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Rib Cage (rib + cage)
Selected AbstractsChest wall kinematics, respiratory muscle action and dyspnoea during arm vs. leg exercise in humansACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2006I. Romagnoli Abstract Aim:, We hypothesize that different patterns of chest wall (CW) kinematics and respiratory muscle coordination contribute to sensation of dyspnoea during unsupported arm exercise (UAE) and leg exercise (LE). Methods:, In six volunteer healthy subjects, we evaluated the volumes of chest wall (Vcw) and its compartments, the pulmonary apposed rib cage (Vrc,p), the diaphragm-abdomen apposed rib cage (Vrc,a) and the abdomen (Vab), by optoelectronic plethysmography. Oesophageal, gastric and trans-diaphragmatic pressures were simultaneously measured. Chest wall relaxation line allowed the measure of peak rib cage inspiratory muscle, expiratory muscle and abdominal muscle pressures. The loop Vrc,p/Vrc,a allowed the calculation of rib cage distortion. Dyspnoea was assessed by a modified Borg scale. Results:, There were some differences and similarities between UAE and LE. Unlike LE with UAE: (i) Vcw and Vrc,p at end inspiration did not increase, whereas a decrease in Vrc,p contributed to decreasing CW end expiratory volume; (ii) pressure production of inspiratory rib cage muscles did not significantly increase from quiet breathing. Not unlike LE, the diaphragm limited its inspiratory contribution to ventilation with UAE with no consistent difference in rib cage distortion between UAE and LE. Finally, changes in abdominal muscle pressure, and inspiratory rib cage muscle pressure predicted 62% and 41.4% of the variability in Borg score with UAE and LE, respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusion:, Leg exercise and UAE are associated with different patterns of CW kinematics, respiratory muscle coordination, and production of dyspnoea. [source] A high status burial from Ripon Cathedral, North Yorkshire, England: differential diagnosis of a chest deformityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 6 2003S. Groves Abstract Excavations beneath the crossing at Ripon Cathedral in North Yorkshire recently revealed a burial radiocarbon dated to the late 15th century AD. The burial was that of a young adult female; the location of the grave suggests a person of relatively high status. The very well preserved skeleton revealed abnormal changes to the bones of the thoracic cavity including anterior bowing of the sternum, flattening of the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae three to nine against the processes below each one, and changes to the ribs that suggested anterior displacement of the rib cage. The skeletal changes are described and differential diagnoses presented. Treatment to an underlying chest deformity, ,pectus carinatum', is thought to be the underlying cause of the skeletal changes; this study may lend direct insight into the concepts of body image in the Medieval period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Gorham-Stout Disease,Stabilization During Bisphosphonate Treatment,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2005Fabian Hammer Abstract A 45-year-old woman presented with recent onset of left-sided chest pain. On clinical examination, these symptoms seemed to be strictly localized to a region that was marked by a long-standing cutaneous erythematous lesion. Laboratory results showed no gross abnormalities. Radiological imaging including conventional X-ray, MRI scans, and 3D CT reconstruction of the rib cage revealed circumscript destruction of the left lateral ribs 9,11. Histological analysis of a rib biopsy showed angiomatous hypervascularization and intracortical fibrosis. In keeping with these findings, the patient's condition was diagnosed as Gorham-Stout disease, a rare condition with localized, often unilateral, bone destruction. Monotherapy with bisphosphonates (pamidronate 30 mg IV every 3 months) was initiated, leading to rapid disappearance of local pain. Follow-up over 24 months documented a stable clinical and radiological picture without evidence of progressive bone destruction. [source] A detailed assessment of the pattern of moxidectin tissue distribution after pour-on treatment in calvesJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2003J. M. Sallovitz The use of topical (pour-on) administration of endectocide drugs in cattle has reached world-wide acceptance. However, only limited information is available on the kinetic behaviour for topically administered moxidectin (MXD). To improve our understanding of the relationship between pharmacokinetics and efficacy for pour-on preparations, MXD concentration profiles were measured in tissues of endo- and ectoparasites location over 35 days postadministration. MXD distribution to the fluid content and mucosal tissue of the abomasum and different intestinal sections (duodenum, ileum, caecum and colon) was assessed. The comparative patterns of MXD distribution to skin and hypodermic tissue from different anatomical sites (backline, rib cage, thigh and face) were also investigated following the pour-on administration. Wide tissue distribution and long residence time characterized the kinetics of topically administered MXD. MXD was recovered between 1 and 35 days post-treatment in all the tissues investigated. The highest MXD availabilities were observed in the skin layers at the site of administration (backline) and in the fat tissue. The fluid contents of different intestinal sections showed MXD concentrations higher than those measured in their respective mucosal tissues, particularly at day 1 post-treatment. MXD concentrations in the skin (epidermis + dermis) were