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Research Avenues (research + avenue)
Kinds of Research Avenues Selected AbstractsDownstream from calcium signalling: mitochondria, vacuoles and pancreatic acinar cell damageACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2009S. Voronina Abstract Ca2+ is one of the most ancient and ubiquitous second messengers. Highly polarized pancreatic acinar cells serve as an important cellular model for studies of Ca2+ signalling and homeostasis. Downstream effects of Ca2+ signalling have been and continue to be an important research avenue. The primary functions regulated by Ca2+ in pancreatic acinar cells , exocytotic secretion and fluid secretion , have been defined and extensively characterized in the second part of the last century. The role of cytosolic Ca2+ in cellular pathology and the related question of the interplay between Ca2+ signalling and bioenergetics are important current research lines in our and other laboratories. Recent findings in these interwoven research areas are discussed in the current review. [source] Inhibitory functioning across ADHD subtypes: Recent findings, clinical implications, and future directionsDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 4 2008Zachary W. Adams Abstract Although growing consensus supports the role of deficient behavioral inhibition as a central feature of the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD/C; Barkley 1997 Psychol Bull 121:65,94; Nigg 2001 Psychol Bull 127:571,598), little research has focused on how this finding generalizes to the primarily inattentive subtype (ADHD/I). This question holds particular relevance in light of recent work suggesting that ADHD/I might be better characterized as a disorder separate from ADHD/C (Diamond 2005 Dev Psychopathol 17:807,825; Milich et al. 2001 Clin Psychol Sci Pract 8:463,488). This article describes major findings in the area of inhibitory performance in ADHD and highlights recent research suggesting important areas of divergence between the subtypes. In particular, preliminary findings point to potential differences between the subtypes with respect to how children process important contextual information from the environment, such as preparatory cues that precede responses and rewarding or punishing feedback following behavior. These suggestive findings are discussed in the context of treatment implications, which could involve differential intervention approaches for each subtype targeted to the specific deficit profiles that characterize each group of children. Future research avenues aimed toward building a sound theoretical model of ADHD/I and a better understanding of its relation to ADHD/C are also presented. Specifically, investigators are encouraged to continue studying the complex interplay between inhibitory and attentional processes, as this area seems particularly promising in its ability to improve our understanding of the potentially distinct pathologies underlying the ADHD subtypes. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:268,275. [source] PERSPECTIVE: Linking concepts in the ecology and evolution of invasive plants: network analysis shows what has been most studied and identifies knowledge gapsEVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2010Sonia Vanderhoeven Abstract In recent decades, a growing number of studies have addressed connections between ecological and evolutionary concepts in biologic invasions. These connections may be crucial for understanding the processes underlying invaders' success. However, the extent to which scientists have worked on the integration of the ecology and evolution of invasive plants is poorly documented, as few attempts have been made to evaluate these efforts in invasion biology research. Such analysis can facilitate recognize well-documented relationships and identify gaps in our knowledge. In this study, we used a network-based method for visualizing the connections between major aspects of ecology and evolution in the primary research literature. Using the family Poaceae as an example, we show that ecological concepts were more studied and better interconnected than were evolutionary concepts. Several possible connections were not documented at all, representing knowledge gaps between ecology and evolution of invaders. Among knowledge gaps, the concepts of plasticity, gene flow, epigenetics and human influence were particularly under-connected. We discuss five possible research avenues to better understand the relationships between ecology and evolution in the success of Poaceae, and of alien plants in general. [source] How best to fight that nasty itch , from new insights into the neuroimmunological, neuroendocrine, and neurophysiological bases of pruritus to novel therapeutic approachesEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005T. Biró While the enormous clinical and psychosocial importance of pruritus in many areas of medicine and the detrimental effects of chronic ,itch' on the quality of life of an affected individual are widely appreciated, the complexity of this sensation is still often grossly underestimated. The current Controversies feature highlights this complexity by portraying pruritus as a truly interdisciplinary problem at the crossroads of neurophysiology, neuroimmunology, neuropharmacology, protease research, internal medicine, and dermatology, which is combated most successfully if one keeps the multilayered nature of ,itch' in mind and adopts a holistic treatment approach , beyond the customary, frequently frustrane monotherapy with histamine receptor antagonists. In view of the often unsatisfactory, unidimensional, and altogether rather crude standard instruments for pruritus management that we still tend to use in clinical practice today, an interdisciplinary team of pruritus experts here critically examines recent progress in pruritus research that future itch management must take into consideration. Focusing on new insights into the neuroimmunological, neuroendocrine, and neurophysiological bases of pruritus, and discussing available neuropharmacological tools, specific research avenues are highlighted, whose pursuit promises to lead to novel, and hopefully more effective, forms of pruritus management. [source] Perceptions about quality of life in a school-based population of adolescents with menorrhagia: implications for adolescents with bleeding disordersHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 3 2008A. PAWAR Summary., This study examined the effect of menorrhagia on the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents. We used data from a survey of 45 adolescents. Using the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and a PBAC score of ,100 we identified adolescents likely to have menorrhagia. Our statistical analysis