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Returning
Terms modified by Returning Selected AbstractsThe Legitimacy of Social Entrepreneurship: Reflexive Isomorphism in a Pre-Paradigmatic FieldENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 4 2010Alex Nicholls Following Kuhn, this article conceptualizes social entrepreneurship as a field of action in a pre-paradigmatic state that currently lacks an established epistemology. Using approaches from neo-institutional theory, this research focuses on the microstructures of legitimation that characterize the development of social entrepreneurship in terms of its key actors, discourses, and emerging narrative logics. This analysis suggests that the dominant discourses of social entrepreneurship represent legitimating material for resource-rich actors in a process of reflexive isomorphism. Returning to Kuhn, the article concludes by delineating a critical role for scholarly research on social entrepreneurship in terms of resolving conflicting discourses within its future paradigmatic development. [source] THE USES OF WALTER: WALTER BENJAMIN AND THE COUNTERFACTUAL IMAGINATIONHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2010BENJAMIN ALDES WURGAFT ABSTRACT Many authors, both scholarly and otherwise, have asked what might have happened had Walter Benjamin survived his 1940 attempt to escape Nazi-occupied Europe. This essay examines several implicitly or explicitly "counterfactual" thought experiments regarding Benjamin's "survival," including Hannah Arendt's influential "Walter Benjamin: 1892,1940," and asks why our attachment to Benjamin's story has prompted so much counterfactual inquiry. It also explores the larger question of why few intellectual historians ask explicitly counterfactual questions in their work. While counterfactuals have proven invaluable for scholars in diplomatic, military, and economic history, those writing about the history of ideas often seem less concerned with chains of events and contingency than some of their colleagues are,or they attend to contingency in a selective fashion. Thus this essay attends to the ambivalence about the category of contingency that runs through much work in intellectual history. Returning to the case of Walter Benjamin, this essay explores his own tendency to pose "what if?" questions, and then concludes with an attempt to ask a serious counterfactual question about his story. The effort to ask this question reveals one methodological advantage of counterfactual inquiry: the effort to ask such questions often serves as an excellent guide to the prejudices and interests of the historian asking them. By engaging in counterfactual thought experiments, intellectual historians could restore an awareness of sheer contingency to the stories we tell about the major texts and debates of intellectual history. [source] The Global Financial Crisis and Migrant Workers in China: ,There is No Future as a Labourer; Returning to the Village has No Meaning'INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010KAM WING CHAN Abstract This essay examines the impact of the global financial crisis on rural migrant labour in China, with a focus on unemployment. It illustrates the interaction of global and China-specific processes in the context of the worldwide recession. The essay first summarizes China's unique socio-economic system and the mechanisms that have created a system of ,rural migrant labour' and ,super-cheapened' it to help make China the ,world's factory'. The main part of the essay examines the unemployment situation for migrants in late 2008 and the first half of 2009, and the dislocations and problems migrant labourers are facing. The China story is complex but interesting, not only for its rather complicated lexicon and statistics that often confuse outside observers, but also for its distinctive system of exploiting the rural population and internal migrant labour. This system makes the impact of the global crisis on migrant labourers, which are at the bottom of the global supply chain, all the more apparent. The last part of this essay analyses recent governmental fiscal-stimulus policies and measures as well as their impact on rural migrant labour, making some broader observations and linking the crisis to China's model of development. Résumé Ce texte examine l'impact de la crise financière mondiale sur la main-d',uvre migrante rurale chinoise en s'intéressant notamment au chômage. Il illustre l'interaction des processus planétaires et nationaux dans le cadre de la récession mondiale. Une synthèse présente d'abord le régime socio-économique unique du pays, ainsi que les mécanismes qui ont créé un système de ,main-d',uvre migrante rurale' tout en ,hyper-dépréciant' ces travailleurs afin de faire de la Chine ,l'usine du monde'. L'étude centrale porte sur le chômage des migrants entre la fin 2008 et le premier semestre 2009, ainsi que sur les bouleversements et problèmes que rencontrent les ouvriers migrants. L'histoire chinoise est complexe mais intéressante, non seulement à cause d'un vocabulaire et de statistiques compliqués qui déroutent souvent les observateurs extérieurs, mais aussi par son système spécifique d'exploitation de la population rurale et de la main-d',uvre migrante. Ce système