity. The image shows a GaN IDB in the [bar;2110] projection. The theoretical IDB structure fits the experimentally obtained structure well. The inset is an image acquired from a very thin region on the right side of the IDB. It can indicate the polarity of GaN directly. [source] Multiple eccrine spiradenomas in a linear or zosteriform distribution involving the right side of the bodyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2008Zhifang Zhai PhD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Leprosy in type I reaction and diabetes mellitus in a patient with HIV infectionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2002Alamengada D. Belliappa MBBS A 24-year-old man was referred to our department with history of a pale red raised lesion over the right side of the face with impaired sensation of 3 months' duration. He also had generalized weakness and increased thirst for the past 1 month. He had been treated with multidrug therapy for leprosy for 3 months and oral prednisolone for 1 month by his general practitioner. He also presented with a history of multiple sexual exposures with commercial sex workers and an ulcer over the penis 2 years ago, which healed spontaneously. [source] Ultrastructure of pitted keratolysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2000Hiram L. De Almeida Jr MD A 20-year-old man presented with pitted keratolysis (PK), demonstrating the typical crateriform pits on the hallux ( Fig. 1), ball of the foot, and on the interdigital surface. The involved keratin specimen was obtained by a shaving technique and processed for transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. The patient, who wore only sports shoes, had hyperhidrosis plantaris. He was treated with topical erythromycin with good results. Bacterial cultures from the lesions showed Corynebacterium sp. Figure 1. Crateriform pits on the hallux TEM demonstrated filamentous coccoid bacteria in the keratin ( Fig. 2), showing transversal septations. Tunnel-like spaces were built inside the horny layer, where the bacteria showed a hairy surface ( Fig. 3). Figure 2. Bacteria inside the stratum corneum (TEM, ×,25,000) Figure 3. Hairy surface from the causative agent (TEM, ×,106,000) Crateriform pits ( Fig. 4) and small incipient lesions ( Fig. 5) were easily identified on the plantar surface by SEM. On examination of the floor of these lesions, tunnel openings were found ( Fig. 6) in which bacteria could be observed. With higher magnification, the transversal septation, seen by TEM, was also shown with SEM ( Fig. 7). The normal appearing plantar skin was also examined, showing incipient bacterial colonies with tunnels without keratin loss ( Fig. 8). Figure 4. Pitted keratolysis with two incipient lesions on the right side (SEM, ×,77.5) Figure 5. Higher magnification of the incipient lesion from the right upper corner of Fig. 4 (SEM, ×,310) Figure 6. Tunnel openings in the floor of the pits (SEM, ×,15,500) Figure 7. Details of the bacteria; note the transversal septation (SEM, ×,31,000) Figure 8. The causative agent in tunnels in normal appearing skin (SEM, ×,4650) [source] Effects of restricted thoracic movement on the regional distribution of ventilationACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2010S. PULLETZ Background: Restricted thoracic movement is often encountered in patients, necessitating mechanical ventilation during surgery or intensive care treatment. High intraabdominal pressure, obesity or thorax rigidity and deformity reduce the chest distensibility and deteriorate the lung function. They render the selection of proper ventilator settings difficult and complicate the weaning process. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is currently being proposed as a bedside imaging method for monitoring regional lung ventilation. The objective of our study was to establish whether the effects of decreased chest compliance on regional lung ventilation can be determined by EIT. