Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Respective Solution (respective + solution)
Selected AbstractsElastic half-space under an oblique line impulseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 12 2003Moche Ziv Abstract This paper presents transient deformation of an elastic half-space under two types of line-concentrated impulsive loads applied simultaneously. One load is a sustainable normal force, while the other is a momentarily applied vector shear force. For each of the two loads the author gave the respective solution in two separate papers. Here the two solutions are superimposed to determine the response of the half-space under the combined loads. The present work is devoted to the salient wave propagation features seen in the resultant computer plots that disclose the strained half-space. Since each critical deformation is explicitly indicated in the plots by a wave front, the interpretation of the response of the half-space to the applied load is readily available at a glance. A comparison is then presented that identifies those deformation traits and wave fronts, among the nineteen here, that are more closely related to those found in previous works. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances the Drought Tolerance in Fine Grain Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 4 2009M. Farooq Abstract Drought stress is a severe threat to the sustainable rice production, which causes oxidative damage and disturbs plant water relations, while exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO) may have the potential to alleviate these effects in rice plants. In this study, the role of NO to improve drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Basmati 2000) was evaluated. Sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, was used at 50, 100 and 150 ,mol l,1 both as seed priming and foliar spray. To prime, the seeds were soaked in aerated NO solution of respective solution for 48 h and dried back to original weight. Primed and non-primed seeds were sown in plastic pots with normal irrigation in a greenhouse. At four leaf stage, plants were subjected to drought stress except the controls, which were kept at full field capacity. Drought was maintained at 50 % of field capacity by watering when needed. Two controls were maintained; both receiving no NO treatments as foliar application or seed treatment, one under drought conditions and the other under well-watered conditions. Drought stress seriously reduced the rice growth, but both methods of NO application alleviated the stress effects. Drought tolerance in rice was strongly related to the maintenance of tissue water potential and enhanced capacity of antioxidants, improved stability of cellular membranes and enhanced photosynthetic capacity, plausibly by signalling action of NO. Foliar treatments proved more effective than the seed treatments. Among NO treatment, 100 ,mol l,1 foliar spray was more effective. [source] Chemical and morphological features of dental composite resin: Influence of light curing units and immersion mediaMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 3 2010Patrícia Aleixo Dos Santos Abstract Aims: The study evaluated the influence of light curing units and immersion media on superficial morphology and chemistry of the nanofilled composite resin Supreme XT (3M) through the EDX analysis and SEM evaluation. Light curing units with different power densities and mode of application used were XL 3000 (480 mW/cm2), Jet Lite 4000 Plus (1230mW/cm2), and Ultralume Led 5 (790 mW/cm2) and immersion media were artificial saliva, Coke®, tea and coffee, totaling 12 experimental groups. Specimens (10 mm × 2 mm) were immersed in each respective solution for 5 min, three times a day, during 60 days and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C ± 1°C between immersion periods. Topography and chemical analysis was qualitative. Findings: Groups immersed in artificial saliva, showed homogeneous degradation of matrix and deposition of calcium at the material surface. Regarding coffee, there was a reasonable chemical degradation with loss of load particles and deposition of ions. For tea, superficial degradation occurred in specific areas with deposition of calcium, carbon, potassium and phosphorus. For Coke®, excessive matrix degradation and loss of load particles with deposition of calcium, sodium, and potassium. Conclusion: Light curing units did not influence the superficial morphology of composite resin tested, but the immersion beverages did. Coke® affected material's surface more than did the other tested drinks. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparison of EML 105 and Advantage analysers measuring capillary versus venous whole blood glucose in neonatesACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2001PJ McNamara Aim: Near-patient blood glucose monitoring is an essential component of neonatal intensive care but the analysers currently used are unreliable and inaccurate. The aim of this study was to compare a new glucose electrode-based analyser (EML 105) and a non-wipe reflectance photometry method (Advantage) as opposed to a recognized laboratory reference method (Hexokinase). We also investigated the effect of sample route and haematocrit on the accuracy of the glucose readings obtained by each method of analysis. Methods: Whole blood glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 3.5mmol/l were carefully prepared in a laboratory setting and blood samples from each respective solution were then measured by EML 105 and Advantage analysers. The results obtained were then compared with the corresponding plasma glucose reading obtained by the Hexokinase method, using linear regression analysis. An in vivo study was subsequently performed on 103 neonates, over a 1-y period, using capillary and venous whole blood samples. Whole blood glucose concentration was estimated from each sample using both analysers and compared with the corresponding plasma glucose concentration estimated by the Hexokinase method. Venous blood was centrifuged and haematocrit was estimated using standardized curves. The effect of haematocrit on the agreement between whole blood and plasma glucose was investigated, estimating the degree of correlation on a scatterplot of the results and linear regression analysis. Results: Both the EML 105 and Hexokinase methods were highly accurate, in vitro, with small proportional biases of 2% and 5%, respectively. However, in vivo, both study analysers overestimated neonatal plasma glucose, ranging from at best 0.45 mmol/l (EML 105 venous) to 0.69 mmol/l (EML capillary). There was no significant difference in the agreement of capillary (GD = 0.12, 95% CI. {-0.32,0.08}, p= 0.2) or venous samples (GD = 0.05, 95% CI. {0.09, 0.19}, p= 0.49) with plasma glucose when analysed by either study method (GD = glucose difference between study analyser and reference method) However, the venous samples analysed by EML 105 estimated plasma glucose significantly better than capillary samples using the same method of analysis (GD = 0.24, 95% CI. {0.09, 0.38}, p < 0.01). The relationship between haematocrit and the resultant glucose differences was