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Respect
Kinds of Respect Selected AbstractsPRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE ETHICS OF RECOGNITION, RESPONSIBILITY, AND RESPECTBIOETHICS, Issue 9 2009MATTI HÄYRY ABSTRACT Ethics can be understood as a code of behaviour or as the study of codes of behaviour. While the mission of the International Association of Bioethics is a scholarly examination of moral issues in health care and the biological sciences, many people in the field believe that it is also their task to create new and better codes of practice. Both ways of doing bioethics are sound, but it is important to be aware of the distinction. In this paper, I will study the sources and aims of ethics and suggest a code of conduct for bioethicists based on recognition, responsibility, and respect. [source] MASS-VACCINATION PROGRAMMES AND THE VALUE OF RESPECT FOR AUTONOMYBIOETHICS, Issue 5 2008LOTTE ASVELD ABSTRACT Respect for autonomy is problematic in relation to public health programmes such as vaccination, as the success of such programmes depends on widespread compliance. European countries have different policies for dealing with objectors to vaccination programmes. In some countries compliance is compulsory, while in others objectors are exempted or allowed to enter the programme under specific conditions. In this paper I argue that the objectors should not be treated as a homogenous group as is done in the above-mentioned policies. Objectors have different arguments for not participating in vaccination programmes. Considering the value of respect for autonomy, some but not all of these arguments need to be accommodated by authorities. The concept of ,narrative autonomy' provides criteria to distinguish between tenable and untenable claims to the right to refuse vaccination. Narrative autonomy understands autonomy as essentially linked to identity, as this provides the moral framework with which we assess our first-order preferences. The above-mentioned concept of autonomy is derived from the concept of narrative identity as described by Marya Schechtman. She suggests that the application of the Articulation Constraint and the Reality Constraint enables us to establish the validity of personal narratives. Additionally, form and content features of identity, as proposed by Anthony Laden, will be used as criteria to establish the compatibility of the defectors' arguments with shared scientific and political values. Such compatibility is essential to accommodate respect for autonomy in the context of public health. [source] Discipline and the Arts of Domination: Rituals of Respect in Chimborazo, EcuadorCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Barry J. Lyons Mestizo and indigenous authorities on 20th-century highland Ecuadorian haciendas exercised authority through culturally hybrid practices of ritual discipline. Rather than opposing force to persuasion, I argue that hacienda discipline used coercion as part of a strategy of persuasion. This argument is tied to a social-structural as well as cultural notion of hegemony: By regulating internal social relations, authorities linked their power to the notion of morality and "respect" held by subordinates, thereby also shaping the latter's understanding of resistance. [source] Toleration, Respect and Recognition: Some tensionsEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2010Mitja Sardo No abstract is available for this article. [source] Respect and Disrespect: Cultural and Developmental Origins.ETHOS, Issue 1 2010(eds.) San Francisco: Wiley Periodicals, Barbara J. Shwalb, David W. Shwalb, Inc. 2006. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Self-respect and the Respect of OthersEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2010Colin Bird It concentrates on a particular version of the claim defended by Avishai Margalit. The paper argues that Margalit's arguments fail to explain why the rival stoic view, that agents ultimately retain responsibility for their own self-respect, is incorrect. [source] Disability, Respect and JusticeJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2010LINDA BARCLAY abstract Recent political philosophers have argued that criteria of social justice that defend distributing resources to individuals on the basis of the disadvantages of their natural endowments are disrespectful and disparaging. Clearly influenced by the social model of disability, Elizabeth Anderson and Thomas Pogge have recently defended criteria of social justice that distribute resources to people with disabilities on the basis of eliminating discrimination, not making up for so-called natural disadvantage. I argue that it is implausible to suggest that just entitlements for people with disability can be secured solely by eliminating discrimination. Resources for people with disabilities must sometimes be justified on the grounds that some natural endowments pose disadvantages even in societies that do not discriminate. I argue further that there need be nothing at all disrespectful about this way of explaining disadvantage; nor have proponents of the social model of disability or political philosophers provided any compelling reasons for supposing that it is disrespectful. There is thus no motivation for Anderson's and Pogge's attempts to secure justice for people with disabilities by appealing solely to the imperative to eliminate discrimination. [source] Archaeology and Respect for the DeadJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2003Geoffrey Scarre abstract,Contemporary archaeologists commonly acknowledge moral responsibilities to the descendants of the subjects whose remains they disturb. There has been comparatively little reflection within the professional community on whether they have duties to the dead themselves. I argue that doing wrong to the dead is not reducible to harming their successors; that there are ways in which archaeologists can wrong the dead qua the living persons they once were; and that nevertheless this may not have such radical implications for the practice of archaeology as might first be imagined. [source] What does partnership in care mean for children's nurses?