higher than those measured in the hypodermic tissue. Large differences in the availability of MXD in skin from different anatomical regions (backline > rib cage > thigh > face) were observed. The low plasma and the high skin availability indicate the formation of a skin depot of the drug, being released slowly to the plasma and reaching concentrations in systemic tissues (abomasal mucosa, lungs, etc.) similar to those measured after subcutaneous administration. These findings demonstrate that target parasites may be exposed to markedly different drug concentrations according to their location sites, which is particularly relevant for ectoparasites located in different anatomical regions. Knowledge of the tissue distribution of topically administered endectocides contributes to understand the differences observed in efficacy and/or persistence of activity and to optimize their use in cattle. [source] Effect of positioning on respiratory synchrony in non-ventilated pre-term infantsPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000Veronica Maynard Senior Lecturer Abstract Background and Purpose Body position can play an important role in an infant's recovery from respiratory disease, but few studies have accounted for sleep state which is known to have a direct influence on the control of respiratory muscles as well as on metabolic and circulatory changes. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of body position on respiratory function in pre-term infants whilst accounting for sleep state. Method Thoraco-abdominal motion was assessed using respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to provide measures of relative rib cage (RC) and abdominal (AB) movement in ten non-ventilated pre-term infants. Continuous measurements of oxygen saturation (SaO2), pulse and heart rate (HR), were made and sleep state was recorded using behavioural criteria and electro-oculogram (EOG) measurements. Results The results showed a significant increase in HR in supine, but no significant difference in SaO2 as a function of position, compared to the prone position where a significant reduction was found in thoraco-abdominal asynchrony for both groups and a reduction in variability in both HR and SaO2. Intra-subject variability of thoraco-abdominal motion as a function of position demonstrated no significant difference on return to supine or on return to prone, illustrating good repeatability of measures. Conclusions Prone positioning of pre-term infants recovering from respiratory disease may improve respiratory function. As measured, the improvement in respiratory synchrony in prone position brings pre-term infants' breathing pattern into line with that expected in term infants. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Novel reconstruction of the orientation of the pectoral girdle in sauropodsTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Daniela Schwarz Abstract The orientation of the scapulocoracoid in sauropod dinosaurs is reconstructed based on comparative anatomical investigations of pectoral girdles of extant amniotes. In the reconstruction proposed here, the scapula of sauropods stands at an angle of at least 55° to the horizontal plane in mechanical coherence with the sternal apparatus including the coracoids. The coracoids are oriented cranioventrally to the rib cage and the glenoid is directed mediolaterally, which allows the humerus to swing in a sagittal plane. The inclination of the scapula to the horizontal plane is reconstructed for Diplodocus (60,65°), Camarasaurus (60,65°), and Opisthocoelicaudia (55,65°). The inclination of the scapulocoracoid has consequences for the overall body posture in Camarasaurus and Opisthocoelicaudia, where the dorsal contour would have ventrally declined toward the sacrum. Scapulocoracoid mobility depends on the arrangement of clavicles, the reconstruction of a coracosternal joint, and the reconstructed musculature of the shoulder girdle. In a crocodylian model of the shoulder musculature, m. serratus profundus and superficialis form a muscular sling, which suspends the trunk from the shoulder girdle and would allow a certain mobility of the scapulocoracoid. An avian model of the shoulder musculature would also mean suspension by means of the m. serratus complex, but indicates a closer connection of the scapula to the dorsal ribs, which would lead to more restricted movements of the scapulocoracoid in sauropods. Anat Rec, 290:32,47, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The tenth rib line as a new landmark of the lumbar vertebral level during spinal blockANAESTHESIA, Issue 4 2004C.-W. Jung Summary The purpose of this study was to assess whether the tenth rib line (an imaginary line that joins the lowest points of the rib cage on the flanks) could be used as a marker of the lumbar vertebral level. Simple X-rays (n = 100) were taken with radiopaque markers attached on the lowest points of the rib cage and the uppermost points of the iliac crests on both flanks. The spinous process or interspinous space that the tenth rib or Tuffier's lines crossed was identified and recorded, respectively, in the neutral and fully flexed positions. With lumbar flexion, the tenth rib line (median (25th to 75th percentiles)) moved upward (L2 (L1,2 , L2) vs. L1,2 (L1,2 , L1,2); p < 0.01), but Tuffier's line moved downward (L4,5 (L4 , L4,5) vs. L4,5 (L4 , L5); p < 0.01). Because the ease of palpating the tenth rib line and its distribution patterns are comparable to those of the Tuffier's line, the tenth rib line may be useful as a new landmark of the lumbar vertebral level as well as a safeguard to prevent spinal puncture from being mistakenly performed at a dangerously high level. [source] | |||||||||||||