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Resource Theory (resource + theory)
Selected AbstractsJailed resources: conservation of resources theory as applied to burnout among prison guardsJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2007Jean-Pierre Neveu This study evaluates a salutogenic perspective of the burnout process. Building upon Hobfoll's (1989) Conservation of Resources theory, it proposes a simultaneous test of three hypothesized resources-based models. These competing models test the structure of burnout in relation to depleted resources (e.g., lack of skill utilization, of participation, of co-worker support, and of professional worth) and negative correlates (e.g., absenteeism and depression). SEM results provide equally good support for two resource-based models, although each of them proceeds from two different approaches (Leiter vs. Golembiewski). Of all burnout components, personal accomplishment is found to be least related to resources depletion, while emotional exhaustion is the most related to absenteeism and depression. Results are analyzed in light of existing literature and of the specific nature of the sample, a large population of French correctional officers (n,=,707). Implications for burnout theory and human resource management are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Older siblings influence younger siblings' motor developmentINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2008Sarah E. Berger Abstract Evidence exists for two competing theories about the effects of having an older sibling on development. Previous research has found that having an older sibling has both advantages and disadvantages for younger siblings' development. This study examined whether and how older siblings influenced the onset of their own younger siblings' motor milestones, a heretofore unstudied developmental domain in the sibling literature. Parents of 51 sibling pairs reported their children's crawling and walking onset dates. In keeping with imitation theories, in families where younger siblings crawled or walked earlier than their own older sibling, they did so significantly earlier. Moreover, in keeping with limited parental resource theories, in families where older siblings crawled or walked earlier than their own younger sibling, they did so significantly earlier. Older siblings did influence younger siblings' motor development, but how they did so may have depended on unique family characteristics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Gender, Work, and Intimate Violence: Men's Occupational Violence Spillover and Compensatory ViolenceJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 4 2002Scott A. Melzer Researchers have rarely studied the effects of occupations on intimate violence, only occasionally distinguishing between blue-collar and white-collar work, and generally finding higher rates of reported abuse in the former group. This research incorporates ideas from feminist, work-family, and power or resource theories to examine the potential effects of occupations on men's violence toward wives and cohabiting female partners. Data from the 1988 National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) were analyzed using logistic regression techniques. Hypotheses related to occupational spillover and compensation were tested with results suggesting that men in physically violent, female-dominated, professional specialty, and dangerous occupations are more likely to use violence against female partners, net of other commonly hypothesized predictors. The findings suggest that more detailed occupational data should be collected in future intimate violence research. [source] Women's Empowerment Through Home,based Work: Evidence from IndiaDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2003Paula Kantor This article examines the extent to which home,based production in the garment sector of Ahmedabad, India, serves to empower its female participants, defining empowerment in terms of control over enterprise income and decision,making within the household. It places this question within the literatures on resource theory and bargaining models of the household, both of which posit that improved access to resources increases women's power in the household. This study highlights why access to resources may not lead so directly to improvements in women's position in the household in the Indian context. It then discusses why home,based work may be less empowering than sources of work outside of the home. The arguments about the empowerment potential of women's access to resources through home,based work are tested by examining, first, the determinants of control over the income generated by women in home,based garment production and, second, to what extent access to and control over income from this source translates into involvement in decisions which are atypically women's and yet important to their lives. The results provide a better understanding of the potential of home,based work to offer women in urban India a source of economic activity that also can translate into increased intra,household power. [source] An Examination of Established Antecedents of Power in Purchase Decision Making: Married and Nontraditional CouplesJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2004Michelle C. Reiss This research examined the extent that resource theory, sex-role orientation, least interested partner hypothesis, and involvement apply to cohabiting heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples. Findings revealed that (a) resources significantly affected only married partners' relative influence and strategy usage; (b) sex-role orientation significantly affected relative influence for married partners and strategy selection for partners in both types of heterosexual couples; (c) least interest significantly affected relative influence for partners in both types of heterosexual couples and influence strategy selection for cohabi-tors; and (d) involvement significantly affected relative influence and strategy usage for all couple types. Overall, the effect of the antecedents on relative influence and strategy usage depends on the extent that partners within any couple type are similar on various antecedents. [source] Gender Asymmetry in Family Migration: Occupational Inequality or Interspousal Comparative Advantage?JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 2 2010Kimberlee A. Shauman This paper examines gender inequality in the determinants of job-related long-distance migration among married dual-earner couples during the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis tested the structural explanation, which attributes gender asymmetry in family migration to structural inequality in the labor market, and the comparative advantage explanation derived from relative resource theory. The analysis used individual- and family-level data from 5,504 Panel Study of Income Dynamics families, occupation-level data from the 1980,2000 U.S. Decennial Censuses Integrated Public Use Micro Samples, and discrete-time event history models. Gender differences in the determinants of family migration were not explained by gender differences in occupational characteristics, but the results partially support the relative resource theory by