indicated that menorrhagia adversely affects the QOL of adolescents. In this article we discuss the implications of our study and future research avenues. [source] Organizational Ambidexterity: Towards a Multilevel UnderstandingJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 4 2009Zeki Simsek abstract Although interest in the concept of organizational ambidexterity has increased during recent years, this line of inquiry remains unfocused and limited due to a lack of more encompassing conceptual efforts. As a first step, we begin by critically reviewing previous research on the conceptualization, antecedents, and consequences of ambidexterity. We then offer a model that specifies a more encompassing, multilevel explanation of ambidexterity. Finally, we trace research and managerial implications and suggest some potential research avenues. [source] Software visualization in software maintenance, reverse engineering, and re-engineering: a research surveyJOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2003Rainer Koschke Abstract Software visualization is concerned with the static visualization as well as the animation of software artifacts, such as source code, executable programs, and the data they manipulate, and their attributes, such as size, complexity, or dependencies. Software visualization techniques are widely used in the areas of software maintenance, reverse engineering, and re-engineering, where typically large amounts of complex data need to be understood and a high degree of interaction between software engineers and automatic analyses is required. This paper reports the results of a survey on the perspectives of 82 researchers in software maintenance, reverse engineering, and re-engineering on software visualization. It describes to which degree the researchers are involved in software visualization themselves, what is visualized and how, whether animation is frequently used, whether the researchers believe animation is useful at all, which automatic graph layouts are used if at all, whether the layout algorithms have deficiencies, and,last but not least,where the medium-term and long-term research in software visualization should be directed. The results of this survey help to ascertain the current role of software visualization in software engineering from the perspective of researchers in these domains and give hints on future research avenues. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: Processes and potential research avenuesJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 3 2006Stéphane Guay Social support after a traumatic event is linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the ways in which social support influences the adaptation to trauma and development of PTSD. The aim of the present article is threefold: to outline the various processes by which social support is linked to PTSD, to review the most relevant research in the field, and to suggest potential future research. [source] High-resolution biomarker discovery: Moving from large-scale proteome profiling to quantitative validation of lead candidatesPROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 10-11 2008Johannes A. Hewel Abstract Diverse proteomic techniques based on protein MS have been introduced to systematically characterize protein perturbations associated with disease. Progress in clinical proteomics is essential for personalized medicine, wherein treatments will be tailored to individual needs based on patient stratification using noninvasive disease monitoring procedures to reveal the most appropriate therapeutic targets. However, breakthroughs await the successful development and application of a robust proteomic pipeline capable of identifying and rigorously assessing the relevance of multiple candidate proteins as informative diagnostic and prognostic indicators or suitable drug targets involved in a pathological process. While steady progress has been made toward more comprehensive proteome profiling, the emphasis must now shift from in depth screening of reference samples to stringent quantitative validation of selected lead candidates in a broader clinical context. Here, we present an overview of the emerging proteomic strategies for high-throughput protein detection focused primarily on targeted MS/MS as the basis for biomarker verification in large clinical cohorts. We discuss the conceptual promise and practical pitfalls of these methods in terms of achieving higher dynamic range, higher throughput, and more reliable quantification, highlighting research avenues that merit additional inquiry. [source] Assembling Justice Spaces: The Scalar Politics of Environmental Justice in North-east EnglandANTIPODE, Issue 4 2009Karen Bickerstaff Abstract:, In contrast to the US environmental justice movement, which has been successful in building a networked environmentalism that recognises,and has impacted upon,national patterns of distributional (in)equalities, campaigns in the UK have rarely developed beyond the local or articulated a coherent programme of action that links to wider socio-spatial justice issues or effects real changes in the regulatory or political environment. Our purpose in this paper is to extend research which explores the spatial politics of mobilisation, by attending to the multi-scalar dynamics embedded in the enactment of environmental justice (EJ) in north-east England. It is an approach that is indebted to recent work on the scalar politics of EJ, and also to the network ideas associated with actor-network theory (ANT)-inspired research on human,nature relations. Our account provides preliminary reflections on the potential for an "assemblage" perspective which draws together people, texts, machines, animals, devices and discourses in relations that collectively constitute,and scale,EJ. To conclude, and building upon this approach, we suggest future research avenues that we believe present a promising agenda for critical engagement with the production, scaling and politics of environmental (in)justice. [source] Should bipolar disorder be viewed as manic disorder?BIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 5 2005Implications for bipolar depression This paper proposes that the syndrome of mania rather than mood swings is the central distinguishing feature of bipolar disorder, which may be more appropriately viewed as manic disorder. The theoretical consequence of this change in perspective is to regard the depressive mood states as being a co-morbid condition. This may lead to a more profound and broader understanding of the variety of states of depression that complicate manic disorder. The paper also reviews diagnostic issues relating to bipolar depression. A broader approach may extend therapeutic choices, and open innovative research avenues. [source] | ||||||||||||||||