Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Research Diagnostic Criteria (research + diagnostic_criterion)
Selected AbstractsMajor depression, chronic minor depression, and the five-factor model of personalityEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 4 2002Kate L. Harkness Fifty-eight outpatients with major depression completed the NEO Personality Inventory at intake (time 1) and after up to three months of anti-depressant treatment (time 2). Within this group, 26 patients met additional Research Diagnostic Criteria for chronic minor depression. Repeated-measures analyses revealed significant decreases in Neuroticism scores, and significant increases in Extraversion and Conscientiousness scores, from time 1 to time 2 for both patient groups. In addition, despite similar symptom severity at time 2, the patients with major depression+chronic minor depression scored significantly higher on the Angry Hostility facet of Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness than those with major depression alone. We suggest from these findings that Angry Hostility and low Agreeableness may represent a trait vulnerability in individuals with chronic minor depression that persists even following remission of the major depressive state, and that this may help to explain their high rates of relapse and recurrence. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Research Submission: Chronic Headache and Comorbibities: A Two-Phase, Population-Based, Cross-Sectional StudyHEADACHE, Issue 8 2010Ariovaldo Da Silva Jr MD Background., Studies using resources of a public family health program to estimate the prevalence of chronic daily headaches (CDH) are lacking. Objectives., To estimate the 1-year prevalence of CDH, as well as the presence of associated psychiatric and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comorbidities, on the entire population of a city representative of the rural area of Brazil. Methods., This was a cross-sectional, population-based, 2-phase study. In the first phase, health agents interviewed all individuals older than 10 years, in a rural area of Brazil. In the second stage, all individuals who reported headaches on 4 or more days per week were then evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. CDH were classified according to the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2). Medication overuse headache was diagnosed, as per the ICHD-2, after detoxification trials. Psychiatric comorbidities and TMD were diagnosed based on the DSM-IV and on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders criteria, respectively. Results., A total of 1631 subjects participated in the direct interviews. Of them, 57 (3.6%) had CDH. Chronic migraine was the most common of the CDH (21, 36.8%). Chronic tension-type headache (10, 17.5%), medication overuse headache (13, 22.8%) and probable medication overuse headache (10, 17.5%) were also common. Psychiatric disorders were observed in 38 (67.3%) of the CDH subjects. TMD were seen in 33 (58.1)% of them. Conclusions., The prevalence of CDH in the rural area of Brazil is similar to what has been reported in previous studies. A significant proportion of them have psychiatric comorbidities and/or TMD. In this sample, comorbidities were as frequent as reported in convenience samples from tertiary headache centers. (Headache 2010;50:1306-1312) [source] Parent,ETH;child agreement and prevalence estimates of diagnoses in childhood: Direct interview versus family history methodINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Stéphane Rothen Abstract Diagnostic information on children is typically elicited from both children and their parents. The aims of the present paper were to: (1) compare prevalence estimates according to maternal reports, paternal reports and direct interviews of children [major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety and attention-deficit and disruptive behavioural disorders]; (2) assess mother,child, father,child and inter-parental agreement for these disorders; (3) determine the association between several child, parent and familial characteristics and the degree of diagnostic agreement or the likelihood of parental reporting; (4) determine the predictive validity of diagnostic information provided by parents and children. Analyses were based on 235 mother,offspring, 189 father,offspring and 128 mother,father pairs. Diagnostic assessment included the Kiddie-schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) (offspring) and the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) (parents and offspring at follow-up) interviews. Parental reports were collected using the Family History , Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC). Analyses revealed: (1) prevalence estimates for internalizing disorders were generally lower according to parental information than according to the K-SADS; (2) mother,child and father,child agreement was poor and within similar ranges; (3) parents with a history of MDD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reported these disorders in their children more frequently; (4) in a sub-sample followed-up into adulthood, diagnoses of MDD, separation anxiety and conduct disorder at baseline concurred with the corresponding lifetime diagnosis at age 19 according to the child rather than according to the parents. In conclusion, our findings support large discrepancies of diagnostic information provided by parents and children with generally lower reporting of internalizing disorders by parents, and differential reporting of depression and ADHD by parental disease status. Follow-up data also supports the validity of information provided by adolescent offspring. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Psychopathology in tuberous sclerosis: an overview and findings in a population-based sample of adults with tuberous sclerosisJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2006A. Raznahan Abstract Background Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a multi- system disorder with complex genetics. The neurodevelopmental manifestations of TS are responsible for considerable morbidity. The prevalence of epilepsy and intellectual disabilities among individuals with TS have been well described. Ours is the first study that explores the prevalence and pattern of psychopathology in a population-based sample of adults with TS. Methods Sixty subjects were identified through a capture,recapture analysis of TS. Information was gathered as to seizure history, cognitive functioning (WISC-III) and psychopathology (SADS-L, SAPPA). Lifetime psychopathology was categorized according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. The overall pattern of mental illness (MI) was examined as well as how this varied with IQ and seizure history. Results Twenty-four (40.0%) subjects had a history of MI. The most common diagnosis was that of an affective disorder [18 (30.0%)], the majority of which were major depressive episodes. Alcoholism [4 (6.7%)] and anxiety disorders [3 (5.0%)] were the next most common diagnoses. Two (3.3%) subjects had had a tic disorder. Only one individual had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. MI was found in 75.0% of those with a history of epilepsy and 37.5% of those without epilepsy. MI was significantly more prevalent in those with a full-scale IQ above 70. Conclusions A significant proportion of adult with TS experience MI. MI was significantly less prevalent in subjects with a full-scale IQ above 70. Reasons for such a finding are explored, and related methodological considerations for future research outlined. [source] Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder signs in patients with schizophreniaJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 12 2009O. GURBUZ Summary, The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) signs in a group of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia. Three hundred thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia were examined and compared with 107 age-matched and gender-matched control subjects. TMD signs were evaluated according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria to assess temporomandibular joint pain to palpation, limitation of maximum mouth opening, alteration of mouth opening pathway (deviation/deflection) and temporomandibular joint noises. In addition, tooth wear was recorded for the assessment of bruxism. The prevalence of any TMD signs was observed higher (P = 0·001) in the patients with schizophrenia (284/339, 83·7%) than in the controls (72/107, 67·3%). The prevalence of more than one TMD sign was also significantly higher (P = 0·03) in the patients with schizophrenia (131/339, 38·6%) than in the controls (29/107, 27·1%). Significant differences between the two groups were apparent for joint pain on palpation (P = 0·006), deflection (P = 0·006) and joint sounds (P = 0·002). Severe tooth wear was evident in 39·2% of the patients with schizophrenia compared with 21·2% in the control group (P = 0·001). The finding of the present study showed that, compared to control population, chronically hospitalized patients with schizophrenia seem to be more prone to the development of TMD signs and severe tooth wear and bruxism. [source] Self-reported severity of taste disturbances correlates with dysfunctional grade of TMD painJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2009D. R. NIXDORF Summary, Altered central neural processing of sensory information may be associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain. The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of self-reported taste disturbances in TMD pain patients and in a control population, and to determine whether frequency of taste disturbances was correlated with dysfunctional grade of TMD pain. Subjects were 2026 people within a German population sample and 301 consecutive TMD patients diagnosed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Taste disturbances were measured using two questions from the Oral Health Impact Profile. Dysfunctional grade of TMD pain was measured with the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. A two-sample test of proportions revealed that TMD patients reported a greater frequency of taste disturbances, 6%, than did the general