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Resilience
Kinds of Resilience Terms modified by Resilience Selected AbstractsIsraeli Kindergarten Teachers Cope With Terror and War: Two Implicit Models of ResilienceCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 1 2007DAVID BRODY ABSTRACT The resilience of teachers in the face of terror was examined in a narrative study of two Israeli kindergarten teachers over the course of one school year. During this time, there occurred frequent terror attacks as well as the threat of impending war with Iraq and the concomitant threat of chemical warfare. Each teacher's unique pattern of coping based on her own personal theory of resilience was examined. One teacher actively processed with her students stressful news items that the children had encountered. This was based on her belief that children would become more resilient if they had experience dealing with stress in a mediated fashion. The second teacher chose to create what she perceived to be a comfort zone for her students by actively avoiding open discussion about stressful events. She chose to focus on enhancing self-esteem, self-efficacy, and optimism, which she believed would produce greater resilience in her students. In developing these personal resilience theories, both teachers were able to move out of a paralyzed position that is typical of crisis and the immediate posttraumatic period, and move into active coping, thereby incorporating their unique theories of resilience into their personal professional knowledge. These practices were examined in light of current resilience theory. [source] Psychological resilience and neurocognitive performance in a traumatized community sample,DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 8 2010Aliza P. Wingo M.D. Abstract Background: Whether psychological resilience correlates with neurocognitive performance is largely unknown. Therefore, we assessed association between neurocognitive performance and resilience in individuals with a history of childhood abuse or trauma exposure. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 226 highly traumatized civilians, we assessed neurocognitive performance, history of childhood abuse and other trauma exposure, and current depressive and PTSD symptoms. Resilience was defined as having ,1 trauma and no current depressive or PTSD symptoms; non-resilience as having ,1 trauma and current moderate/severe depressive or PTSD symptoms. Results: The non-resilient group had a higher percentage of unemployment (P=.006) and previous suicide attempts (P<.0001) than the resilient group. Both groups had comparable education and performance on verbal reasoning, nonverbal reasoning, and verbal memory. However, the resilient group performed better on nonverbal memory (P=.016) with an effect size of .35. Additionally, more severe childhood abuse or other trauma exposure was significantly associated with non-resilience. Better nonverbal memory was significantly associated with resilience even after adjusting for severity of childhood abuse, other trauma exposure, sex, and race using multiple logistic regression (adjusted OR=1.2; P=.017). Conclusions: We examined resilience as absence of psychopathology despite trauma exposure in a highly traumatized, low socioeconomic, urban population. Resilience was significantly associated with better nonverbal memory, a measure of ability to code, store, and visually recognize concrete and abstract pictorial stimuli. Nonverbal memory may be a proxy for emotional learning, which is often dysregulated in stress-related psychopathology, and may contribute to our understanding of resilience. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Resilience: an account of the 2002 AACPDM meetingDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2003Article first published online: 13 FEB 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Food Security in Complex Emergencies: Enhancing Food System ResilienceDISASTERS, Issue 2005Prabhu Pingali This paper explores linkages between food security and crisis in different contexts, outlining the policy and institutional conditions needed to manage food security during a crisis and to rebuild the resilience of food systems in periods of relative peace. The paper reviews experiences over the past decade of countries in protracted crisis and draws lessons for national and international policy. It assesses the different alternatives on offer in fragile countries to address, for example, the disruption of institutional mechanisms and the decreasing level of support offered by international donors with respect to longer-term expectations. It proposes a Twin Track Approach to enhance food security resilience through specific policies for protracted crises that link immediate hunger relief interventions with a long-term strategy for sustainable growth. Finally, the article analyses policy options and the implications for both short- and longer-term responses vis-ŕ-vis the three dimensions of food security: availability; access; and stability. [source] Community Resilience and Volcano Hazard: The Eruption of Tungurahua and Evacuation of the Faldas in EcuadorDISASTERS, Issue 1 2002Graham A. Tobin Official response to explosive volcano hazards usually involves evacuation of local inhabitants to safe shelters. Enforcement is often difficult and problems can be exacerbated when major eruptions do not ensue. Families are deprived of livelihoods and pressure to return to hazardous areas builds. Concomitantly, prevailing socioeconomic and political conditions limit activities and can influence vulnerability. This paper addresses these issues, examining an ongoing volcano hazard (Tungurahua) in Ecuador where contextual realities significantly constrain responses. Fieldwork involved interviewing government officials, selecting focus groups and conducting surveys of evacuees in four