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Risk Criteria (risk + criterion)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	16%

Selected Abstracts

Risk Criteria for the Shipping Industry

QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006
V. M. Trbojevic
Abstract This paper proposes dual risk criteria for the shipping industry based on a goal-setting approach to safety requiring risk in the tolerability region to be as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) within which there is a prescriptive target risk level which should not be reached. The prescriptive target risk level is intended for smaller companies satisfying the current safety and classification rules, while it is expected that leading companies would embrace the dynamic ALARP approach as a means for improving the current practice in a search for a better and more economical solution. Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to formulate the societal risk criteria fully consistent with often legally imposed individual risk criteria. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A preliminary study of screening for risk of autism in children with fragile X syndrome: testing two risk cut-offs for the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers

JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007
D. J. Scambler
Abstract Objective Risk criteria for the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) and modified risk criteria (i.e. the Denver Criteria) were compared in a group of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism. Method Participants were 17 children aged 2,4 years with DNA confirmation of FXS. Four children had autism and 13 children did not. Results Preliminary findings regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the CHAT for detecting risk for autism in children with FXS are as follows: using the original CHAT risk criteria, sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 100%, respectively; and using the Denver Criteria, sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 92%, respectively. Conclusions The CHAT and the Denver Criteria resulted in preliminary findings suggesting high levels of sensitivity to autism in children with FXS. [source]

Patent ductus arteriosus and cystic periventricular leucomalacia in preterm infants

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2001
P Pladys
Aim: To test the association between early disturbances in hemodynamics induced by left-to-right shunting through the duct and cystic periventricular leucomalacia. Patients: Forty-six preterm infants (27,32 wk) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with risk criteria. Methods: Patent ductus arteriosus was evaluated on days 1 and 4, and was significant (sPDA) in cases of absent or reversed end diastolic flow in the subductal aorta. Resistance index was measured in the anterior cerebral artery and in the subductal aorta. Main outcome: Diagnosis of cystic periventricular leucomalacia between day 10 and day 50. Results: The 12 infants who developed cystic periventricular leucomalacia were compared with those who did not. On day 1, sPDA was more frequent (64% vs 26%; p= 0.03) in the cystic periventricular leucomalacia group, left ventricular output was higher (median = 341 vs 279mlkg -1.min -1; p= 0.005), and rescue surfactant was more frequently used (83% vs 47%; p= 0.03). This latter association was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Resistance index in the anterior cerebral artery was increased in cases of significant patent ductus arteriosus (p < 0.01) and was correlated with resistance index in the subductal aorta. Conclusion: On day 1 in this selected population, sPDA has an effect on blood flow velocity waveform in cerebral arteries and is associated with an increase in the emergence of cystic periventricular leucomalacia. This association could be casual rather than causal. [source]

A preliminary study of screening for risk of autism in children with fragile X syndrome: testing two risk cut-offs for the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers

A combination of HbA1c, fasting glucose and BMI is effective in screening for individuals at risk of future type 2 diabetes: OGTT is not needed

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2006
M. NORBERG
Abstract. Objective., To identify a screening model that predicts high risk of future type 2 diabetes and is useful in clinical practice. Design and methods., Incident case-referent study nested within a population-based health survey. We compared screening models with three risk criteria and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values and attributable proportion. We used fasting plasma glucose (FPG) alone or with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycosylated haemoglobin A (HbA1c) (normal range 3.6,5.3%), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and family history of diabetes (FHD). Setting., Participants in a health survey at all primary care centres (n = 33 336) and subjects with diagnosed type 2 diabetes in primary and hospital care (n = 6088) in Umeå during 1989,2001. Subjects., Each of the 164 subjects who developed clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes (median time to diagnosis of 5.4 years) and 304 sex- and age-matched referents without diabetes diagnosis. Results., Screening models with at least one criterion present had sensitivities of 0.90,0.96, specificities of 0.43,0.57 and PPVs of 8,9%. Combinations of the criteria, FPG , 6.1 mmol L,1 (capillary plasma), HbA1c , 4.7% and BMI , 27 in men and BMI , 30 in women, had sensitivities, specificities and PPVs of 0.66%, 0.93% and 32%, and 0.52%, 0.97% and 46% respectively. Using FHD as one of three risk criteria showed comparable results. Addition of triglycerides or OGTT did not improve the prediction. Conclusions., The combination of HbA1c, FPG and BMI are effective in screening for individuals at risk of future clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. OGTT or FHD is not necessary. [source]