population subjects, 2% (P < 0·001). Moreover, the frequency of taste disturbances correlated with the dysfunctional grade of TMD pain. For each 1 unit increase in taste disturbance, the odds of observing a higher grade of TMD pain increased by 29% (95% CI: 3,63%, P = 0·03). Analysis by individual taste question and adjustment for age and gender did not substantially affect the results. These findings are consistent with a central neural dysfunction in TMD pain and suggest that a common neural substrate may underlie sensory disturbances of multiple modalities in chronic pain patients. Further research regarding taste disturbances and trigeminally mediated pains such as in TMD is warranted. [source] Prevalence of myofascial temporomandibular disorder in US community womenJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2008M. N. JANAL Summary, This study estimates the prevalence of the myofascial subtype of temporomandibular disorders (M-TMD) defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and relates that prevalence to the surveyed report of facial pain. From among 20 000 women selected at random in the NY metropolitan area who completed a telephone survey of facial pain, 2000 were invited for an RDC/TMD examination; 782 examinations were completed. Prevalence was estimated in analyses that were weighted to correct sampling biases. Differences among demographic strata were evaluated with logistic regression. The prevalence of M-TMD was estimated to be 10·5% (95% CL = 8·5,13·0%). Prevalence was significantly higher among younger women, among women of lower socio-economic status, among Black women, and among non-Hispanic women. The report of facial pain in the telephone survey (10·1%) had high specificity for M-TMD diagnosis (94·7%), but low sensitivity (42·7%). M-TMD is a fairly common disorder among American women. Among those reporting facial pain during the last month, half met RDC palpation criteria for M-TMD; thus, a formal physical examination is imperative to establish this diagnosis. Prevalence varies with age, socio-economic status, race and Hispanic ethnicity. A substantial number of RDC-diagnosed cases of M-TMD did not report facial pain in the survey; the reason for this requires further study. [source] Diclofenac sodium and occlusal splint therapy in TMJ osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trialJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2008C. MEJERSJÖ Summary, The aim of the study was to compare treatment with diclofenac sodium (Voltaren 3 × 50 mg) to occlusal splint therapy in a randomized, single-blind controlled trial of patients with a diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) in accordance with Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Patients with general joint disorders or restrictions against medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug were not included. Twenty-seven females and two males (aged 36,76 years) included, answered a standardized questionnaire and were clinically examined and they underwent TMJ tomography. The treatment was randomized to either splint (n = 15) or diclofenac (n = 14). The temperatures over the TMJs were determined. The patients were re-examined 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the start of treatment. A 1-year follow-up was carried out using questionnaires. After 1 week of treatment with diclofenac, significant reductions of pain and discomfort, TMJ tenderness and joint pain on jaw movements were noted. The splint therapy gave a significant reduction of reported symptoms after 1 month of treatment. Both treatments gave few adverse effects and were on an equal level. Estimation of the degree of inflammation by measuring the surface temperature over the TMJ was not reliable. Structural changes of the symptomatic TMJs were radiographically found in 82%, the contralateral, symptom-free TMJ had changes in 36%. There was a discrepancy between the clinical and the radiographical findings. Diclofenac gave a more rapid improvement, but both treatments gave a significant reduction of symptoms of TMJ OA within 3 months which remained at the one-year follow-up. [source] Diagnostic sub-types, psychological distress and psychosocial dysfunction in southern Chinese people with temporomandibular disordersJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2008L. T. K. LEE Summary, The study aimed to assess the distribution of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) sub-types, psychological distress and psychosocial dysfunction in southern Chinese people seeking treatment for TMD using Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) and investigate potential cross-cultural differences in sub-type prevalence and psychosocial impact. Eighty-seven consecutive patients (77 females; 10 males) with a mean age of 39·3 years (s.d. 12·8) newly referred to the specialist TMD clinic at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong over a 20-month period took part in the study. RDC/TMD history questionnaire and clinical assessment data were used to derive Axis I and II findings. Group I muscle disorders were the most common and found in 57·5% of