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Rich Area (rich + area)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

NMR studies of surfactants

CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Issue 2 2004
Olle Söderman
Abstract Surfactant molecules are amphipathic and posses complicated solution chemistry and self-assembly properties. In addition to being of enormous practical significance, the physical characterization of surfactant systems presents a rich area of condensed matter physics. This article focuses on the application and interpretation of the commonly used NMR approaches for probing these systems. In particular, the use of NMR relaxation, diffusometry and, more briefly, electrophoretic NMR to determine characteristics such as micellar size and structure, ion-binding and solubilization are considered. The application of these NMR techniques is illustrated by a number of pertinent examples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 23A:, 121,135, 2004. [source]

Expression Profile During the Development of Appressoria Induced by Hydrophobic Surfaces in Magnaporthe grisea Y34

JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Qingchao Jin
Abstract To study the gene expression profile during appressorium developmental process of Magnaphorthe grisea strain Y34 isolated from the rich area of Asia cultivated rice resources, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and cDNA array analysis were performed. A total of 4756 tentative unique transcripts (TUTs) were obtained from 13 057 ESTs of the 3, ends of the strain, which was approximately 25% of the total M. grisea EST sequences deposited in the GenBank database. Approximately 84% of these TUTs matched with the published draft genome sequences of strain 70-15. Southern analyses with 12 TUT probes revealed no obvious DNA polymorphism among strains 70-15, Guy11 and Y34. A cDNA array with 4108 TUTs was used to monitor gene expression patterns during appressorium development of M. grisea. Compared with ungerminated conidia, the number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes was almost consistent at any time-points of 2, 8, 20 and 30 h during appressorium development. More genes were differentially expressed during appressorium maturation (20 and 30 h) than during appressorium induction (2 h) and formation (8 h). During appressorium maturation (20,30 h), genes generally seemed to be most actively expressed. [source]

Gothic and the Generation of Ideas1

LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2007
Donna Heiland
Gothic writing has remarkable generative power: as Marshall Brown has described it, gothic is a genre with what he calls a teleology, whose "significance lies in what it enabled its future readers to see, in what arguments it provoked, and . . . in what dreams it stimulated" (xix). From a brief discussion of selected early studies of the gothic, this article moves on to consider the extraordinary development of gothic criticism from the 1970s on, when the emergence of feminist and post-structuralist criticism put gothic literature on the map in a new way. Tracing the development and imbrication of the many strands of gothic criticism yields a complex and at times paradoxical picture: gothic has been read as the most rigid and formulaic of literary forms but also as centrally engaged with the notably slippery concepts of sensibility and the sublime; as escapist and as grounded in the realities of human existence; as focused on the individual psyche and as socio-cultural critique; as commenting on class, on gender, on race; as engaged with questions of national, colonial, and post-colonial identity. The field is now so well developed that guidebooks and handbooks to both primary sources and critical approaches have emerged over the last few years to codify and make it accessible. And so the question arises: have we said all that we can about this genre or can we learn still more from it? The closing portion of this article suggests that we can, pointing to gothic and religion as an area of particular interest. Religious issues have been front and center in gothic writing from its inception, and criticism to date has opened up , but hardly exhausted , this potentially rich area of research. [source]

Tyrosine polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelle magnetic resonance contrast agent for the detection of lipid rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 5 2009
Anne Beilvert
Abstract Vulnerable or high-risk atherosclerotic plaques often exhibit large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps that can lead to deadly vascular events when they rupture. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelles that incorporate a gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) amphiphile were used as an MR contrast agent. In an approach inspired by lipoproteins, the micelles were functionalized with tyrosine residues, an aromatic, lipophilic amino acid, to reach the lipid-rich areas of atherosclerotic plaque in a highly efficient manner. These micelles were applied to apolipoprotein E,/, (ApoE,/,) mice as a model of atherosclerosis. The abdominal aortas of the animals were imaged using T1 -weighted (T1W) high-resolution MRI at 9.4T before and up to 48 h after the administration of the micelles. PEG-micelles modified with 15% tyrosine residues yielded a significant enhancement of the abdominal aortic wall at 6 and 24 h postinjection (pi) as compared to unmodified micelles. Fluorescence microscopy on histological sections of the abdominal aorta showed a correlation between lipid-rich areas and the distribution of the functionalized contrast agent in plaque. Using a simple approach, we demonstrated that lipid-rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE,/, mice can be detected by MRI using Gd-DTPA micelles. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]