renforce d'autant plus l'impact de la crise mondiale sur les ouvriers migrants, lesquels se trouvent tout en bas de la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondial. En revenant sur les récentes politiques et mesures d'incitation fiscale du gouvernement et sur leurs conséquences pour la main-d',uvre migrante rurale, la dernière partie élargit le champ des observations et relie la crise au modèle de développement chinois. [source] Karl Pearson,The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age by Theodore M. Porter: A ReviewINTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Herbert A. David Summary Porter presents an excellent account of the young Karl Pearson and his extraordinarily varied activities. These ranged from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exams to German history and folklore, and included free thought, socialism, the woman's question, and the law. Returning to science, Pearson produced the famous Grammar of Science. He decided on a career in statistics only at age 35. Porter emphasizes Pearson's often acrimonious but largely successful battles to show the wide applicability and importance of statistics in many areas of science and public affairs. Eugenics became a passion for Pearson. Avoiding all formulas Porter fails to give any concrete ideas of even Pearson's most important contributions to statistical theory. We try to sketch these here. [source] A Power-Control Theory of Gender and ReligiosityJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 2 2009Jessica L. Collett The fact that women are more religious than men is one of the most consistent findings in the sociology of religion. Miller and Stark (2002) propose that a gender difference in risk preference of physiological origin might explain this phenomenon. While acknowledging the utility of their risk-preference mechanism, we believe that their assumption regarding the genesis of this difference is a premature concession to biology. Returning to Miller's original paper on gender, risk, and religiosity, we draw on power-control theory (PCT), developed in the work of John Hagan and colleagues, to introduce a plausible socialization account for these differences. We evaluate these claims using data from the General Social Survey. Women raised by high-socioeconomic status (SES) mothers are less religious than women raised by low-education mothers, but mother's SES has little effect on men's chances of being irreligious and father's SES has a negligible effect on the gender difference in religiosity. [source] Practical nurses in elder care and changes in Finnish society , a biographical studyJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 2 2003Leena Paasivaara MNSc Background. ,Substantial changes in the socio-economic circumstances in Finnish society over the past century have resulted in major changes in the case of older people, and in the status of nursing staff who care for them. Aim. ,The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the work of practical nurses in elder care through the experiences and life cycles of two practical nurses with a long working experience. Methods. ,The data consisted of oral biographical narratives produced by the two nurses in repeated interviews. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings. ,The following chronological stages and periods of the work of the informants emerged as the core themes of elder care: (1) Collective institutionalized care in the 1950s,1970s: The lowest caste in training, obedient subordinates, undemanding service and routine work; (2) Elderly orientated institutionalized care in the 1980s and 1990s: From subordination to co-operation as an experienced nurse, recognizing the specific qualities of the elderly; (3) Prospects of elder care from the 1990s onwards: Returning to custodial care? Conclusions. ,The themes are related to the more general changes that have taken place in Finnish society and health care. The future prospects of practical nurses seem challenging because the principles of social work and health care in Finnish society have shifted from institutionalization towards community care. As a consequence, practical nurses are required to have higher qualifications. [source] The Stigma of Psychological Problems in a Work Environment: Evidence From the Screening of Service Members Returning From Bosnia,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2000Thomas W. Britt The present research examined the stigma associated with psychological problems among service members returning from the United States peacekeeping mission to Bosnia. The results show that admitting a psychological problem in the military is perceived as muchmore stigmatizing than admitting a medical problem. Service members had more concerns about stigmatization and felt more uncomfortable discussing psychological problems than medical problems, and these feelings were magnified when service members were being screened with their units rather than alone. Service members also reported a lesser likelihood of following through with a psychological referral than with a medical referral. However, participants who discussed psychological issues with a therapist felt the screening was more beneficial than those who did not discuss their responses. The results address the neglected topic of the stigma associated with psychological problems in the workplace. [source] Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Returning to the Limelight?