locations: a temporary shelter, a permanent resettlement, with returnees and with a control group. Differences in perceptions of risk and health conditions, and in the potential for economic recovery were found among groups with different evacuation experiences. The long-term goal is to develop a model of community resilience in long-term stress environments. [source] Trajectories of resilience over 25 years of individuals who as adolescents consulted for substance misuse and a matched comparison groupADDICTION, Issue 7 2010Peter Larm ABSTRACT Aims To examine trajectories of resilience over 25 years among individuals who as adolescents received treatment for substance misuse, the clinical sample (CS) and a matched general population sample (GP). Design Comparison of the CS and GP over 25 years using Swedish national registers of health care and criminality. Setting A substance misuse clinic for adolescents in an urban area in Sweden. Measurements Resilience was defined as the absence of substance misuse, hospitalizations for physical illnesses related to substance misuse, hospitalization for mental illness and law-abiding behaviour from ages 21 to 45 years. Participants The CS included 701 individuals who as adolescents had consulted a clinic for substance misuse. The GP included 731 individuals selected randomly from the Swedish population and matched for age, sex and birthplace. Findings A total of 52.4% of the GP and 24.4% of the CS achieved resilience in all domains through 25 years. Among the CS, another one-third initially displayed moderate levels of resilience that rose to high levels over time, one-quarter displayed decreasing levels of resilience over time, while 9.3% showed little but improving resilience and 8.8% showed no resilience. Levels of resilience were associated with the severity of substance misuse and delinquency in adolescence. Conclusions Individuals who had presented substance misuse problems in adolescence were less likely to achieve resilience over the subsequent 25 years than was a matched general population sample, and among them, four distinct trajectories of resilience were identified. The severity and type of problems presented in adolescence distinguished the four trajectories. [source] Resilience of tropical rain forests: tree community reassembly in secondary forestsECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 5 2009Natalia Norden Abstract Understanding the recovery dynamics of ecosystems presents a major challenge in the human-impacted tropics. We tested whether secondary forests follow equilibrium or non-equilibrium dynamics by evaluating community reassembly over time, across different successional stages, and among multiple life stages. Based on long-term and static data from six 1-ha plots in NE Costa Rica, we show that secondary forests are undergoing reassembly of canopy tree and palm species composition through the successful recruitment of seedlings, saplings, and young trees of mature forest species. Such patterns were observed over time within sites and across successional stages. Floristic reassembly in secondary forests showed a clear convergence with mature forest community composition, supporting an equilibrium model. This resilience stems from three key factors co-occurring locally: high abundance of generalist species in the regional flora, high levels of seed dispersal, and local presence of old-growth forest remnants. [source] A Child's Experience of Parental Depression: Encouraging Relational Resilience in Families with Affective Illness,FAMILY PROCESS, Issue 4 2000Lynn Focht-Birkerts LICSW In this article, we describe an approach that parents with affective illness can use to foster the emotional resilience of their children. Building on current research that emphasizes the need to formulate concepts of risk and resilience in terms of family or relational processes, we propose that affectively ill parents can promote resilience in their children by helping them express the affect they experience as a result of parental illness-related behavior. Risk and resilience are conceptualized in terms of a family's ability to process emotion or affect: a family's need to constrict affect is a risk factor, while the family's ability to elaborate affect encourages relational resilience. An object relations model is used to discuss the ways in which encouraging this elaboration of affect, especially negative affect, contributes to resilience in children. We describe ways in which a preventive intervention helps to increase parents' emotional responsiveness to their children. Using extensive narrative data from followup interviews with families and children, constriction and expansion of emotion in children concerning affectively ill parents are documented, by multiple interviewers, over a span of more than 5 years. Where danger threatens, there also grows the saving power. ,J.C.F. Hölderlin1Patmos [source] Threshold response of Madagascar's littoral forest to sea-level riseGLOBAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Malika Virah-Sawmy ABSTRACT Aim, Coastal biodiversity hotspots are globally threatened by sea-level rise. As such it is important to understand how ecosystems resist, respond and adapt to sea-level rise. Using pollen, geochemistry, charcoal and diatom records in conjunction with previously published palaeoclimatic records, we investigated the mechanism, interactions and ecosystem response and resilience of Madagascar's littoral forest to late Holocene sea-level rise. Location, Sediment sequences were collected along the south-east coast of Madagascar in two adjacent habitats in Mandena; the highly diverse littoral forest fragment and species-poor Erica -matrix. Methods, We used a multi-proxy approach to investigate the relative influence of environmental changes on the littoral ecosystem. We reconstructed past vegetation and fire dynamics over the past 