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were studied in our pilot study under three conditions: (1) unrestricted breathing and (2) restricted breathing by abdominal and (3) lower rib cage strapping. The subjects were followed during spontaneous tidal breathing in five postures (sitting, supine, prone, left and right side). EIT and spirometry data were acquired in each condition. Results: The distribution of ventilation in subjects with unrestricted breathing corresponded with the physiologically expected values. In the left and right lateral postures, abdominal and thoracic cage restrictions reduced the ventilation in the dependent lung areas; the non-dependent areas were unaffected. In the prone position, the ventilation of the dependent and non-dependent areas was reduced. The effects of strapping were least pronounced in the supine posture. Conclusions: We conclude that EIT is able to measure changes in the regional distribution of ventilation induced by restricted chest movement and has the potential for optimising artificial ventilation in patients with limited chest compliance of different origins. [source] Limb bones asymmetry and stress in medieval and recent populations of Central EuropeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 5 2008M. Kujanová Abstract Monitoring the degree of asymmetry in different parts of the human body can contribute to population studies, as it may be connected indirectly with the social structure, living conditions, and also with biomechanical stress affecting the person. Analysis of asymmetry may also assess preferential use of the right or left of the body during specific activities. This study is based on the measurements of bones of the upper and lower limbs of skeletons derived from the remarkable medieval cemeteries of Mikul,ice-Kostelisko (78 male, 132 female) and Pru,ánky (66 male, 69 female) (9th,12th centuries AD), and a series of skeletons representing a recent population from Bohemia (143 male, 157 female). The objective was to assess directional asymmetry (DA), fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and antisymmetry (AS) of the dimensions of the evaluated bones, and to use these data to compare the characteristics of the medieval and recent populations. DA was recorded in most dimensions. In the upper limb, the humerus exhibited the greatest expression of asymmetry, and, with the exception of the clavicle, DA was always more pronounced on the right side. Conversely, DA was less prevalent in the lower limb bones. It was more pronounced on the transverse, sagittal and circumferential dimensions of the diaphyses and epiphyses than on the length, and in most cases it was on the left side. The FA values were very low, and almost negligible in relation to the size. Nevertheless, FA was markedly more frequent on the lower than on the upper limb. In contrast to the medieval population, the recent population had higher FA and DA values. Thus, we propose that people from this medieval population were subjected to lower developmental stress than the recent sample. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Breast lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome complicated by acute monocular blindnessINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 2 2010Helmar F. SOLDEVILLA Abstract A 69-year-old hypertensive woman presented with eye and mouth dryness, bilateral parotid gland enlargement, associated with anasarca and proteinuria. Family history was notable for malignancies including breast, nasopharyngeal and colon cancers. Physical exam disclosed hypertension, bilaterally enlarged, firm, non-tender parotid glands, fine bibasilar crackles and bipedal edema. Anti Ro/Sjögren's syndrome antigen A antibody was positive, with negative tests for anti La/Sjögren's syndrome antigen B and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). Chest radiographs showed basal infiltrates. Sjögren's syndrome associated with glomerulonephritis and interstitial lung disease was diagnosed, and she received pulse methylprednisololone followed by oral prednisone with dramatic improvement. Two months later, while on prednisone 5 mg/day, she returned to the clinic with an enlarging fixed non-tender right breast mass. She underwent modified radical mastectomy of the right breast, and pathologic report revealed diffuse, small cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast; axillary lymph nodes were negative for tumor. She opted for alternative therapy and did not return to the clinic until 7 months later when she developed sudden monocular blindness in the right eye with no other systemic manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed swelling and enhancement of intracanalicular and pre-chiasmatic segments of the right optic nerve and right side of the optic chiasm. Considerations were Devic's disease versus metastases. She received pulse methylprednisolone therapy (1 g/day for 3 days) with partial recovery of vision. She is scheduled for lymphoma chemotherapy to include rituximab. [source] Nordic rattle: the hoarse vocalization and the inflatable laryngeal air sac of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 2 2007Roland Frey Abstract Laryngeal