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 6 2007Debbie L. Cohen MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Returning to Study: a Guide for ProfessionalsJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2001L. Gooding [source] Malaria Outbreak Among French Army Troops Returning From The Ivory CoastJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Aurélie Mayet MD In 2006, a French Army unit reported 39 malaria cases among servicepersons returning from Ivory Coast. Thirty, including three serious forms, occurred after the return to France. The risk of post-return malaria was higher than the risk in Ivory Coast. Half of the imported cases had stopped post-return chemoprophylaxis early. [source] A Definition That Includes First and Second Generation Immigrants Returning to Their Countries of Origin to Visit Friends and Relatives Still Makes Sense to MeJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010Paul M. Arguin MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diagnosed Among Travelers Returning from the TropicsJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Séverine Ansart MD Objectives Data are lacking on the spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) diagnosed in returning travelers. Study Design All consecutive travelers consulting our tropical unit between November 1, 2002 and October 31, 2003 were included if they presented within 1 month after their return from the tropics, with mucocutaneous signs suggesting STDs. Results Forty-nine patients (12 women and 37 men; median age 36.4 y, 35 heterosexuals) were included. Four patients had traveled with their usual sexual partner and 45 patients had casual sex while abroad (31 with locals and 14 with other tourists). The main diagnoses were gonococcal urethritis (n = 18), herpes simplex virus 2 infection (n = 12), urethritis of undetermined origin (n = 9), Chlamydia trachomatis infection (n = 4), primary syphilis (n = 4), and primary human immunodeficiency virus infection (n = 2). Conclusions These results illustrate the broad spectrum of STDs contracted by travelers to the tropics. They suggest the need to also inform travelers of the risks of STD and to promote the use of condoms in case of casual sex while abroad. [source] Infectious Mononucleosis,Like Syndromes in Febrile Travelers Returning From the TropicsJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2006Emmanuel Bottieau MD Background Infectious mononucleosis (IM), resulting from Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) infection, and IM-like syndromes, mainly due to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been occasionally reported in travelers returning from the tropics. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence, outcome, and diagnostic predictors of these syndromes in febrile travelers. Methods Between April 2000 and March 2005, all febrile travelers and migrants presenting at our referral centers within 12 months after a tropical stay were prospectively included. We identified all patients serologically diagnosed with IM or IM-like syndrome and compared them with the rest of the cohort. Results During the 5-year period, 72/1,842 patients (4%) were diagnosed with an IM-like syndrome, including 36 CMV, 16 T gondii, 15 EBV, and 5 HIV primary infections. All patients were western travelers or expatriates. Mean delay before consultation was 2 weeks. Most patients had consulted other practitioners and/or received presumptive treatment. A minority of patients presented with IM clinical features. Lymphocytosis ,40% of the white blood cells (WBC) and reactive/atypical lymphocyte morphology were observed in 60 and 30% of the patients. The four diseases were indistinguishable. Protracted fever and asthenia were common but complications rarely occurred. IM-like syndromes were independently associated with fever >7 days, lymphadenopathy, elevated liver enzymes, and lymphocytosis ,40% of WBC. Diagnostic probability increased to >20% if at least three of these predictors were present. Conclusions Diagnosis of IM and IM-like syndrome is not uncommon in febrile travelers, with a higher proportion of primary CMV, T gondii, and HIV infections than in nonimported series. Consequently, classic IM clinical and laboratory features are often lacking. All four pathogens should be systematically considered because early diagnosis should avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment and allow early intervention in case of primary HIV infection. [source] Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Traveler Returning From VenezuelaJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2006Nuccia Saleri MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Meningococcal Carriage in Umra Pilgrims Returning from Saudi ArabiaJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2003Annelies Wilder-Smith Background Moslems from all over the world go to Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia for two types of pilgrimage: the major pilgrimage (hajj) and the minor (umra). An international outbreak