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3 2007Dip N, Polly Lee MSc Aim and objective., To explore partnership in care with a small sample of children's nurses in an inner city trust. (i) To obtain local data on what a sample of children's nurses understand by partnership in care and to what degree partnership in care is evident in their practice; (ii) where feasible, to compare these data with national and international literatures describing partnership in care and provide pointers that will be useful in contributing and responding to the children's national service framework. Background., Partnership in care has been practised within children's nursing in UK for over a decade, but is an amorphous topic. More recently, it has been suggested that partnership in care can be described as a part of the spectrum of family-centred care. An exploratory study with 10 experienced children's nurses was undertaken to determine what they understood by the term partnership in care. Results., Seven categories emerged from the data: attitudes, respect for family, communication, parent understanding, effective partnership, all parties (satisfied) and improved well-being. Conclusion., It is suggested that a negative approach to one of the first four categories leads to ineffective partnership in care. Relevance to clinical practice., Attitudes, respect for the family and communication should improve to enhance the practice of partnership in care. Respect for the child and family and communication have both been identified as important qualities within the new National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services. Further research is suggested to determine the applicability of these findings to other members of the multi-disciplinary team. [source] Respect and the FamilyJOURNAL OF FAMILY THEORY & REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Susan S. Hendrick Respect is an important construct that plays a major role in interpersonal relations at the dyadic, family, and group levels. We review the multiple definitions of respect and build a model of respect. On the basis of general developmental family theory, we discuss respect in dyadic romantic relationships and in the family. Cultural aspects of respect are presented, and the article concludes with a proposed agenda for future research on respect in the family. [source] Rights, Respect, and the Decent SocietyJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2000George E. Panichas First page of article [source] Following the Nyinkka: Relations of Respect and Obligations to Act in the Collaborative Work of Aboriginal Cultural CentersMUSEUM ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Kimberly Christen In July 2003 the Warumungu Aboriginal community opened the Nyinkka Nyunyu Art and Culture Centre in Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, Australia. Nyinkka Nyunyu is a Warumungu community center, museum, and tourist destination. As such it embodies the eclectic and practical modalities of Aboriginal business. This article examines the practices of Aboriginal representation and self-determination through the behind-the-scenes work of community consultation, collaboration, and culturemaking. Looking to existing social relations and systems of obligation, the Warumungu community's production of the visual displays for the Centre demonstrates the interdependent networks forged out of a colonial history of displacement and a present trajectory of alliance-building. [source] The Ethics of Respect in NegotiationNEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Jonathan R. Cohen First page of article [source] The Real Hiphop: Battling for Knowledge, Power, and Respect in the LA Underground by Marcyliena MorganAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2010RAYMOND CODRINGTON No abstract is available for this article. [source] Respect in southeast asian American children and adolescents: Cultural and contextual influencesNEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 114 2006Carl L. Bankston III There are similarities and differences in the concept of respect as it develops in American children and adolescents whose families came from Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and the Philippines. In addition, respect has different effects on adjustment, relationships, and achievement at home and at school, depending on whether cultural groups were primarily refugees or immigrants. [source] Respect in Japanese childhood, adolescence, and societyNEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 114 2006Shuji Sugie The meaning of respect changed historically in postwar Japan, and respect as a concept is important yet unnoticed in postmodern Japanese society. Contrary to the perception of Japanese socialization as instilling conformist respect and obedience in children and adolescents, this chapter shows why one commentator predicts that Japan may be changing from a "society of respect" to a "society of scorn." [source] Growing Up in a Culture of Respect: Child Rearing in Highland Peru, by Inge BolinAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2008ENRIQUE MAYER First page of article [source] Respect in close relationships: Prototype definition, self-report assessment, and initial correlatesPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, Issue 2 2002Jennifer R. Frei Researchers who study romantic relationships have mentioned respect as a factor contributing to relationship success, but little effort has been made to define respect, measure it, or discover how it relates to other relationship constructs. In Study 1 a prototype methodology was used to identify consensual features of respect. Participants in Study 2 rated the centrality of the features of respect and completed a new prototype-based respect-for-partner scale