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Respective Fields (respective + field)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

The Space Mission MIR'97: operational aspects

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 12 2000
R. Ewald
Background A German astronaut visited the MIR space station between 10 February and 2 March 1997. Together with his Russian colleagues, he conducted a series of scientific investigations before, during and after his stay aboard the MIR station. Research performed during this flight was part of a global space life sciences programme and focused on metabolic homeostasis, fluid balance, calcium homeostasis and cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. The main goal of the scientific experiments was to use this mission as a milestone to establish international networks of scientific collaboration using space research as a tool for focused research in respective fields. Thus, in most cases the results obtained from the astronaut complemented a series of results obtained on ground and from other flights. In other cases, they extended previous results and opened new fields for future research. Participants Human space flight with astronauts serving as operators and at the same time as test subjects is very complex. Many people, including mission control, a science management team, medical operations, ethics committees and a medical board, participated to harmonize the different requirements, thus making a maximal scientific outcome possible. Conclusion In summary, this space mission may be seen as a model for focused long-term multidisciplinary international research, and demonstrates that space medicine is no longer adventure but science. [source]

GENEALOGIES OF THE GRID: REVISITING STANISLAWSKI'S SEARCH FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE GRID,PATTERN TOWN,

GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2008
REDWOOD, REUBEN S. ROSE
ABSTRACT. As a spatial form, the grid pattern has influenced a range of human activities, from urban planning, architecture, and modern art to graphic design, archaeology, and cartography. Scholars from different disciplines have generally explored the role of the grid within their respective fields of inquiry. One of the earliest geographical attempts to systematically trace the origin and diffusion of the grid-pattern town was provided by Dan Stanislawski in the mid,twentieth century. In this article I critically examine the limitations of Stanislawski's theory of the grid's origin as a means of challenging the doctrine of diffusionism more generally. I then provide a selective overview of recent approaches to understanding the grid and call for a comparative genealogy of gridded spaces and places. [source]

Creativity Defined: Implicit Theories in the Professions of Interior Design, Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Engineering

JOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 1 2002
Margaret Portillo Ph.D.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine implicit theories of creativity in related fields through a mail survey of 3 1 3 professors randomly selected from accredited programs in interior design, architecture, landscape architecture, and engineering. To describe a highly creative practitioner in their respective fields, the respondents completed the Gough Adjective Check List (ACL), scored with the Domino creativity scale (Cr). The interior design professors generated a profile of the creative practitioner that obtained a significantly higher mean score than did the architecture or engineering groups on the ACL-Cr scale. No other significant differences on the creativity scale appeared between groups. Exploratory analyses of individual ACL-Cr items found considerable agreement as to what constituted creativeness in implicit theories. At least 75 percent of the respondents in each group described the creative practitioner in their respective fields as imaginative, inventive, and adventurous. Disciplinary differences among groups surfaced in 21 traits on the ACL-Cr scale that were statistically significant in areas of artistic creativity, scientific creativity, intelligence, self-confidence, and task orientation. Further, the creative interior design practitioner was perceived as significantly more individualistic and original than in the other three fields, and sixteen other traits significantly differentiated interior design profiles from those posited in architecture, landscape architecture, or engineering. By promoting a scholarship of integration, findings reveal perceived traits of the creative practitioner in allied fields and advance interdisciplinary understanding. Design educators are encouraged to reflect on their own implicit theories of creativity and those of their students to acknowledge underlying assumptions about creativity that can influence innovation and collaboration. [source]

Seeking red herrings in the wood: tending the shared spaces of environmental and feminist geographies

THE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 1 2007
MAUREEN G. REED
In this article I argue the need for feminist and environmental geographers to work more diligently to find, mind and tend the intersections of their research agendas to enrich scholarship and deepen impacts on public policy. Such a project requires us to move beyond an obvious call to acknowledge one another's work and towards the boundaries of our respective fields in order to co-create ,boundary objects' that provide opportunities for mutual exchange, collaboration and learning. Rather than being ,red herrings' or diversions from our main research foci, boundary objects bring new insights to taken-for-granted concepts. I focus on one example to argue that social sustainability of rural places is better understood by an integrated understanding of what constitutes a ,worker' in a forestry community. A redefinition of the worker that draws on insights and interests from both environmental and feminist geographers reveals an underlying gender bias in environmental decision-making processes and illustrates how the concept of social sustainability has been artificially restricted in practice. Nevertheless, collaborations are never easy. I draw attention to potential challenges of such collaborations that include the need to establish mutually agreeable protocols, joint commitment to constructive, respectful debate and strategies to ensure that research provides meaningful contributions to theory and public policy. Dans cet article, je vais tenter de montrer que les géographes féministes et les géographes de l'environnement auront à travailler avec plus d'acharnement pour reconnaître, étudier et entretenir les points communs de leurs agendas de recherche en vue d'augmenter la valeur scientifique des études et d'accroître les retombées sur les politiques publiques. Un tel projet exige que nous puissions dépasser le stade de la reconnaissance de nos travaux et se tourner ainsi vers les frontières de nos disciplines afin de co-créer des ,objets frontaliers' qui offrent des possibilités d'échanges d'idées, de collaboration et d'apprentissage. Plutôt qu'être des ,fausses pistes' ou des déviations de nos principaux thèmes de recherche, ces objets frontaliers pourraient apporter un éclairage nouveau sur des concepts tenus pour acquis. À l'aide d'un exemple, j'avance que pour mieux comprendre la durabilité sociale en milieux ruraux, il faut acquérir une compréhension intégrée de l'ensemble des dimensions d'un ,ouvrier' membre d'une communauté forestière. L'ouvrier est redéfini en mettant à contribution les connaissances et intérêts des géographes environnementaux et féministes. Cette définition met au jour un parti pris fondé sur le sexe dans les processus décisionnels en matière d'environnement et démontre de quelle façon le concept de la durabilité sociale s'en trouve artificiellement restreint dans la pratique. Les collaborations ne sont cependant jamais faciles àétablir. J'attire l'attention sur les difficultés potentielles de ces collaborations concernant notamment la mise en place de protocoles acceptables pour les deux parties, la promesse de tenir des débats constructifs et respectueux, et les stratégies visant à garantir que la recherche participe de manière vitale autant au développement de la théorie que des politiques publiques. [source]