6500 years at two sites in the littoral forest using fossil pollen and macrofossil charcoal contained in sedimentary sequences. Alongside these records we reconstructed past marine transgressions from the same sedimentary sequences using geochemical analyses, and a salinity and drought index through the analysis of fossil diatoms. Results, Our findings indicated that it was the synergistic effect of sea-level rise coupled with rainfall deficits that triggered a threshold event with a switch from two types of littoral forest (an open Uapaca forest and a closed littoral forest fragment) to an Erica,Myrica heath/grassland occurring in approximately less than 100 years. Resilience to sea-level rise differed in the two adjacent habitats, suggesting that the littoral forest fragment was more resilient to the impacts of sea-level change and aridity than the open Uapaca woodland. Conclusions, We demonstrated that the littoral ecosystem was influenced by late Holocene sea-level rise and climatic desiccation. While climate change-integrated conservation strategies address the effects of climate change on species distribution and dispersal, our work suggests that more attention should be paid to the impacts of interactive climatic variables that affect ecosystem thresholds. [source] Party Competition and the Resilience of CorporatismGOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2009Mette Anthonsen This article argues that after the Golden Age of capitalism, corporatist methods of policy-making have come to depend on specific modes of party competition. In contrast to previous studies of corporatism, which have argued that corporatism depends on strong social democratic parties, this article suggests that the competition between well-defined left-wing and right-wing ,blocs' has become detrimental to corporatism. In countries with mixed governments or traditions of power-sharing, on the other hand, corporatism thrives. These conclusions are based on a comparison of four traditionally corporatist countries , Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland , from the early 1970s to the late 1990s. [source] Resilience in relation to personality and intelligenceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005Oddgeir Friborg Abstract Resilience is a construct of increasing interest, but validated scales measuring resilience factors among adults are scarce. Here, a scale named the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) was crossvalidated and compared with measures of personality (Big Five/5PFs), cognitive abilities (Raven's Advanced Matrices, Vocabulary, Number series), and social intelligence (TSIS). All measures were given to 482 applicants for the military college. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the fit of the five-factor model, measuring ,personal strength', ,social competence', ,structured style', ,family cohesion' and ,social resources'. Using Big Five to discriminate between well adjusted and more vulnerable personality profiles, all resilience factors were positively correlated with the well adjusted personality profile. RSA-personal strength was most associated with 5PFs-emotional stability, RSA-social competence with 5PFs-extroversion and 5PFs-agreeableness, as well as TSIS-social skills, RSA-structured style with 5PFs-conscientiousness. Unexpectedly but interestingly, measures of RSA-family cohesion and RSA-social resources were also related to personality. Furthermore, the RSA was unrelated to cognitive abilities. This study supported the convergent and discriminative validity of the scale, and thus the inference that individuals scoring high on this scale are psychologically healthier, better adjusted, and thus more resilient. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] A validation study of the Cross-Cultural Adaptability InventoryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2010Nhung T. Nguyen Despite the claims made about the effectiveness of cross-cultural training programs, few studies have examined the reliability and validity of the instruments used in these training programs. In this study, the authors examined the factor structure of the Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI) via a confirmatory factor analytic approach. A series of confirmatory factor analytic models was tested and applied at the item level to both the CCAI and Goldberg's Big Five Inventory. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model in which a method factor was estimated fits the data significantly better than a model without such a method effect. Further, the method factor suppressed substantive relationships such that the two CCAI factors of Emotional Resilience and Personal Autonomy became significant correlates with self-reported number of international job assignments after accounting for method variance. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [source] An Organizational Framework for Conceptualizing Resilience in ChildrenJOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2000Barbara L. Mandleco PhD, J. Craig Peery TOPIC. An organizational framework for conceptualizing resilience in children. PURPOSE. To propose a framework based on relevant literature that clarifies, differentiates, organizes, and elaborates on pertinent factors associated with resilience in children. SOURCES. Relevant literature from developmental psychology, child psychiatry, and nursing CONCLUSIONS. Salient factors affecting resilience in children originate internally or externally to the individual. Internal factors include biological and psychological factors; external factors are reflected in the nature and quality of relationships established within or outside the family group. The influence and importance of each factor, however, may vary in individual situations. The framework can guide research efforts and facilitate interventions for practice. [source] Resilience