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Restructuring
Kinds of Restructuring Terms modified by Restructuring Selected AbstractsMANAGERIALISM, FUNDAMENTALISM, AND THE RESTRUCTURING OF FAITH-BASED COMMUNITY SCHOOLSEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 2 2006Chaya Herman The essay is based on a larger research project that explores the profound effects of the ideological and managerial restructuring process in Johannesburg's Jewish community schools, the broader context for which has been South Africa's transformation to democracy. Herman suggests that these two dynamics are synergetic forces and that their accumulated effect has the power to shift the discourse of the community toward ghettoization and toward the creation of a homogenous community founded on a narrowly defined common identity. [source] WORKPLACE RESTRUCTURING AND URBAN FORM: THE CHANGING NATIONAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE CANADIAN WORKFORCEJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2010MARKUS MOOS ABSTRACT:,This article examines the relationship between emerging work arrangements and national settlement patterns. While growth is centralized in large cities, social commentators continue to suggest that workplace restructuring,facilitated by technological progress,encourages more dispersed settlement patterns, evoking concern about the environmental sustainability of the trend. Multivariate analysis using Canadian census data shows that with the exception of self-employed professionals, the home workers, and self-employed in nonmanual occupations have a lower tendency to reside in large cities than otherwise similar wage and salary earning commuters. However, household mobility and temporal trends suggest that workplace restructuring is not dispersing workers away from large cities by inducing mobility, but that take-up is higher in more remote areas. It is argued that workplace restructuring permits more dispersed national settlement patterns than if workers needed to move to large cities for proximity to employment growth. The article reflects on the implications of the findings for urban sustainability policies that promote compact urban forms and the policies that emphasize consumption amenities of cities to attract mobile workers. [source] "SCENOGRAPHIC" AND "COSMETIC" PLANNING: GLOBALIZATION AND TERRITORIAL RESTRUCTURING IN BUENOS AIRESJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2006LAURENCE CROT ABSTRACT:,The aim of the present article is to provide an account of the ways in which the impact exerted by globalizing forces on the territorial structure of the city of Buenos Aires has been mediated by local planning processes. After a brief review of the main trends and critiques found in the academic literature, the author examines how the territorial transformations that have taken place in Buenos Aires over the past fifteen years may not be simplistically related to,or blamed on,global pressures. It is argued that the determinacy imposed by long-term historical tendencies, together with specific territorial planning arrangements characteristic of the Argentine planning system, have played a major role in the production of Buenos Aires' territorial structuring over the past fifteen years. [source] ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND URBAN FOOD ACCESS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLICANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Howard Rosing The article describes how economic restructuring in the Dominican Republic during the 1980s and 1990s established the basis for urban food access challenges during the 2000s. Primarily based on research in Santiago, the second largest Dominican city, the article provides insights into how export-oriented development strategies, expanding trade liberalization, domestic political struggles, and patriarchal relations influenced access to food for low-income residents. During the early 2000s, many Santiago residents were engaged in an elaborate, androcentric exchange network that linked gendered income-generating strategies to credit-bearing food merchants who were, in turn, conjoined to a sequence of brokers all of whom were eventually linked to domestic and international producers by credit relations. Analysis of these findings illustrates how and why this exchange network existed, the importance of credit relations to its maintenance, and the ways in which government and U.S. food policies influenced urban provisioning patterns among the most economically and socially vulnerable population of Santiago. I argue that the rapidly changing social and spatial configurations of Latin American and Caribbean cities calls for innovative applied anthropological research into the processes that structure access to food resources by food insecure groups. By focusing on household food procurement in conjunction with exchange relations for a key staple, the article highlights practices and policies that enable and constrain food access for such groups. The article provides empirical data relevant to scholars and practitioners concerned with understanding the structural origins of the present-day food crisis in developing countries. [source] Discussion of "Operational Restructuring Charges and Post-Restructuring Performance",CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004PATRICIA M. DECHOW First page of article [source] Federal Restructuring in Ethiopia: Renegotiating Identity and Borders along the Oromo,Somali Ethnic FrontiersDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2010Asnake Kefale ABSTRACT When the Ethiopian state was reorganized as an ethnic federation in the 1990s, both ethnicity and governance experienced the impact of the change. Most importantly, ethnicity became the key instrument regarding entitlement, representation and state organization. For