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Reversal Theory (reversal + theory)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences75%

Selected Abstracts

Reversal theory states and cigarette availability predict lapses during smoking cessation among adolescents,

RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 4 2003
Rebecca F. Burris
Abstract Although 67% of adolescent smokers say they want to quit, only 7% are able to do so. The purpose of this study was to use metamotivational states as described in reversal theory to predict whether adolescents who are trying to quit smoking will lapse (smoke a cigarette) or will resist smoking in highly tempting situations. Reversal theory holds that individuals switch between telic (serious-minded) and paratelic (playful) metamotivational states. Questionnaires and semistructured interviews were administered to 62 adolescents ages 14,19 who had participated in a smoking cessation program. Interviews were coded according to the Metamotivational State Interview and Coding Schedule, and the resulting data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Adolescents in the paratelic metamotivational state (OR,=,15.34; 95% CI: 5.3, 43.6) or with cigarettes readily available (OR,=,4.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 13.2) were more likely to lapse than were adolescents in the telic state or who required effort to obtain cigarettes. The variables telic/paratelic state and cigarette availability accurately predicted the outcome of highly tempting situations 80% of the time. Using reversal theory constructs to develop state-specific strategies shows promise as an additional tool for those in this age group coping with the temptation to smoke. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 26:263,272, 2003 [source]

Analysis of recent incidents of on-field violence in sport: legal decisions and additional considerations from psychology

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2009
John H. Kerr
Abstract This article focuses on two recent incidents of serious on-field violence in sports and the legal consequences for those involved. The two incidents occurred in Dutch football (soccer) and became infamous owing to the nature of the violent incidents and widespread media coverage. The legal outcomes of these two incidents are described, and some of the difficulties that legal authorities face in considering assaults on the sports field are discussed. A new way of categorizing such violent incidents and the motivation behind them, based on an established psychological theory [reversal theory, Apter, 1982, 2001] is proposed. Taken along with the other points made in this article, being aware of when and how individuals cross the boundaries between play and anger, power or thrill violence may provide an additional perspective to making informed decisions about illegal violent acts on the sports field. Aggr. Behav. 35:41,48. 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Reversal theory states and cigarette availability predict lapses during smoking cessation among adolescents,

RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 4 2003
Rebecca F. Burris
Abstract Although 67% of adolescent smokers say they want to quit, only 7% are able to do so. The purpose of this study was to use metamotivational states as described in reversal theory to predict whether adolescents who are trying to quit smoking will lapse (smoke a cigarette) or will resist smoking in highly tempting situations. Reversal theory holds that individuals switch between telic (serious-minded) and paratelic (playful) metamotivational states. Questionnaires and semistructured interviews were administered to 62 adolescents ages 14,19 who had participated in a smoking cessation program. Interviews were coded according to the Metamotivational State Interview and Coding Schedule, and the resulting data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Adolescents in the paratelic metamotivational state (OR,=,15.34; 95% CI: 5.3, 43.6) or with cigarettes readily available (OR,=,4.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 13.2) were more likely to lapse than were adolescents in the telic state or who required effort to obtain cigarettes. The variables telic/paratelic state and cigarette availability accurately predicted the outcome of highly tempting situations 80% of the time. Using reversal theory constructs to develop state-specific strategies shows promise as an additional tool for those in this age group coping with the temptation to smoke. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 26:263,272, 2003 [source]

ORIGINAL RESEARCH,PSYCHOLOGY: A New Evaluation Concept and Its Measurement: "Male Sexual Anticipating Cognitions"

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2006
Mireille Bonierbale MD
ABSTRACT Context., The development of sex-active drugs justifies the use of scales for evaluating changes induced by such forms of therapy. Among the tools available for evaluating erectile dysfunction (ED), the International Index of Erectile Function is the most widely used. Analysis of the scientific literature shows that these instruments remain primarily focused on functional aspects of ED. The vulnerability factors involved in ED are mainly based upon organic characteristics, e.g., age, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes, but the psychological factors involved in the occurrence and maintenance of ED are less studied. Objective., This conclusion led us to develop a French self-administered instrument, based on patients' subjective sexual experiences, to evaluate "male sexual anticipating cognitions," using Apter's reversal theory as a framework. Design, Setting, and Patients., We present here the first stages of the development of this new instrument. We carried out semistructured, one-to-one interviews with patients with psychogenic ED and patients with mixed ED. Eighteen one-to-one interviews were held in several urologic/andrologic and psychiatric sexologist services. Interviews were continued until the required information was obtained. Analyses of the content were performed to generate items for the new instrument. Results., Dimensions isolated were those of (a) sexual beliefs; (b) metamotivational modes; and (c) dysfunctional coping. Pools of items are currently being analyzed by 108 experts (psychologists, sexologists, andrologists, urologists) to determine if additional items are required. The acceptability and the comprehensiveness of this preliminary questionnaire will be tested by 320 patients in a multicentric study, to produce a shorter questionnaire featuring the most relevant items. Once validated, this multidimensional instrument could be used to assess treatment efficacy of, the, mixed, and psychogenic components of ED. Bonierbale M, Clement A, Loundou A, Simeoni M-C, Barrau K, Hamidi K, Apter MJ, Lançon C, and Auquier P. A new evaluation concept and its measurement: "Male sexual anticipating cognitions." J Sex Med 2006;3:96,103. [source]