in the face of potential trauma: Clinical practices and illustrationsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Anthony D. Mancini Many persons exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events manage the stresses of these experiences with minimal to no impact on their daily functioning. The prevalence of this resilient capacity has surprised researchers and clinicians alike and refocused clinical practice. We review three key points about resilience: resilience is different from the process of recovery; resilience in the face of loss or potential trauma is common; and there are multiple and sometimes unexpected pathways to resilience. We then present six clinical practices informed by the study of resilience, illustrating key points with clinical vignettes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 971,985, 2006. [source] Abused child to nonabusive parent: Resilience and conceptual changeJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Glenda Wilkes Individuals who were abused as children and have spontaneously, without intervention, been able to change their cognitive and behavioral patterns such that they do not abuse their own children represent a heretofore untapped source of information and understanding about the processes of conceptual change and resilience. This pilot study investigates the nature of this conceptual change as an exemplar of resilience. Birth order, gender, locus of control, and coping behaviors emerged as areas needing further study. Additionally, the belief on the part of the abusing parents that abuse was not wrong needs further investigation as a possible precursor to this particular context for conceptual change. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 261,276, 2002. [source] The components of resilience,Perceptions of an Australian rural community,JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Elizabeth Buikstra Resilience, of individuals, is a well-established concept in the psychology/mental health literatures, but has been little explored in relation to communities. Related theory in the community development and social impact assessment literature provides insight into qualities and assets of communities that enable them to develop effectively or to adapt to major changes. This article reports the components of community and individual resilience identified through a participatory action research study within a rural Australian community. These are social networks and support; positive outlook; learning; early experiences; environment and lifestyle; infrastructure and support services; sense of purpose; diverse and innovative economy; embracing differences; beliefs; and leadership. These components entail interactions between individuals, the community, infrastructure, the environment and the economy in the process of building resilience. The findings extend from previous research by recognizing environmental and economic factors, infrastructure and support services, as enhancing resilience, and expand the limited evidence base for those wishing to promote resilience at the community scale. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Plant community properties predict vegetation resilience to herbivore disturbance in the ArcticJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2010James D. M. Speed Summary 1.,Understanding the impact of disturbance on vegetation and the resilience of plant communities to disturbance is imperative to ecological theory and environmental management. In this study predictors of community resilience to a simulated natural disturbance are investigated. Responses to disturbance are examined at the community, plant functional type and species level. 2.,Field experiments were set up in seven tundra plant communities, simulating disturbance based on the impact of grubbing by an increasing herbivore population of pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus). The short-term resilience of communities was assessed by comparing community dissimilarity between control plots and plots subject to three disturbance intensities based on the foraging impact of these geese. Potential for long-term recovery was evaluated across different disturbance patch sizes. 3.,Resilience to disturbance varied between communities; those with higher moss cover and higher soil moisture, such as wetlands and mires, were most resilient to disturbance. 4.,The wetter communities demonstrated greater long-term recovery potential following disturbance. In wetland communities, vegetative recovery of vascular plants and moss was greater in smaller disturbed patches and at the edges of patches. 5.,The response of vegetation to disturbance varied with intensity of disturbance, plant community and plant species. The use of functional type classifications only partially explained the variation in species responses to disturbance across communities, thus their use in predicting community changes was limited. 6.,Synthesis. The impact of disturbance is shown to be plant-community specific and related to the initial abiotic and biotic properties of the community. By showing that resilience is partly predictable, the identification of disturbance-susceptible communities is possible, which is of relevance for ecosystem management. [source] Personal Characteristics and Resilience to Economic Hardship and Its Consequences: Conceptual Issues and Empirical IllustrationsJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2009M. Brent Donnellan ABSTRACT This article describes a theoretical model that links personal characteristics with resilience to economic hardship and its psychological and interpersonal consequences. This transactional model integrates social influence and social selection perspectives concerning the relation between socioeconomic circumstances and the development of individuals and families. In addition, this