the larger ethnic groups, fitting into the new ethno-federal structure has been relatively straightforward. In contrast, ethnic federalism has necessitated a renegotiation of identity and of statehood among several smaller communities that straddle larger ethnic groups. It has also led to the reconfiguration of centre,periphery relations. This contribution discusses how the federal restructuring of Ethiopia with the aim of matching ethnic and political boundaries led to renegotiation of identity, statehood and centre,periphery relations among several Somali and Oromo clans that share considerable ethno-linguistic affinities. [source] Global Standards, Local Realities: Private Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring of the Kenyan Horticulture IndustryECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2010Stefan Ouma abstract Over the past decade, private food safety and quality standards have become focal points in the supply chain management of large retailers, reshaping governance patterns in global agrifood chains. In this article, I analyze the relationship between private collective standards and the governance of agrifood markets, using the EUREPGAP/GLOBALGAP standard as a vantage point. I discuss the impact of this standard on the organization of supply chains of fresh vegetables in the Kenyan horticulture industry, focusing on the supply chain relationships and practices among exporters and smallholder farmers. In so doing, I seek to highlight the often-contested nature of the implementation of standards in social fields that are marked by different and distributed principles of evaluating quality, production processes, and legitimate actions in the marketplace. I also reconstruct the challenges and opportunities that exporters and farmers are facing with regard to the implementation of and compliance with standards. Finally, I elaborate on the scope for action that producers and policymakers have under these structures to retain sectoral competitiveness in a global economy of qualities. [source] The Political Construction of Agro-Food Liberalization in East Asia: Lessons from the Restructuring of Japanese Dairy ProvisioningECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2004Bill Pritchard Abstract: This article asserts the significance of national-scale processes in the global restructuring of agro-food systems, especially in East Asia. Using an analysis of the recent restructuring in Japanese dairy provisioning, it documents how this trade remains orchestrated by government-commercial institutions that are organized and regulated to serve domestic agrarian interests. In the context of international disagreement on the future of the liberalization of agricultural trade, the implications of this study are that models of contemporary Asia Pacific agro-food restructuring should emphasize the ongoing importance of national institutions within the organization of trade, rather than assume prematurely the reality of a neoliberal marketplace. [source] Politics, Locality, and Economic Restructuring: California's Central Coast Strawberry Industry in the Post,World War II Period,ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2000Miriam J. Wells Abstract: This article challenges overly economistic, static, and homogenizing representations of contemporary economic restructuring through an in-depth ethnographic case study of the central coast California strawberry industry in the post,World War II period. It demonstrates that restructuring is much more uneven in its incidence and complex in its motivation than usually portrayed, and that politics and human agency are at its core. Because of the place-based nature of certain economic activity and the grounded experience of political process, its explication requires a sensitivity to space and place. [source] Financial Restructuring in Fresh-Start Chapter 11 ReorganizationsFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2009Randall A. Heron We find that firms substantially reduce their debt burden in "fresh-start" Chapter 11 reorganizations, yet they emerge with higher debt ratios than what is typical in their respective industries. While cross-sectional regressions reveal that post-reorganization debt ratios are more in line with the predictions of the static trade-off theory, they also reveal that pre-reorganization debt ratios affect post-reorganization debt ratios. Collectively, these results suggest that impediments in Chapter 11 prevent firms from completely resetting their capital structures. We also find that firms that reported positive operating income leading up to Chapter 11 emerge faster, suggesting that it is quicker to remedy strictly financial distress than economic distress. [source] The Impact of Industrial Restructuring on Earnings Inequality: The Decline of Steel and Earnings in PittsburghGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2004Patricia Beeson ABSTRACT Inter-industry employment shifts were largely responsible for changes in the income distribution in the Pittsburgh region during the 1980s. Kernel density estimators were used, together with decomposition techniques developed by DiNardo et al. (1996) to show that industry shifts were responsible for over 90 percent of the earnings reductions at some points on the earnings distribution. Most of the losses at the lower end of the distribution occurred in the early 1980s as the economy plunged into a deep recession. The recovery in the later part of the decade brought little improvement as earnings in the lower part of the distribution continued to fall with the increase in employment of part-time workers in the low-wage trade and service sectors. [source] Globalization and Restructuring during Downturns: A Case Study of CaliforniaGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2001Ashok Deo Bardhan Restructuring through