that was highly reliable and correlated in predictable ways with avoidant attachment and evaluative aspects of partner descriptions. In Study 3, the new respect scale predicted relationship satisfaction better than scales measuring liking, loving, attachment-related anxiety and avoidance, and positive and negative partner qualities. Suggestions are offered for future research on respect. [source] Reconsidering Respect: Its Role in Her Majesty's Prison ServiceTHE HOWARD JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE, Issue 2 2007MICHELLE BUTLER It is argued that respect-as-esteem and respect-as-consideration are often confused and unequally emphasised in modern society. This confusion is especially evident within the prison context where, due to the prison service's ,decency agenda', the respectful treatment of inmates has become a topical issue. What does respect mean in prison? Why is it important? How can respectful relationships be established between staff and inmates? This article discusses these questions and proposes that there are different forms of respect possible between people. It is argued that there needs to be a recognition of the nuances of meaning when we use the word respect and that ,respect-as-consideration' may be the form of respect most consistently achievable, at the present time, within interpersonal relationships in English and Welsh prisons. [source] Demanding Respect: The Evolution of the American Comic Book by Paul LopesTHE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 2 2010Paul Kahan No abstract is available for this article. [source] Moderate Secularism, Religion as Identity and Respect for ReligionTHE POLITICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2010TARIQ MODOOD Political secularism takes many forms but a fundamental distinction is between radical and moderate kinds. The latter is a genuine secularism and not just a failure to take secularism to its logical conclusion. The failure to appreciate this obscures the secularism that exists in western Europe. Namely, an accommodation of organised religion which sees it as a potential public good or national resource (not just a private benefit), which the state can in some circumstances assist to realise,even through an ,established' church. I adumbrate five types of reasons the state might be interested in religion: truth, danger, utility, identity and respect. The challenge facing such secularism today is whether it can be pluralised or multiculturalised, in particular whether it can accommodate Muslims. A ground for optimism is the respect that some people, especially some Muslims, have for religions other than their own. [source] Collaborative Intelligence = RespectARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Issue 2 2009Keith Kaseman Abstract Cultural projects today are often unprecedented in their complexity, scale and collaborative effort. Keith Kaseman, partner of Kaseman Beckman Advanced Strategies (KBAS), describes how building information modelling (BIM) enabled the realisation of the Pentagon Memorial in Arlington, Virginia. Twenty-eight contractors and consultants were brought on board in the design and delivery of the monument's 184 ,memorial units', which collectively commemorate the individual lives lost at the Pentagon on 11 September 2001. [source] MASS-VACCINATION PROGRAMMES AND THE VALUE OF RESPECT FOR AUTONOMYBIOETHICS, Issue 5 2008LOTTE ASVELD ABSTRACT Respect for autonomy is problematic in relation to public health programmes such as vaccination, as the success of such programmes depends on widespread compliance. European countries have different policies for dealing with objectors to vaccination programmes. In some countries compliance is compulsory, while in others objectors are exempted or allowed to enter the programme under specific conditions. In this paper I argue that the objectors should not be treated as a homogenous group as is done in the above-mentioned policies. Objectors have different arguments for not participating in vaccination programmes. Considering the value of respect for autonomy, some but not all of these arguments need to be accommodated by authorities. The concept of ,narrative autonomy' provides criteria to distinguish between tenable and untenable claims to the right to refuse vaccination. Narrative autonomy understands autonomy as essentially linked to identity, as this provides the moral framework with which we assess our first-order preferences. The above-mentioned concept of autonomy is derived from the concept of narrative identity as described by Marya Schechtman. She suggests that the application of the Articulation Constraint and the Reality Constraint enables us to establish the validity of personal narratives. Additionally, form and content features of identity, as proposed by Anthony Laden, will be used as criteria to establish the compatibility of the defectors' arguments with shared scientific and political values. Such compatibility is essential to accommodate respect for autonomy in the context of public health. [source] Growing Up in a Culture of Respect.BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008Child Rearing in Highland Peru - by Inge Bolin No abstract is available for this article. [source] ,Respect': hitting the bullseyeMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 10 2003Rosie Stacy No abstract is available for this article. [source] Why Games Will Be the Preeminent Art Form of the 21stCenturyCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2001Chris Hecker Computer games share many artistic and technical characteristics with films of the early 1900s. Games' artistic evolution is hampered by the lack of artistic respect from society at large, and the lack of technical standards that would allow artistic innovation. The same problems affected cinema during its birth. During the early 20th century, film managed to find its way from popular diversion to highly respected art form. Will games follow the same course, or will they