article discusses methodological and conceptual issues related to investigating the effects of personal characteristics in this context. Finally, initial empirical support for some of the key predictions from the proposed model are provided using longitudinal data collected from a sample of Midwestern families. Specifically, adolescent academic achievement, self-reports of Conscientiousness, and self-reports of low Neuroticism during adolescence predicted relevant outcomes in adulthood such as less economic pressure, more satisfying romantic relationships, and less harsh parenting behaviors. These preliminary findings support the hypothesized model and extend research concerning the life course outcomes associated with personal characteristics. [source] Textural profiling and statistical optimization of crosslinked calcium-alginate-pectinate-cellulose acetophthalate gelisphere matricesJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 12 2002Viness Pillay Abstract A 25 factorial design was employed to statistically evaluate the textural properties of a crosslinked calcium-alginate-pectinate-cellulose acetophthalate gelisphere system. In accordance with the factorial matrix, gelispheres were formulated by titrating a combination polymeric solution comprised of sodium alginate, pectin and/or cellulose acetophthalate into an inducer solution (crosslinking agent) consisting of calcium and/or acetate ions. A Texture Analyzer was used to profile the gelisphere matrices for their resilience in the unhydrated and hydrated states, the fracture energy involved in matrix rupture, and the matrix hardness achieved with different levels of crosslinking. Significantly different textural properties were found among the crosslinked formulations. In particular, the unhydrated matrix resilience was selected as a parameter for optimization of the gelisphere formulation because of its large impact on drug release modulation, matrix integrity, and sensitivity to the crosslinking process. Resilience increased with increasing polymer concentration, irrespective of the polymer combination. Furthermore, resilience was not significantly influenced by the concentration of the crosslinking agents, but rather by the application of a higher polymer concentration in the crosslinking reaction; again irrespective of the polymer combination. In addition to the use of a factorial design, artificial neural modeling was employed to predict the textural properties based on the factorial matrix as a statistically suitable data source. Neural networks appeared to be a strong competitor of factorial regression for the prediction of textural data. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:2559,2570, 2002 [source] Psychosocial Adjustment Over a Two,Year Period in Children Referred for Learning Problems: Risk, Resilience, and AdaptationLEARNING DISABILITIES RESEARCH & PRACTICE, Issue 1 2003Lisa G. Sorensen Children with learning difficulties have an increased prevalence of psychosocial adjustment problems. We hypothesized that within the context of a risk and resilience model contextual variables influence adjustment, over and above any effects of academic performance. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) was used to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial adjustment, changes in academic skills, and contextual factors longitudinally over a two,year period in 100 children (ages 7 to 11) referred for learning problems. Although there was little improvement in academic skills, contextual factors contributed to observed psychosocial outcome. Different factors were salient for parents, teachers, and children. Context,derived vulnerability and protective factors can be important determinants of adjustment in children with learning problems, even though the academic difficulties can remain chronic. [source] Constructive Resilience: The Bahá'í Response to OppressionPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 2 2010Michael Karlberg Against the backdrop of dramatic struggles for social change in the twentieth century, characterized by non-violent opposition and civil disobedience, the Bahá'í community of Iran has pursued a distinctively non-adversarial approach to social change under conditions of violent oppression. This non-adversarial model has received little attention in the literature on social change. This article therefore seeks to bring the model into focus by outlining the Bahá'í community's experience of oppression, by examining the principles that inform their collective response to oppression, by discussing the results of their response, and by deriving from this a set of heuristic insights that can guide further inquiry into the dynamics of peace and change. [source] That Which Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger: Runaway Youth's Resilience to Depression in the Family ContextAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2010Gizem Erdem The present study sought to uncover the relationship between risk and protective factors for depressive symptomatology among runaway youth. To that aim, 3 models of resiliency,the compensatory, risk-protective, and challenge models,were tested separately on girls and boys. The data came from a cross-sectional survey on a sample of 140 runaway adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years who were recruited from the only runaway crisis shelter in a large Midwestern city. Risk factors in the proposed model included primary caretaker's depressive symptoms, family conflict, and adolescent's and primary caretaker's verbal aggression; protective factors included adolescent's report of task-oriented coping and family cohesion. Findings supported the challenge model for predicting adolescent depressive symptoms, suggesting that moderate levels of risk can be beneficial for these runaway adolescents. In addition, risk and protective factors differed