of meningococcal disease with serogroup W-135 occurred in association with hajj pilgrimage in the years 2000 and 2001, and it has been shown that pharyngeal carriage of a single W-135 strain was high in returning hajj pilgrims. We investigated the meningococcal carriage in umra pilgrims to determine the extent of circulation of this strain, during the minor pilgrimage. Method Tonsillopharyngeal swabs were taken from umra returnees. Serogrouping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis were performed on all meningococcal isolates. Subjects were questioned about the occurrence of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and use of antibiotics during the pilgrimage. Results were compared with those previously reported in hajj pilgrims. Results We enrolled 160 pilgrims returning from the umra pilgrimage in 2001. The meningococcal carriage rate was 1.3%, which is significantly lower compared with the hajj pilgrimage (17%; p<0.001). None of the umra pilgrims carried serogroup W-135, whereas 90% of the isolates in returning hajj pilgrims were Neisseria meningitidis W-135. Conclusions Meningococcal carriage during the umra pilgrimage was significantly lower compared with the hajj pilgrimage in the year 2001. No carriage of N. meningitidis W-135 was documented in umra pilgrims, whereas this was the predominant serogroup in hajj pilgrims. Public health measures to reduce the potential introduction of N. meningitidis W-135 into the countries of origin of returning pilgrims need to be prioritized for the hajj pilgrimage. [source] Leptospirosis in Travelers Returning from the Dominican RepublicJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2003Martin P. Grobusch First page of article [source] Importation of Dengue by Soldiers Returning from East Timor to North Queensland, AustraliaJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2002Scott Kitchener Background: Soldiers based in Townsville, Australia, returned from East Timor following peacekeeping operations during the wet season of 1999 to 2000. This represented the potential to import dengue virus into north Queensland, a dengue receptive area of Australia. This article seeks to outline the measures taken by the Australian Defence Force (ADF) to prevent local transmission and to present the outcomes. Methods: Soldiers returning to north Queensland were provided with education on dengue fever and in the fortnight before return, their living areas were subjected to intensive vector control measures, in order to reduce the risk of acquisition of dengue. They were further encouraged to present early with any febrile illness following their return to Townsville. Provisionally diagnosed dengue cases were notified to the state public health authorities immediately and cases were isolated until suitable vector control programs were implemented or the potentially viremic period exceeded. Serologic and virologic investigations were undertaken to identify the passage and probable serotype or confirm the presence and serotype of dengue virus. Results: Nine serologically confirmed cases of dengue were identified as viremic in north Queensland. Six cases were identified as arising from dengue serotype 2, two were from serotype 3, and one case was ill defined. No dengue cases have been reported in the local population 4 months following these ADF cases. Conclusions: Local outbreaks of dengue fever have occurred in north Queensland following the importation of dengue virus in returned travelers. The successful prevention of local transmission in these circumstances was contributed to by early notification of cases and prevention of transmission through isolation of cases and collaboration between ADF and state and local public health authorities in vector control. The management of potentially viremic returning service personnel represents a future challenge for the ADF. [source] Vibrio cholerae O2 as a Cause of a Skin Lesion in a Tourist Returning from TunisiaJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2000Claudio Farina No abstract is available for this article. [source] Time-Course and Mechanisms of Restored Vascular Relaxation by Reduced Salt Intake and Angiotensin II Infusion in Rats Fed a High-Salt DietMICROCIRCULATION, Issue 3 2009SCOTT T. MCEWEN ABSTRACT Objective: This study determined the mechanisms and time-course of recovery of vascular relaxation in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of salt-fed Sprague-Dawley rats returned to a low-salt (LS) diet (0.4% NaCl) or infused with low-dose angiotensin II (ANG II). Methods: Rats were fed a high-salt (HS) diet (4% NaCl) for 3 days or 4 weeks before returning to an LS diet for various periods. Other rats fed a HS diet (HS+ANG II) received a chronic (3 days) intravenous (i.v.) infusion of a low dose of ANG II (5 ng kg,1 min,1) to prevent salt-induced ANG II suppression. Results: The HS diet eliminated the increase in cerebral blood flow in response to acetylcholine (ACh) infusion and the relaxation of MCA in response to ACh, iloprost, cholera toxin, and reduced PO2. Recovery of vascular relaxation was slow, requiring at least 2 weeks of the LS diet, regardless of the duration of exposure to a HS diet. Hypoxic dilation was mediated by cyclo-oxygenase metabolites and ACh-induced