foreign outsourcing, whereby greater imports of manufactured inputs substitute for blue-collar labor, is shown to intensify when industries experience declines in sales. The magnitude of this effect was four to seven times greater in California industries experiencing a 20 percent sales decline from 1987-1992, relative to those industries whose sales dropped by 5 percent. Foreign outsourcing explains a quarter to two-fifths of the rise in payroll inequality between blue and white collar workers in California and perhaps five to ten percent of the rise in the remainder of the U.S. Past work linked growing inequality with foreign outsourcing and restructuring with economic downturns. Here, foreign outsourcing is used as an example of a particular efficiency augmenting measure, which occurs predominantly, though not exclusively, in troubled industries. [source] The Struggle for a Social Europe: Trade Unions and EMU in Times of Global Restructuring , By Andreas BielerINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007Andrew MathersArticle first published online: 18 OCT 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Restructuring as a reaction to growing pressure on trade unionism: the case of the Austrian ÖGBINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Sabine Blaschke ABSTRACT After charting the specific problems that the Austrian Trade Union Confederation (ÖGB) faces, this article describes the ÖGB's predominant strategy in reaction to growing pressure: structural adjustments. They focus on external restructuring, especially mergers, and union administration. The article analyses the motivations for restructuring and assesses whether transformative restructuring can be observed. [source] Leading Sectors and Leading Regions: Economic Restructuring and Regional Inequality in Hungary since 1990INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007DAVID L. BROWN Abstract This article examines factors accounting for persisting regional inequality in Hungary during the regime change from socialism to a market economy in 1990. We examine the determinants of regional inequality through the lens of leading sector theory which has been used to explain why some ex-socialist countries have done better than others during the transformation. In other words, we ask whether some regions of Hungary are doing better than others for the same reasons that some ex-socialist countries have outperformed their counterparts. We use county level data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office to examine whether the quantity and types of foreign direct investment counties have received since 1990 are associated with regional inequality in per capita GDP. We find that foreign capitalists concentrate human-capital-intensive investment in already well performing locations because they have similar supply structures to their home economies. We also contend that no measure of institutional modernization is likely to make lagging regions attractive candidates for human-capital-intensive investments in the near future. Hence, regardless of the national state's efforts to target development to lagging areas, or the effectiveness of local institutions, lagging regions are likely to remain underdeveloped. We recommend that future field-based research be conducted to examine the nexus between FDI, the nation state and localities. Unraveling interrelationships between these three political economy sites will expose the causal forces sustaining regional inequalities during post-socialism. Résumé Cet article analyse les facteurs qui expliquent l'inégalité persistante entre régions hongroises lors du passage du socialisme à une économie de marché en 1990. Nous examinons les déterminants de l'inégalité régionale à travers la théorie du secteur moteur qui a servi à expliquer pourquoi certains ex-pays socialistes ont mieux réussi que d'autres pendant la transition. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à savoir si des régions de Hongrie font mieux que d'autres pour les mêmes raisons que certains ex-pays socialistes ont eu de meilleurs résultats que leurs homologues. Nous utilisons des données départementales provenant du Bureau central hongrois de la statistique afin d'examiner si la quantité et les types d'investissement direct à l'étranger que les départements ont reçu depuis 1990 sont associés à une inégalité régionale en termes de PIB par habitant. Nous établissons ainsi que les capitalistes étrangers concentrent leur investissement à fort capital humain dans des sites qui présentent déjà de bons résultats, les structures d'approvisionnement étant similaires à celles de leur économie nationale. Nous soutenons également que, dans le court terme, aucune mesure de modernisation institutionnelle ne va sans doute transformer les régions en retard en candidates intéressantes pour des investissements à fort capital humain. En conséquence, quels que soient les efforts de l'État national en vue de développer spécifiquement les zones en décalage, ou l'efficacité des institutions locales, les régions en retard resteront sans doute moins développées. Nous conseillons d'entreprendre à l'avenir des études de terrain afin d'analyser le lien entre IDE, État national et régions. Démêler les relations entre ces trois centres de l'économie politique révélera les forces en cause dans la durabilité des inégalités régionales pendant l'après-socialisme. [source] Transnational Governance in Global Finance: The Principles for Stable Capital Flows and Fair Debt Restructuring in Emerging Markets1INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2010Raymond Ritter This paper analyzes and assesses the "Principles for Stable Capital Flows and Fair Debt Restructuring in Emerging Markets," which have emerged as an important instrument for crisis prevention and crisis resolution in the international financial