patients. Group II (disc displacement) disorders were found in 42·5% and 47·1% of the right and left temporomandibular joints (TMJ) respectively. Group III disorders (arthralgia/arthrosis/arthritis) were revealed in 19·5% and 23·0% of right and left TMJ's respectively. In the Axis II assessment, 42·5% of patients had moderate/severe depression scores, 59·7% had moderate/severe somatization scores and based on graded chronic pain scores 15·0% had psychosocial dysfunction (grade III and IV). While acknowledging the small sample size, the distribution of RDC/TMD Axis I and II diagnoses was fairly similar in Chinese TMD patients compared with Western and other Asian patient groups. However, in Chinese patients, myofascial pain with limited jaw opening and TMJ disc displacement with reduction were more common and a significant number experienced psychological distress and psychosocial dysfunction. The findings have implications for the management of TMD in Chinese people. [source] Static and dynamic mechanics of the temporomandibular joint: plowing forces, joint load and tissue stressORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009J Nickel Structured Abstract Authors,,, Nickel J, Spilker R, Iwasaki L, Gonzalez Y, McCall WD, Ohrbach R, Beatty MW, Marx D Objectives,,, To determine the combined effects 1) of stress-field aspect ratio and velocity and compressive strain and 2) joint load, on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc mechanics. Setting and Sample Population,,, Fifty-two subjects (30 ,; 22 ,) participated in the TMJ load experiments. Material and Methods,,, In the absence of human tissue, pig TMJ discs were used to determine the effects of variables 1) on surface plowing forces, and to build a biphasic finite element model (bFEM) to test the effect of human joint loads and 2) on tissue stresses. In the laboratory, discs received a 7.6 N static load via an acrylic indenter before cyclic movement. Data were recorded and analysed using anova. To determine human joint loads, Research Diagnostic Criteria calibrated investigators classified subjects based on signs of disc displacement (DD) and pain (+DD/+pain, n = 18; +DD/,pain, n = 17; ,DD/,pain, n = 17). Three-dimensional geometries were produced for each subject and used in a computer model to calculate joint loads. Results,,, The combined effects of compressive strain, and aspect ratio and velocity of stress-field translation correlated with plowing forces (R2 = 0.85). +DD/,pain subjects produced 60% higher joint loads (anova, p < 0.05), which increased bFEM-calculated compressive strain and peak total normal stress. Conclusions,,, Static and dynamic variables of the stress-field and subject-dependent joint load significantly affect disc mechanics. [source] Drug abuse in women with eating disordersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 5 2006David B. Herzog MD Abstract Objective: Drug abuse in women with eating disorders has received relatively little attention. The frequency of drug use disorder (DUD) by specific drug type was examined in the current longitudinal study. Method: In a prospective study, women diagnosed with either anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 136) or bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 110), were interviewed and assessed for research diagnostic criteria (RDC) DUD every 6,12 months over 8.6 years. Results: Forty-two (17%) women in the current longitudinal study had a lifetime history of DUD, with 19 prospective onsets over the course of the study (9 AN and 10 BN). The most commonly abused illicit drugs were amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana, and rates of DUD did not differ between intake diagnoses of AN and BN. Conclusion: Drug abuse in women with eating disorders is an area of clinical concern and should be monitored routinely throughout the treatment process. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006. [source] Depression levels in chronic orofacial pain patients: a pilot studyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2004R. S. Tesch summary, The assessment of depressive behaviour in chronic pain patients is especially important, because depression is commonly associated with chronic pain. The aim of this pilot study was to compare depression levels between patients with head and neck cancer pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and to determine whether there is an association between depression levels and chronic pain severity. This study was an observational and sectional study and the sample consisted of 40 patients, uniformly divided into those with chronic orofacial pain related to cancer and those with painful TMD classified with research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) axis I. Depression levels, pain intensity and severity were assessed with RDC/TMD axis II. The study demonstrated statistically significant differences in depression levels present in the head and neck cancer pain group and the painful TMD group, with the occurrence of a moderate statistically significant correlation between depression levels and chronic pain severity. [source] | |||||||||||||