air sacs have evolved convergently in diverse mammalian lineages including insectivores, bats, rodents, pinnipeds, ungulates and primates, but their precise function has remained elusive. Among cervids, the vocal tract of reindeer has evolved an unpaired inflatable ventrorostral laryngeal air sac. This air sac is not present at birth but emerges during ontogenetic development. It protrudes from the laryngeal vestibulum via a short duct between the epiglottis and the thyroid cartilage. In the female the growth of the air sac stops at the age of 2,3 years, whereas in males it continues to grow up to the age of about 6 years, leading to a pronounced sexual dimorphism of the air sac. In adult females it is of moderate size (about 100 cm3), whereas in adult males it is large (3000,4000 cm3) and becomes asymmetric extending either to the left or to the right side of the neck. In both adult females and males the ventral air sac walls touch the integument. In the adult male the air sac is laterally covered by the mandibular portion of the sternocephalic muscle and the skin. Both sexes of reindeer have a double stylohyoid muscle and a thyroepiglottic muscle. Possibly these muscles assist in inflation of the air sac. Head-and-neck specimens were subjected to macroscopic anatomical dissection, computer tomographic analysis and skeletonization. In addition, isolated larynges were studied for comparison. Acoustic recordings were made during an autumn round-up of semi-domestic reindeer in Finland and in a small zoo herd. Male reindeer adopt a specific posture when emitting their serial hoarse rutting calls. Head and neck are kept low and the throat region is extended. In the ventral neck region, roughly corresponding to the position of the large air sac, there is a mane of longer hairs. Neck swelling and mane spreading during vocalization may act as an optical signal to other males and females. The air sac, as a side branch of the vocal tract, can be considered as an additional acoustic filter. Individual acoustic recognition may have been the primary function in the evolution of a size-variable air sac, and this function is retained in mother,young communication. In males sexual selection seems to have favoured a considerable size increase of the air sac and a switch to call series instead of single calls. Vocalization became restricted to the rutting period serving the attraction of females. We propose two possibilities for the acoustic function of the air sac in vocalization that do not exclude each other. The first assumes a coupling between air sac and the environment, resulting in an acoustic output that is a combination of the vocal tract resonance frequencies emitted via mouth and nostrils and the resonance frequencies of the air sac transmitted via the neck skin. The second assumes a weak coupling so that resonance frequencies of the air sac are lost to surrounding tissues by dissipation. In this case the resonance frequencies of the air sac solely influence the signal that is further filtered by the remaining vocal tract. According to our results one acoustic effect of the air sac in adult reindeer might be to mask formants of the vocal tract proper. In other cervid species, however, formants of rutting calls convey essential information on the quality of the sender, related to its potential reproductive success, to conspecifics. Further studies are required to solve this inconsistency. [source] Behavioral and morphological asymmetries in chukar Alectoris chukar copulationJOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005David J. Delehanty Birds often exhibit greater reproductive tract development on the left side than right side. Behavioral evidence from the three species for which data has been published indicates that these species copulate more frequently on the left side of females than on the right side. Missing from the literature are studies that compare asymmetry in copulation behavior to asymmetry in reproductive tract morphology of the same individuals of both sexes within a single species. To better understand the potential for cryptic sexual selection to influence avian copulation, we measured asymmetries in chukar Alectoris chukar copulation using 24 male and 29 female chukar brought into captivity from the wild. Chukar copulated (n=37) more from the left side (n=30) of females than the right side (n=7). The left testis of males was consistently greater in size, mass and volume than the right testis. The left ovary and oviduct of females was consistently functional with no observable development of the right ovary or