system. The paper argues that, notwithstanding their low profile, the Principles which were jointly agreed between key sovereign debtors and their private creditors in 2004 have proved to be a useful instrument in spite of their voluntary and non-binding nature. Indeed, an increasing number of sovereign debtors and private creditors have adopted the Principles' recommendations on transparency and the timely flow of information, close dialogue, "good faith" actions, and fair treatment. The paper, taking a rational choice perspective, appraises the Principles as the product of a transnational public-private partnership as well as a soft mode of governance. Moreover, it shows how the Principles have moved somewhat along the continuum of soft law and hard law toward the latter. Finally, the paper makes the case that the Principles and their design features can provide some lessons for the current international policy debate on codes of conduct in global financial regulation. [source] European Integration and the Transnational Restructuring of Social Relations: The Emergence of Labour as a Regional Actor?,JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2005ANDREAS BIELER Informed by a neo-Gramscian perspective able to conceptualize transnational class formation, this article assesses whether European trade union organizations have developed into independent supranational actors, or whether they are merely secretariats in charge of organizing the co-operation of their national member associations. The first hypothesis is that those trade unions which organize workers in transnational production sectors, are likely to co-operate at the European level, because they have lost control over capital at the national level. Trade unions, organizing workers in domestic production sectors, may be more reluctant because their sectors still depend on national protection. The second hypothesis is that trade unions are more likely to co-operate at the European level if they perceive such an engagement as furthering their influence on policy-making in comparison with structural possibilities at the national level. Additionally, in line with the critical dimension of neo-Gramscian perspectives, it will be assessed whether European co-operation implies acceptance of neo-liberal economics, or whether unions continue to resist restructuring. [source] Productive Restructuring and ,Standardization' in Mexican Horticulture: Consequences for LabourJOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 2 2010HUBERT CARTON DE GRAMMONT In this paper we discuss how the establishment of strict quality and food safety norms for horticulture to satisfy the current consumer demands has forced enterprises to invest in modifying their productive processes. In the light of the unavoidable trend in favour of consumers, we analyze the precarious situation of farm workers, a situation that is not in tune with the concept of decent work promoted by the International Labour Organization or with the Social Accountability Standard promoted by the United Nations. We conclude that the enterprises have achieved major progress in productive restructuring to comply with quality standards, but at the expense of their workers' salaries and living and working conditions. This contradiction between the well-being of the consumer and the misery of the worker is a fundamental characteristic explaining the current success of globalized agro-food systems. [source] Restructuring and Redundancy: The Impacts and Illogic of Neoliberal Agricultural Reforms in JamaicaJOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 4 2004TONY WEIS Since the onset of IMF lending in the late 1970s, Washington-based planners have progressively compelled the Jamaican state to abandon its role in agriculture. Jamaica's agricultural adjustment occurred in two stages: first, agricultural development programmes were rolled back in the 1980s; second, liberalizing pressures in the 1990s threatened both the uncompetitive plantation sector (imperilling preferential markets) and domestically oriented small farmers (initiating a flood of cheap food imports). Today, agriculture in Jamaica is on the brink of irrelevance, with serious social and economic consequences in the balance. In critically assessing the process, impacts and illogic of agricultural restructuring in Jamaica, this paper highlights the uneven outcomes of global market integration and points to the urgent need for a reassertion of local sovereignty. [source] Global Restructuring and Liberalization: Côte d 'Ivoire and the End of the International Cocoa Market?JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 2 2002Bruno Losch The restructuring of the world cocoa market has concluded with the liberalization of the sector in the world's leading producing country, Côte d'Ivoire, clearing the way for domination by an oligopoly of global companies. This paper describes how Côte d'Ivoire's share of world production created an illusion but not the reality of market power. In the 1990s, in the wake of failed attempts to influence the world market, the Ivorian cocoa sector experienced a series of upheavals that were both pivotal to broader changes in the global market and a refiection of them. The converging strategies of new Ivorianfirms and of the major global grinding companies resulted in increased vertical integration in Côte d'Ivoire, exemplified in the development of ,origin grinding '. Later, financial difficulties encountered by Ivorian firms led to global companies taking control. Amongst the results of these changes are a decline in the role of traders, a redefinition of the relationship between grinders and chocolate manufacturers, and a standardization of cocoa quality around an average ,bulk' level. This signals the end of ,the producing countries' and of the global market. [source] NIGERIA: Central