dilation was mediated via nitric oxide in LS rats and in HS rats returned to the LS diet or receiving ANG II infusion. Conclusions: Returning to a LS diet for 2 weeks or chronic 3-day ANG II infusion restores the mechanisms that normally mediate cerebral vascular relaxation. [source] An Island Called Home: Returning to Jewish Cuba by Ruth BeharAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 3 2010SHARI JACOBSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] Pain among Veterans Returning from Deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan: Update on the Veterans Health Administration Pain Research ProgramPAIN MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009Robert D. Kerns PhD First page of article [source] The Father's Friend: Returning to the Tuareg as an ,elder'ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 4 2000Jeremy Keenan [source] Returning to play after concussionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2009Alan B Ashare No abstract is available for this article. [source] The advantages and disadvantages of a ,herbal' medicine in a patient with diabetes mellitus: a case reportDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 6 2004D. M. Wood Abstract Background Patient-initiated alternative treatments in the management of chronic conditions are common and increasing in the United Kingdom. To date, there have been no reports of herbal medicine use alone in the management of diabetes mellitus. We report here the case of a man who attained excellent glycaemic control using a ,herbal' medicine and reveal how important it was to identify the products of active constituents. Case report A 48-year-old man attending our clinic in Tooting, South London with known Type 2 diabetes, with evidence of both micro- and macro-vascular diabetes-related complications, was poorly controlled despite a drug regimen consisting of oral metformin and twice daily insulin. He went to India for at least 1 year and on returning to the clinic had excellent glycaemic control off all diabetic medication. While away he had started himself on a regimen of three different ,herbal' balls. Samples of blood were found to contain chlorpropamide in a therapeutic concentration; chlorpropamide was also found in one of the balls. He has been counselled on the potential risks associated with chlorpropamide and his treatment reverted to a more conventional treatment regimen. Conclusions General practitioners and hospital physicians should be alert to those patients returning from abroad on effective ,herbal' medications that these may in fact contain an active ingredient. [source] Identifying Welfare Effects from Subjective QuestionsECONOMICA, Issue 271 2001Martin Ravallion We argue that the welfare inferences drawn from answers to subjective,qualitative survey questions are clouded by concerns over the structure of measurement errors and how latent psychological factors influence observed respondent characteristics. We propose a panel data model that allows more robust tests and we estimate the model on a high-quality survey for Russia. We find significant income effects on an individual's subjective economic welfare. Demographic effects are weak at given income per capita. Ill-health and becoming unemployed lower welfare at given current income, although the unemployment effect is not robust, and returning to work does not restore welfare without an income gain. [source] The age-21 minimum legal drinking age: a case study linking past and current debatesADDICTION, Issue 12 2009Traci L. Toomey ABSTRACT Background The minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) in the United States (U.S.) has raised debate over the past several decades. During the 1970s many states lowered their MLDAs from age 21 to 18, 19, or 20. However, as a result of studies showing that these lower MLDAs were associated with increases in traffic crashes, state-level movements began in the later1970s to return MLDAs to age 21. A new movement has arisen to again lower the MLDA in the U.S. Aim The aim is to discuss this current MLDA debate within the context of the long history of the U.S. MLDA. Methods A search of research articles, websites, and newspaper articles was conducted to identify key messages and influences related to the MLDA movements. Results The complexity of state movements to change their MLDAs is illustrated by the Michigan experience, where strong political forces on both sides of the issue were involved, resulting in the MLDA returning to 21. Because the 21st Constitutional amendment prevents the federal government from mandating a MLDA for all states, a federal policy was proposed to provide incentives for all states to implement age-21 MLDAs. Due largely to strong research evidence, the National Minimum Legal Drinking Age Act was enacted in 1984, stipulating that states set their MLDA to 21 or face loss of federal highway funds. By 1988, all states had an age-21 MLDA. Conclusion Any current debate about the MLDA should be informed by the historical context of this policy and the available research. [source] Effect of Professional Postpartum Support on Infant Feeding Patterns Among Breastfeeding Participants in the WIC ProgramFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004Jo Carol