oviduct. Left-side bias in direction of copulation, larger left testes, and functional left vaginal openings may act in concert to deliver spermatozoa to the oviduct, promoting fertilization. [source] Safe and Effective Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Importance of Esophageal Temperature Monitoring to Avoid Periesophageal Nerve Injury as a Complication of Pulmonary Vein IsolationJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009TAISHI KUWAHARA M.D. Introduction: Catheter ablation on the left atrial posterior wall has been reported to potentially damage the esophagus or periesophageal vagal nerve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of esophageal temperature monitoring (ETM) in preventing esophageal or periesophageal vagal nerve injury in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Methods: This study included 359 patients with drug-refractory AF who underwent extensive PV isolation. The first 152 patients were treated without ETM (non-ETM) and the last 207 with ETM. In the ETM group, the esophageal temperature (ET) was measured with a deflectable temperature probe that was placed close to the ablation electrode, and the radiofrequency energy applications were stopped when the ET reached 42°C. Results: In all patients in the ETM group, the ET increased to 42°C in at least one site by 28 ± 14 seconds, mostly along the right side of the left PVs, especially near the left inferior PV. Less energy (6.3 ± 1.9 × 104 J) was required for PV isolation in the ETM group than that in the non-ETM (6.8 ± 1.9 ×104 J, P = 0.03). Gastric hypomotility owing to periesophageal nerve damage was observed in three patients in the non-ETM group, but in none in the ETM (P = 0.02). The recurrence rates of AF did not differ between the two groups (non-ETM, 29%; ETM, 27%). Conclusion: Titration of the duration of the ablation energy delivery while monitoring the ET could prevent periesophageal nerve injury due to the AF ablation, without decreasing the success rate of maintaining sinus rhythm. [source] Effect of enamel matrix proteins (Emdogain®) on healing after re-implantation of "periodontally compromised" rootsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2003An experimental study in the dog Abstract Objective: The present experiment was performed to assess whether Emdogain® applied on the root surface of extracted teeth or teeth previously exposed to root planning can protect the tooth from ankylosis following re-implantation. Material and Methods: The experiment included two groups of dogs, including five animals each. The root canals of all mandibular third premolars (3 P 3) were reamed and filled with gutta-percha. A crestal incision was placed from the area of the second to the fourth premolar. Buccal and lingual full thickness flaps were elevated. With the use of a fissure bur, the crown and furcation area of 3 P 3 were severed in an apico-coronal cut. The distal and mesial tooth segments were luxated with an elevator and extracted with forceps. Group A: The mesial and distal segments of 3 P 3 were air dried on a glass surface for 60 min. The roots from the right side were conditioned and exposed to Emdogain® application. The roots from the left side received the same treatment with the exception of Emdogain® application. The mesial and distal tooth segments were re-implanted and the crown portions were severed with a horizontal cut and removed. The buccal and lingual flaps were mobilized and sutured to obtain complete coverage of the submerged roots. Group B: A notch was prepared in each root, 4,5 mm apical of the cemento-enamel junction. The area of the root that was located coronal to the notch was scaled and planned. The roots in the right side of the mandible were treated with Emdogain®, while the roots in the left side served as controls. After 6 months of healing, the dogs were killed and blocks containing one root with surrounding tissues were harvested, and prepared for histological examination, which also included morphometric assessments. Thus, the proportions of the roots that exhibited signs of (i) replacement (ii) inflammatory and (iii) surface resorption were calculated. Results and Conclusion: It was demonstrated that healing of a re-implanted root that had been extracted and deprived of vital cementoblasts was characterized by processes that included root resorption, ankylosis and new attachment formation. It was also demonstrated that Emdogain® treatment, i.e. conditioning with EDTA and placement of enamel matrix proteins on the detached root surface, failed to interfere with the healing process. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Untersuchung, ob Emdogain®, wenn es auf die Wurzeloberfläche extrahierter Zähne oder von Zähnen, die zuvor eine Wurzelglättung bekommen haben, appliziert wird, die Zähne nach Reimplantation vor Ankylose schützen kann. Material und Methoden: Die Studie wurde bei 2 Gruppen von Hunden durchgeführt, die je 5 Tiere umfasste. Die Wurzelkanäle aller 3. Prämolaren des Unterkiefers (3 P 3) wurden aufbereitet und mit Guttapercha gefüllt. Ein Schnitt auf dem Limbus alveolaris wurde vom 2. zum 4 Prämolaren geführt. Bukkal und lingual wurde ein Vollschichtlappen mobilisiert. Mit einem Fissurenbohrer wurden die 3 P 3 mit einem Schnitt in koronoapikaler Richtung im Bereich der Krone und der Furkation geteilt. Die distalen und mesialen Zahnsegmente wurden mit einem Elevator luxiert und mit einer Zange extrahiert. Gruppe A: Die mesialen und distalen Segmente von 3 P 3 wurden auf einer Glasoberfläche 60 min lang luftgetrocknet. Die Wurzeln der rechten Seite wurden konditioniert und mit Emdogain® beschickt. Die Wurzeln der linken Seite erhielten die gleiche Behandlung mit der Ausnahme, dass keine Applikation von Emdogain® erfolgte. Die mesialen und distalen Wurzeln wurden reimplantiert und die Kronenanteile durch einen horizontalen Schnitt getrennt und entfernt. Die bukkalen und lingualen Lappen wurden mobilisiert und durch Naht ein vollständiger Verschluss der reimplantierten Wurzeln erreicht. Gruppe B: In jede Wurzel wurde 4,5 mm apikal der Schmelz-Zement-Grenze eine Kerbe präpariert. Der Bereich der Wurzel, der koronal dieser Kerbe lag, wurde gescalt und wurzelgeglättet. Die Wurzeln der rechten Unterkieferseite wurden mit Emdogain® behandelt, während die Wurzeln der linken Seite als Kontrolle dienten. Nach einer Heilung von 6 Monaten wurden die Hunde getötet und Blöcke, die eine Wurzel und das umgebende Gewebe enthielten, gewonnen und für die histologische Untersuchung präpariert, die auch morphometrische Befunde einschloss. Es wurden also die Anteile der Wurzeln berechnet, die Zeichen von (i) Ersatz- (ii) entzündlicher und (iii) Oberflächenresorption zeigten. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Heilung von reimplantierten Wurzeln, die extrahiert und von vitalen Zementoblasten befreit worden waren, durch Prozesse charakterisiert war, die Wurzelresorption, Ankylose und die Bildung neuen Attachments umfassten. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Behandlung mit Emdogain®, d.h. Konditionierung mit EDTA und Applikation des Schmelz-Matrix-Proteins auf die freie Wurzeloberfläche diesen Heilungsprozess nicht beeinflussen konnte. Résumé Objectif: Cette expérimentation fut réalisée pour déterminer si Emdogain® appliqué sur la surface radiculaire de dents extraites ou de dents préalablement soumises à un surfaçage radiculaire pouvait protéger la dent de l'ankylose après réimplantation. Matériel et Méthodes: L'expérience comprenait 2 groupes de 5 chiens. Les canaux radiculaires de toutes les troisièmes premolaires mandibulaires (3 P 3) furent alésés et bouchés à la gutta-percha. Une incision crestale de la deuxième à la quatrième prémolaire permit de soulever un lambeau de pleine épaisseur vestibulaire et lingual. La couronne et la zone de furcation de 3 P 3 furent découpées à l'aide d'une fraise fissure d'apical en coronaire. Les segments distaux et mésiaux furent luxés avec un élévateur et extraits avec un davier. Groupe A: Les segments mésiaux et distaux de 3 P 3 furent séchés à l'air sur une plaque de verre pendant 60 min. Les racines du coté droit furent préparées et imprégnées d' Emdogain®. Les racines gauches reçurent le même traitement sans application d'Emdogain ®. Les segments mésiaux et distaux furent alors réimplantés et les couronnes découpées par un trait horizontal et éliminées. Les lambeaux vestibulaires et linguaux furent déplacés et suturés pour obtenir un recouvrement complet des racines enfouies. Groupe B: Une entaille a été préparée sur chaque racine, à 4,5 mm en apical de la jonction amélo-cémentaire. La surface de racine située coronairement à cette entaille fut alors détartrée et surfacée. Les racines du coté droit furent traitées par Emdogain® alors que les racines du coté gauche firent office de contrôle. Après 6 mois de cicatrisation, les chiens furent sacrifiés et des blocs contenant une racine et les tissus environnant furent prélevés pour un examen histologique et morphométrique. Ainsi, les proportions de racine présentant des signes de (i) remplacement (ii) d'inflammation et (iii) de résorption furent calculées. Résultats et conclusion: Nous avons démontré que la cicatrisation de racine réimplantées après extraction et élimination des cémentoblastes se caractérisait par un processus qui comprenait résorption radiculaire, ankylose et formation d'une nouvelle attache. Nous avons aussi démontré que le traitement par Emdogain®, c'est à dire conditionnement à l'EDTA et mise en place de protéines de la matrice améllaire sur la surface radiculaire, ne pouvait pas interférer avec le processus de cicatrisation. [source] The effect of a fibrin glue on the integration of Bio-Oss® with bone tissueJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2002An experimental study in labrador dogs Abstract Background: Bio-Oss® is a deproteinized bovine mineral used in bone augmentation procedures. The particles are often mixed with a protein product (Tisseel®) to form a mouldable graft material. Aim: The aim of the present experiment was to study the healing of self-contained bone defects after the placement of Bio-Oss® particles alone or mixed with Tisseel® in cylindrical defects in the edentulous mandibular ridge of dogs. Material and methods: In 4 labrador dogs, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars were extracted bilaterally. 3 months later, 3 cylindrical bone defects, 4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in depth, were produced in the right side of the mandible. Following a crestal incision, full thickness flaps were raised and the bone defects were prepared with a trephine drill. The defects were filled with Bio-Oss® (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Switzerland) particles alone or mixed with Tisseel® (Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria), or left "untreated". A collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Switzerland) was placed to cover all defects and the flaps were sutured. 2 months later, the defect preparation and grafting procedures were repeated in the left side of the mandible. After another month, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies obtained from the defect sites. Results: Bio-Oss® -treated defects revealed a higher percentage of contact between graft particles and bone tissue than defects treated with Bio-Oss®+ Tisseel® (15% and 30% at 1 and 3 months versus 0.4% and 8%, respectively). Further, the volume of connective tissue in the Bio-Oss® treated defects decreased from the 1 to the 3 month interval (from 44% to 30%). This soft tissue was replaced with newly formed bone. In the Bio-Oss®+ Tisseel® treated defects, however, the proportion of connective tissue remained unchanged between 1 and 3 months. Conclusion: The adjunct of Tisseel® may jeopardize the integration of Bio-Oss® particles with bone tissue. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Bio-Oss® ist ein entproteiniertes Mineral vom Schwein, was bei knöchernen Augmentationen verwendet wird. Die Partikel werden oft mit einem Proteinprodukt gemischt, um ein formbares Implantationsmaterial zu erhalten. Ziel: Das Ziel des vorliegenden Experimentes war das Studium der Heilung von selbst-erhaltenden Knochendefekten nach der Anwendung von Bio-Oss® Partikeln allein oder vermischt mit Tisseel® in zylindrischen Defekten im zahnlosen unteren Kieferkamm von Hunden. Materal und Methoden: Bei 4 Labradorhunden wurden die 2., 3. und 4. unteren Prämolaren beidseitig extrahiert. 3 Monate später wurden 3 zylindrische Knochendefekte, 4 mm im Durchmesser und 8 mm tief, auf der rechten Seite des Unterkiefers hergestellt. Nach einer krestalen Incision wurde ein voller Mukoperiostlappen mobilisiert und die knöchernen Defekte mit einem Trepanfräser präpariert. Die Defekte wurden mit Bio-Oss® Partikeln (Geistlich Biomaterial, Wolhuser, Schweiz) allen oder gemischt mit Tisseel® (Immuno AG, Wien, Österreich) gefüllt oder blieben "unbehandelt". Eine Kollagenmembran (Bio-Gide®, Geistlich Biomaterial, Wolhuser, Schweiz) wurde zur Abdeckung über alle Defekte gelegt und die Lappen reponiert und vernäht. 