Bank RestructuringAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 2 2010Article first published online: 1 APR 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Restructuring "Germany Inc.": The Politics of Company and Takeover Law Reform in Germany and the European UnionLAW & POLICY, Issue 4 2002John W. Cioffi The reform of German company law by the Control and Transparency Law (KonTraG) of 1998 reveals the politics of corporate governance liberalization. The reforms strengthened the supervisory board, shareholder rights, and shareholder equality, but left intra-corporate power relations largely intact. Major German financial institutions supported the reform's contribution to the modernization of German finance, but blocked mandatory divestment of equity stakes and cross-shareholding. Conversely, organized labor prevented any erosion of supervisory board codetermination. Paradoxically, by eliminating traditional takeover defenses, the KonTraG's liberalization of company law mobilized German political opposition to the European Union's (EU) draft Takeover Directive and limited further legal liberalization. [source] The Defaultable Lévy Term Structure: Ratings and RestructuringMATHEMATICAL FINANCE, Issue 2 2003Ernst Eberlein We introduce the intensity-based defaultable Lévy term structure model. It generalizes the default-free Lévy term structure model by Eberlein and Raible, and the intensity-based defaultable Heath-Jarrow-Morton approach of Bielecki and Rutkowski. Furthermore, we include the concept of multiple defaults, based on Schönbucher, within this generalization. [source] In the Name of Harmony and Prosperity: Labor and Gender Politics in Taiwan's Economic RestructuringAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2005HILL GATES No abstract is available for this article. [source] Rationalising Hospital Services: Reflections on Hospital Restructuring and its Impacts in New ZealandNEW ZEALAND GEOGRAPHER, Issue 1 2000J. ROSSBARNETT ABSTRACT This paper investigates recent patterns of hospital restructuring in New Zealand and discusses the extent to which emerging forms of governance and changes in hospital provision conform to Jessop's (1994) idea of the ,hollowed out' state. The paper places the 1993 reforms within their historical context and examines processes of decentralisation, downsizing, privatisation and cost shifting within the hospital sector. It concludes with a discussion of some of the implications of hospital restructuring for regions, communities and their medical care providers and lays out some of the key questions which should rank high on the geographical research agenda. [source] Institutional Embeddedness and Chaebol Restructuring in the Korean Economy*PACIFIC FOCUS, Issue 1 2002Dong-Won Sohn First page of article [source] Molecular adsorbate induced restructuring of a stepped Cu(110) surfacePHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 12 2005N. P. Blanchard Abstract We correlate linear optical reflectance spectra with scanning tunnelling microscopy data to observe the restructuring of a stepped Cu(110) surface by exposure to molecular oxygen. Restructuring is found on the atomic and nanometer length scales. The (2 × 1)-O added row structure is formed on the stepped Cu(110) surface, independent of the occupancy of the lower lying surface state at . We find that heating the (2 × 1)-O surface results in further and considerable restructuring of the surface. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Spaces of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western EuropeTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 2 2006Wieslaw Michalak No abstract is available for this article. [source] Restructuring, gender and employment in flux: a geography of regional change in Cornwall, OntarioTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 2 2001MEGAN K.L. MCKENNA For the past two decades, uneven development in general, and the changing structure of the labour market in particular, have figured prominently in geographic literature explaining the possible trajectories of restructuring events in industrial countries. This paper explores the regional nature of various socio-economic processes shaping gendered employment patterns in Cornwall, eastern Ontario. Focussing on the dimensions of workforce ,feminisation' we argue for a critical reexamination of gender-neutral regional geographies in understanding how gendered divisions of labour and local identity formation and concepts of ,class' are in flux. [source] The Devil is in the (Bio)diversity: Private Sector "Engagement" and the Restructuring of Biodiversity ConservationANTIPODE, Issue 3 2010Kenneth Iain MacDonald Abstract:, Intensified relations between biodiversity conservation organizations and private-sector actors are analyzed through a historical perspective that positions biodiversity conservation as an organized political project. Within this view the organizational dimensions of conservation exist as coordinated agreement and action among a variety of actors that take shape within radically asymmetrical power relations. This paper traces the privileged position of "business" in aligning concepts of sustainable development and ecological modernization within the emerging institutional context of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Global Environment Facility in ways that help to secure continued access to "nature as capital", and create the institutional conditions to shape the work of conservation organizations. The contemporary emergence of business as a major actor in shaping contemporary biodiversity conservation is explained in part by the organizational characteristics of modernist conservation that subordinates it to larger societal and political projects such as neoliberal capitalism. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||