Chezem The purpose of this study was to determine if professional breastfeeding support could postpone formula introduction and prolong breastfeeding among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Fifty women in the experimental group received home visits and phone calls from a lactation educator following hospital discharge; 50 control group women were encouraged to contact a lactation educator as needed. Infants' ages at formula introduction and breastfeeding continuation rates were not significantly different between the groups. Common reasons for breastfeeding cessation included returning to work/school, inadequate milk supply, and latch-on/suckling problems. Use of telephone contacts, delay of breastfeeding support until after hospital discharge, and early formula supplementation may have contributed to the ineffectiveness of the intervention. [source] Run timing and migration routes of returning Atlantic salmon in the Northern Baltic Sea: implications for fisheries managementFISHERIES MANAGEMENT & ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2009A. SIIRA Abstract, Return migration of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., was studied in the Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea, by a mark-recapture experiment and catch records from commercial trap-nets. Coastal salmon fishing is regulated by delayed opening of the fishery in consecutive regions based on the assumption that the wild fish migrate before reared ones and the migration is unidirectional and continuous from south to north. Neural network modelling suggested that the migration does not progress linearly from one regulation region to another, but shows variation between origin and sea age among and within regions. Further evidence of the non-linear migration included a noticeable part of salmon on their way to two major estuaries first visiting the northern-most Bothnian Bay before turning back south. Salmon returning to the different homing sites in the north showed no differences in run timing in the southern Gulf whereas the same individual fish showed differences in catch accumulation further north. Run timing estimates indicated only a slight tendency towards earlier migration for wild salmon compared with reared fish. [source] From egg to juvenile in the Bay of Biscay: spatial patterns of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) recruitment in a non-upwelling regionFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2008XABIER IRIGOIEN Abstract In this study the spatial distribution of eggs, larvae and juveniles of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) was followed in 2004 and 2005 during three consecutive cruises each year in spring,summer to test what the limits of retention are in a non-upwelling area. Eggs, small larvae and large juveniles were mainly distributed over the shelf, whereas large larvae and small juveniles were found mainly off the shelf. Although overall distributions were similar, the 2 yr differed in that there was more of a coastal distribution of individuals in 2004, whereas in 2005 more individuals were found off the shelf. There were no significant differences in the length,weight relationships for individuals found on and off the shelf or between years. The correspondence in circulation patterns and the lack of difference in the length,weight relationships suggest that a single population is present, larvae drifting off the shelf due to currents and returning as mobile juveniles. Quantile regression analysis of the long-term recruitment index suggests that transport off the shelf may favour good recruitments. This would suggest that in non-upwelling regions the retention area resulting in good recruitment may not be restricted to the shelf. [source] Influence of the marine abundance of pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) on growth of Ozernaya River sockeyeFISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2001V. F. Bugaev The length and weight of Russian sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning to the Ozernaya River (Kamchatka) was substantially reduced in years when the ocean abundances of Kamchatkan pink (O. gorbuscha) and sockeye salmon were high. We found that the density-dependent reduction in sockeye growth on a per-capita basis was greater for sockeye than for pink salmon. However, the overall effect of pink salmon abundance on sockeye growth was greater because of the higher numerical abundance of pink salmon. The strongest statistical relationships were found for sockeye from separate age groups; pooled data combining all age classes were statistically insignificant. We estimate that, if pink salmon were absent, the most strongly affected age group of sockeye salmon (2.1 males) would weigh twice as much at maturity than if pink salmon populations from eastern and western Kamchatka were both simultaneously at peak observed abundances. Trophic competition in the ocean between pink and sockeye salmon can therefore have a significant influence on the productivity of sockeye populations for the most strongly affected age groups. These effects are large enough that they should be explicitly considered in the management of salmon populations. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||