Modelling risk and uncertainty with the analytic hierarchy process

JOURNAL OF MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2002
Ido Millet
Abstract This paper proposes methods for modelling risk and uncertainty with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We start by showing why benefit/risk ratios, as described in previous literature, might be an improper modelling approach. We then introduce prototypical case studies where risk plays a role in multicriteria decision making. These cases demonstrate how the AHP can be used to derive relative probabilities, multiple criteria outcome measures, risk criteria, and risk adjustment factors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A Comparison of Neural Network, Statistical Methods, and Variable Choice for Life Insurers' Financial Distress Prediction

JOURNAL OF RISK AND INSURANCE, Issue 3 2006
Patrick L. Brockett
This study examines the effect of the statistical/mathematical model selected and the variable set considered on the ability to identify financially troubled life insurers. Models considered are two artificial neural network methods (back-propagation and learning vector quantization (LVQ)) and two more standard statistical methods (multiple discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis). The variable sets considered are the insurance regulatory information system (IRIS) variables, the financial analysis solvency tracking (FAST) variables, and Texas early warning information system (EWIS) variables, and a data set consisting of twenty-two variables selected by us in conjunction with the research staff at TDI and a review of the insolvency prediction literature. The results show that the back-propagation (BP) and LVQ outperform the traditional statistical approaches for all four variable sets with a consistent superiority across the two different evaluation criteria (total misclassification cost and resubstitution risk criteria), and that the twenty-two variables and the Texas EWIS variable sets are more efficient than the IRIS and the FAST variable sets for identification of financially troubled life insurers in most comparisons. [source]

A quantitative approach to benefit-risk assessment of medicines , part 1: the development of a new model using multi-criteria decision analysis,

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue S1 2007
Filip Mussen PhD
Abstract Purpose One of the most important uses of benefit-risk assessment pertains to approval of new medicines by regulatory authorities and the subsequent review of these products during their life-cycle when new safety and/or efficacy data becomes available. At present, there exist no validated, well-accepted models for benefit-risk assessment that have the appropriate degree of sophistication, and as a consequence no models are widely used by regulatory authorities or industry. The aim of the study was therefore to develop a new model for benefit-risk assessment of medicines using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Methods The MCDA methodology was used for a systematic approach to assess the benefit risk ratio of medicines. The reasons for adopting this approach were (1) taking multiple benefit and risk criteria into account, (2) making a judgement on the evidence and potential uncertainty because of the incompleteness of evidence, and (3) making trade-offs of the benefits against risks. Results It was demonstrated through a seven-step approach how MCDA is used to construct the model. Ten benefit and ten risk criteria were identified to form a value tree. Then fixed scales were established for all criteria and options on the criteria were scored. Weights were assigned for each criteria using swing-weighting. Finally sensitivity analysis was carried. Conclusions This novel approach based on MCDA has the potential for being applied as a new tool for judging and deciding on the benefits and risks, thereby helping regulators and industry in the development and approval of new medicines and their adequate use. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The development of risk criteria for high severity low frequency events,

PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS, Issue 1 2009
Fred Henselwood
Abstract Quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) are used within the field of process safety to decide the allocation of resources and risk reduction investments. Typically risk assessments involve the evaluation of probabilistic measures that estimate the average expected value for the situation being considered across a range of potential outcomes. The resulting expected value is then used to determine if a situation represents an acceptable or unacceptable risk based on a threshold value allotted to the risk. This approach often gives guidance that is at odds with the thoughts and behaviors of some stakeholders as illustrated by the "but what if it does happen?" type of question. This inconsistency results from the inherent limitation associated with expected value approaches in that the methodology is based on whether or not a mean assessed risk represents an acceptable risk while overlooking the possibility that a single scenario could represent an intolerable event. This article looks at an adjustment to traditional QRAs so as to assess both the acceptability of risk and the tolerability of the associated consequences relative to risk criteria. These adjustments have been found to better represent stakeholder perceptions of risk, more closely relate risk tolerance to corporate values and resources, and to better justify the use of various risk transfer strategies. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009 [source]