illustrating the conditioning influence of interspousal comparative advantage. [source] Political Choice, Public Policy, and Distributional OutcomesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2005Nathan J. Kelly I address the functioning of the U.S. governing system by analyzing distributional outcomes from 1947 to 2000. The key question is whether public policy influences distributional outcomes. The macropolitics model and power resource theory suggest that left policies should equalize the distribution of income. I utilize single equation error correction models to assess the impact of policy on income inequality through two mechanisms,market conditioning and redistribution. Since nearly every government action influences markets in some way, I examine policy in the aggregate rather than focusing only on policies explicitly designed to redistribute income. The analysis indicates that policy influences inequality through both mechanisms, with left policy producing more equality. The results are consistent with power resource theory and strongly support the macropolitics model. Furthermore, I find that market conditioning is as important as, and works in tandem with, explicit redistribution. [source] Voter Turnout in Thai Elections: An Analysis of the 2005 Thai National ElectionASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 2 2009David A. Owen This article tested two contending theories of political participation, the resource theory and the theory of clientelism, utilizing provincial data from all 76 provinces in Thailand for the 2005 national election, collected from government sources that have remained unexamined until now. According to the resource theory, one would expect turnout to be higher in wealthy provinces where education and income levels are higher. However, where there are high levels of clientelism, one would expect lower turnout in provinces with higher levels of education and/or income. I used a linear regression model to test several hypotheses derived from these contending theories and found that there is support for the theory of clientelism. The results have important implications for the state of the Thai democracy before the September 2006 coup and the country's prospects for a return to democracy. [source] Jailed resources: conservation of resources theory as applied to burnout among prison guardsJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2007Jean-Pierre Neveu This study evaluates a salutogenic perspective of the burnout process. Building upon Hobfoll's (1989) Conservation of Resources theory, it proposes a simultaneous test of three hypothesized resources-based models. These competing models test the structure of burnout in relation to depleted resources (e.g., lack of skill utilization, of participation, of co-worker support, and of professional worth) and negative correlates (e.g., absenteeism and depression). SEM results provide equally good support for two resource-based models, although each of them proceeds from two different approaches (Leiter vs. Golembiewski). Of all burnout components, personal accomplishment is found to be least related to resources depletion, while emotional exhaustion is the most related to absenteeism and depression. Results are analyzed in light of existing literature and of the specific nature of the sample, a large population of French correctional officers (n,=,707). Implications for burnout theory and human resource management are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prosocial to Egoistic Enculturation of Our Children: A Climato-Economic ContextualizationNEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Evert Van de Vliert Abstract Are altruistic, cooperative, apathetic, and egoistic cultures passed on from generation to generation in nongenetic ways? A society-level analysis of data from the most recent World Values Surveys showed that adults in increasingly demanding cold or hot climates value cooperative enculturation of children to the extent that their society is richer, but egoistic enculturation to the extent that their society is poorer. These results refine the climatic demands,resources theory of prosociality, which posits that (a) humans in more demanding,colder or hotter,climates find it more difficult to satisfy homeostatic needs for thermal comfort, nutrition, and health; (b) increasingly demanding climates matched by wealth-based resources and availability of homeostatic goods produce more prosocial cultures; and (c) increasingly demanding climates unmatched by wealth-based resources and availability of homeostatic goods produce less prosocial cultures. [source] Rethinking the Work,Life Interface: It's Not about Balance, It's about Resource AllocationAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 2 2010Matthew J. Grawitch This article re-conceptualises the framework surrounding work,life balance. Though previous research has focused primarily on the ways in which work life and non-work life influence each other (mostly negatively), we present an alternative perspective that focuses on personal pursuits and the management of personal resources. We introduce a personal resource allocation (PRA) framework that treats all life demands,whether preferred or required,as forcing individuals to make choices about where, when, and how they expend their personal resources across the life domain. Building on self-regulatory theories, such as control theory, self-determination theory, and conservation of resources theory, we suggest ways in which effective personal resource allocation not only decreases negative outcomes (which has been the emphasis in work,life balance research), but also how effective personal resource allocation can actually contribute to positive outcomes. We conclude by providing some practical implications for individuals and organisations based on the PRA framework and suggest future research opportunities. [source] Individual- and Community-level Determinants of Support for Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Canada*CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 4 2005MARLENE MULDER Cet article examine, chez les particuliers et dans la collectivité, des déterminants d'appui à l'endroit de 1'immigration et de la diversité culturelle. L'analyse teste, au niveau des particuliers, des hypothèses inspirées par la théorie des ressources limitées, celle du contact et celle du progressisme liéà l'instruction; au niveau de la collectivité, elle tient compte des effets d'un certain nombre de variables. Rien n'étaie la théorie du contact ni celle des ressources limitées; en revanche, conformément à la théorie du progressisme liéà l'instruction, les Albertains plus instruits des villes s'avérent plus favorables à la diversité culturelle. This paper examines individual- and community-level determinants of support for immigration and cultural diversity. The analysis tests individual-level hypotheses derived from scarce resources, contact and educational progressivism theories, and also considers the effects of a number of community-level variables. No support is found for contact or scarce resources theory but, in line with educational progressivism theory, more educated urban Albertans are shown to be more supportive of cultural diversity. [source] | ||||||||||||||||