2 Monate später wurden die Defektpräparationen und die Implantationsmaßnahmen auf der linken Seite des Unterkiefers widerholt. Nach einem weiteren Monat wurden die Tiere getötet und Biopsien von den Defektseiten gewonnen. Ergebnisse: Mit Bio-Oss® behandelte Defekte zeigten einen höheren Prozentsatz von Kontakt zwischen Implantationsmaterial und Knochengewebe als die Defekte, die mit Bio-Oss® und Tisseel® behandelt worden waren (15% und 30% zum 1. Monat und 3. Monat versus 0.4% und 8%). Weiterhin verringerte sich das Volumen des Bindegewebes in den mit Bio-Oss® behandelten Defekten vom 1. zum 3. Monat (von 44% zu 30%). Dieses Weichgewebe wurde mit neu gebildetem Knochen ersetzt. In dem mit Bio-Oss® und Tisseel® behandelten Defekten blieb die Verteilung des Bindegewebes zwischen dem 1. und 3. Monat unverändert. Zusammenfassung: Die Zugabe von Tisseel® kann die Integration von Bio-Oss® Partikeln mit Knochengewebe behindern. Résumé Origine: Le Bio-Oss® est un minéral bovin déprotéine utilisé pour les épaississements osseux. Les particules sont souvent mélangées avec un produit protéiné (Tisseel®) pour former un matérial de greffe malléable. But. Le but de l'étude présente a été d'étudier la guérison des lésions osseuses après le placement de particules de Bio-Oss® seules ou mélangées au Tisseel® dans des lésions cylindriques au niveau de la mandibule édentée de labradors. Matériaux et méthodes: Chez 4 labradors les 2ièmes, 3ièmes et 4ièmes prémolaires inférieures ont été avulsées bilatéralement. 3 mois après, 3 lésions osseuses et cylindriques de 4 mm de diamètre et de 8 mm de profondeur ont été produites du côté droit de la mandibule. A la suite d'une incision crestale, des lambeaux d'épaisseur complète ont été relevés et les lésions osseuses préparées avec un trépan. Les lésions ont été comblées par des particules de Bio-Oss® seul (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Suisse) ou mélangées au Tisseel® (Immuno AG, Vienne) ou laissées non-traitées. Une membrane collagène (Bio-Gide®, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Suisse) a été placée pour recouvrir toutes les lésions et les lambeaux ont ensuite été suturés. 2 mois après, les processus précités ont été répétés au niveau gauche de la mandibule. 1 mois plus tard, les animaux ont été tués et les biopsies prélevées. Résultats: Les lésions traitées par le Bio-Oss® ont révélé un % plus important de contact entre les particules du greffon et le tissu osseux que les lésions traitées avec le Bio-Oss®+Tisseel® (respectivement 15% à 30% à 1 et 3 mois versus 0.4% et 8%). De plus le volume de tissu conjonctif dans les lésions traitées par Bio-Oss® diminuait du mois 1 au mois 3, de 44 à 30%. Ce tissu mou a été remplacé par un os néoformé. Dans les lésions traitées par Bio-Oss®+Tisseel®, la proportion de tissu conjonctif demeurait inchangée entre les mois 1 et 3. Conclusions: L'addition de Tisseel® peut mettre en péril l'intégration des particules de Bio-Oss® au tissu osseux. [source] Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-Oss®JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2001An experimental study in dogs Abstract Objective: To study if it was possible to move, by orthodontic means, a tooth into an area of the jaw that had been augmented with Bio-Oss®. Material and Methods: 5 beagle dogs were used. The 1st, 2nd, and 4th mandibular premolars on each side were removed. The defect at the left 4th premolar site was filled with a biomaterial (Bio-Oss®) while the corresponding defect in the right side was left for spontaneous healing. 3 months later, an orthodontic device was inserted in each side of the mandible. The device was designed to allow distal, bodily movement of the 3rd premolars. When the experimental teeth had been moved into the extraction sites of the 4th premolars, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies of the premolar-molar regions of the mandible sampled. The tissues were prepared for histological analysis using standard procedures. In the sections, 3 zones were identified: zone A=the bone tissue within the distal portion of the previous extraction site (4th premolar), zone B=the pressure side of the 3rd premolar, zone C=the tension side of the 3rd premolar. The area occupied by mineralized bone, Bio-Oss® particles and bone marrow was determined by a point counting procedure. The width of the periodontal ligament as well as the percentage of the root surface (in zone B) that exhibited resorption was determined. Results: The findings demonstrated that it was possible to move a tooth into an area of an alveolar ridge that 3 months previously had been augmented with a biomaterial. It was also demonstrated that 12 months after grafting, Bio-Oss® particles remained as inactive filler material in the not utilized part of zone A. The biomaterial was not present in zone C but present in small amounts in zone B. Conclusion: During the orthodontic tooth movement the graft material (Bio-Oss®) was degraded and eliminated from the part of the alveolar ridge that was utilized for the experiment. In the non-utilized part of the ridge the biomaterial, however, remained as a seemingly inactive filler material. 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