be stuck forever in the ghetto of pop culture? What technological and artistic changes need to occur in the medium for games to evolve beyond merely shooting aliens and into an art form worthy of association with painting, music, writing, and film? This talk will pose some of those questions, if not attempt to answer them. [source] Prepulse inhibition of startle, intelligence and familial primary nocturnal enuresisACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2000EM Ornitz Previous studies have shown a significant reduction of prepulse inhibition of startle in boys with primary nocturnal enuresis. Those enuretic boys who had higher IQs showed less prepulse inhibition. This study evaluates the association of prepulse inhibition and IQ in primary nocturnal enuresis in respect to family history of primary nocturnal enuresis. Prepulse inhibition of startle was studied in 83 boys with primary nocturnal enuresis and 57 non-enuretic boys using an interval of 120 ms between the onset of a 75 dB 1000 Hz tone and a 104 dB noise burst. Of the boys with primary nocturnal enuresis, 56 had a family history of primary nocturnal enuresis and 27 had no family history (no first-degree relative). Of the 57 non-enuretic boys, 42 also had no family history (no first-degree relative) of primary nocturnal enuresis, while 15 did have a positive family history. Associations between prepulse inhibition and IQ scores were compared among these four groups. Strong and significant associations between prepulse inhibition deficit and higher IQ scores in the enuretic group with familial primary nocturnal enuresis were unique in comparison to the other groups. Conclusions: The strong heritabilities of primary nocturnal enuresis, intelligence and prepulse inhibition suggest genetic mediation of the association of prepulse inhibition with intelligence in familial primary nocturnal enuresis. [source] Isolated levocardia: Prenatal diagnosis and managementCONGENITAL ANOMALIES, Issue 2 2009Satoko Katsuya ABSTRACT Isolated levocardia (IL) is a rare condition of situs anomaly in which there is a normal left-sided heart (levocardia) with dextro position of the abdominal viscera. IL has been reported in children and adults with complex cardiac defects, whereas there are only few published reports regarding the prenatal diagnosis of IL. We report two prenatal cases of IL diagnosed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In both cases, fetal cardiac function remained within the normal range throughout pregnancy, and no treatment for the heart was required after birth. For the dextro position of abdominal viscera, one case was followed without any surgical procedure, but the other case required prophylactic operation due to malrotation of the small intestine. Although the prognosis of IL largely depends on the severity of associated cardiac anomaly, future bowel obstruction caused by intestinal malrotation may also be life-threatening. In this respect, prenatal diagnosis of IL is important, even when there is no associated cardiac structural anomaly. If IL is suspected in routine fetal ultrasonography, MRI may be recommended to obtain more detailed information on the anatomy of abdominal viscerae, and careful observation for bowel problems is required, especially after oral nutrition is started. [source] Predictive identification of human skin sensitization thresholdsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2005David A. Basketter For years, methods have been available for the predictive identification of chemicals that possess the intrinsic potential to cause skin sensitization. However, many have proven less suitable for the determination of relative sensitizing potency. In this respect, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been shown to have a number of important advantages. Through interpolation of LLNA dose,response data, the concentration of a chemical required to produce a threshold positive response (a 3-fold increase in activity compared with concurrent vehicle controls, the EC3 value) can be measured. The robustness of this parameter has been demonstrated rigorously in terms of inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility. Additionally, the relationship between potency estimates from the LLNA and an appreciation of human potency based on clinical experience has been reported previously. In the present investigations, we have sought to consolidate further our understanding of the association between EC3 values and human skin-sensitization potency by undertaking a thorough and extensive analysis of existing human predictive assays, particularly where dose,response information is available, from historical human repeated insult patch tests (HRIPTs). From these human data, information on the approximate threshold for the induction of skin sensitization in the HRIPT was determined for 26 skin-sensitizing chemicals. These data were then compared with LLNA-derived EC3 values. The results from each assay, expressed as dose per unit area (,g/cm2), revealed a clear linear relationship between the 2 values, thereby substantiating further the utility of LLNA EC3 values for prediction of the relative human sensitizing potency of newly identified skin sensitizers. [source] What's Wrong with Corporate Governance: a noteCORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 4 2004Richard W. Leblanc Greater use of qualitative research methods , including observing boards in real time and interviewing directors , needs to occur to advance the field. Quantitative researchers are, it would seem, measuring variables in respect of "structural independence," rather than board and individual director effectiveness, per se. Once "board effectiveness" and "director effectiveness" variables are able to be measured, together with their interaction, a greater likelihood of distilling a more definitive relationship between corporate governance and corporate financial performance may occur. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||