non-linear with correlation coefficients of r= -0.057 (EML 105 capillary), r= 0.145 (EML 105 venous), r= -0.127 (Advantage capillary) and r= -0.275 (Advantage venous). There was no significant difference in the effect of haematocrit on the performance of EML 105 versus Advantage, regardless of the sample route. Conclusion: Both EML 105 and Advantage overestimated plasma glucose, with no significant difference in the performance of either analyser, regardless of the route of analysis. Agreement with plasma glucose was better for venous samples but this was only statistically significant when EML 105 capillary and venous results were compared. Haematocrit is not a significant confounding factor towards the performance of either EML 105 or Advantage in neonates, regardless of the route of sampling. The margin of overestimation of blood glucose prohibits the recommendation of both EML 105 and Advantage for routine neonatal glucose screening. The consequences include failure accurately to diagnose hypoglycaemia and delays in the instigation of therapeutic measures, both of which may potentially result in an adverse, long-term, neurodevelopmental outcome. [source] Application of crosslinkers to dentin collagen enhances the ultimate tensile strengthJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007Ana Karina B. Bedran-Russo Abstract The stabilization of dentin collagen with biocompatible crosslinking agents may be of clinical importance to improve dentin bond strength. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of three collagen crosslinking agents on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of undemineralized and demineralized dentin. Ten freshly extracted sound molars were sectioned into 0.5 × 0.5 mm2 thick beams. The beams were either demineralized or kept undemineralized. Then, specimens were subdivided into four groups according to treatments,PBS solution (control), 5% glutaraldehyde (GD), 0.5% proanthocyanidin PBS solution (PA), and 0.625% genipin PBS solution (GE). Specimens were kept in their respective solutions for either 4 or 40 h. To assess UTS, specimens were subjected to tensile forces at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p < 0.05). Statistically significant increases in UTS were observed for demineralized dentin after PA and GE dentin treatment, when compared with those of the control group. Dentin treated with GD showed no statistically significant differences in UTS when compared with that the control. Undemineralized dentin revealed no significant differences as compared to that of the control, regardless of the collagen crosslinkers. The application of two naturally occurring crosslinkers, i.e., PA and GE, to dentin collagen significantly improves UTS, indicating its potential value in restorative dentistry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007 [source] Exact solutions of space,time dependent non-linear Schrödinger equationsMATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 9 2004Hang-yu Ruan Abstract Using a general symmetry approach we establish transformations between different non-linear space,time dependent evolution equations of Schrödinger type and their respective solutions. As a special case we study the transformation of the standard non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS)-equation to a NLS-equation with a dispersion coefficient which decreases exponentially with increasing distance along the fiber. By this transformation we construct from well known solutions of the standard NLS-equation some new exact solutions of the NLS-equation with dispersion. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Non-linear initial boundary value problems of hyperbolic,parabolic type.MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002A general investigation of admissible couplings between systems of higher order. This is the second part of an article that is devoted to the theory of non-linear initial boundary value problems. We consider coupled systems where each system is of higher order and of hyperbolic or parabolic type. Our goal is to characterize systematically all admissible couplings between systems of higher order and different type. By an admissible coupling we mean a condition that guarantees the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to the respective initial boundary value problem. In part 1, we develop the underlying theory of linear hyperbolic and parabolic initial boundary value problems. Testing the PDEs with suitable functions we obtain a priori estimates for the respective solutions. In particular, we make use of the regularity theory for linear elliptic boundary value problems that was previously developed by the author. In part 2 at hand, we prove the local in time existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to the quasilinear initial boundary value problem (3.4) using the so-called energy method. In the above sense the regularity assumptions (A6) and (A7) about the coefficients and right-hand sides define the admissible couplings. In part 3, we extend the results of part 2 to non-linear initial boundary value problems. In particular, the assumptions about the respective parameters correspond to the previous regularity assumptions and hence define the admissible couplings now. Moreover, we exploit the assumptions about the respective parameters for the case of two coupled systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Non-linear initial boundary value problems of hyperbolic,parabolic type.MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002A general investigation of admissible couplings between systems of higher order. This is the third part of an article that is devoted to the theory of non-linear initial boundary value problems. We consider coupled systems where each system is of higher order and of hyperbolic or parabolic type. Our goal is to characterize systematically all admissible couplings between systems of higher order and different type. By an admissible coupling we mean a condition that guarantees the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to the respective initial boundary value problem. In part 1, we develop the underlying theory of linear hyperbolic and parabolic initial boundary value problems. Testing the PDEs with suitable functions we obtain a priori estimates for the respective solutions. In particular, we make use of the regularity theory for linear elliptic boundary value problems that was previously developed by the author. In part 2, we prove the local in time existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to quasilinear initial boundary value problems using the so-called energy method. In the above sense the regularity assumptions about the coefficients and right-hand sides define the admissible couplings. In part 3 at hand, we extend the results of part 2 to the nonlinear initial boundary value problem (4.2). In particular, assumptions (B8) and (B9) about the respective parameters correspond to the previous regularity assumptions and hence define the admissible couplings now. Moreover, we exploit assumptions (B8) and (B9) for the case of two coupled systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||