by adolescent gender. Implications for preventive interventions and future research are discussed. [source] Community-Building Before, During, and After Times of Trauma: The Application of the LINC Model of Community Resilience in KosovoAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2010Ferid Agani A family's heritage and values have profound bearing on the stressors they encounter and how they cope. Socioeconomic change, natural and man-made disasters, and international migration are major influences on the integrity of society. In these times of global financial crisis, communities around the world are in danger of losing their intrinsic structure and protective factors. Connectedness or attachment to family and culture of origin correlate with reduced risk-taking behaviors and a reduction in family and societal violence, posttraumatic stress, addiction, depression, suicidality, sexual risk taking, and other chronic and/or life-threatening health problems and illnesses. Facilitating these families' cultural and community ties and enhancing their access to extended-family and community resources can thus be protective against trauma. These relationships foster resilience and reduce the short- and long-term effects of stress on families and communities. Targets of interventions may be individuals, families, or communities. Assessment of vulnerabilities, protective factors, goals, and resources encourages and facilitates collaboration across natural and artificial support systems. Such collaboration is important in building resilience rather than perpetuating vulnerability and long-term problems for individuals, their families, and the communities in which they live. The recent Kosovar experience in implementing the LINC Model of Community Resilience illustrates these principles, as applied in the context of substance abuse services and community rebuilding in the period soon after armed conflict. [source] Resilience in Homeless Youth: The Key Role of Self-EsteemAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2008CPRP, Sean Kidd PhD This study examined the protective role of self-esteem, social involvement, and secure attachment among homeless youths. These protective factors were examined as they ameliorate risks among 208 homeless youths surveyed in New York City and Toronto. Both mental and physical health indicators were employed in this study, including loneliness, feeling trapped, suicidal ideation, subjective health status, and substance use. Self-esteem emerged as a key protective factor, predicting levels of loneliness, feeling trapped, and suicide ideation, and buffering against the deleterious effect of fearful attachment on loneliness. Findings highlight the role of the self-concept in risk and resilience among homeless youth. [source] Former Foster Youth Attending College: Resilience and the Transition to Young AdulthoodAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2005Alice M. Hines PhD The primary purpose of this study was to further research and theory development in the area of risk and resilience by exploring factors associated with academic success among former foster youth,a group at high risk for developmental failure. Using data obtained from in-depth qualitative interviews with 14 former foster youth currently attending a 4-year university, the study described in this article explored factors related to their academic success. Results indicated that factors at the individual, family, and community levels and encompassing more than 1 system at a time were integral in understanding developmental pathways of these youth. Results further suggested that resilience in 1 developmental or functional domain was not necessarily reflected in others. Findings are discussed in terms of conceptual and theoretical directions for further research in the area of resilience and the transition to young adulthood, with a particular emphasis on former foster youth. [source] Resilience: A Many-Splendored Construct?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 4 2002Anthony N. Maluccio DSW First page of article [source] Resilience of Native Plant Community Following Manual Control of Invasive Cinchona pubescens in GalápagosRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 2010Heinke Jäger As invasive plant species are a major driver of change on oceanic islands, their control is an important challenge for restoration ecology. The post-control recovery of native vegetation is crucial for the treatments to be considered successful, but few studies have evaluated the effects of control measures on both target and non-target species. To investigate the efficiency of manual control of Cinchona pubescens and its impacts on the sub-tropical highland vegetation of Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, vegetation was sampled before and up to two years after control was carried out in permanent sampling plots. Manual control significantly reduced Cinchona density. Due to regeneration from the seed or bud bank, follow-up control is required, however, for long-term success. Despite heavy disturbance from tree uprooting, herbaceous angiosperms were little affected by the control actions, whereas dominant fern species declined in cover initially. Most native, endemic, and other introduced species regained their pre-control levels of cover 2 years after control; some species even exceeded them. The total number of species significantly increased over the study period, as did species diversity. The native highland vegetation appeared to be resilient, recovering to a level probably more characteristic of the pre-invasion state without human intervention after Cinchona control. However, some introduced species seemed to have been facilitated by the control actions, namely Stachys agraria and Rubus niveus. Further monitoring is needed to confirm the long-term nature of vegetation change in the area. [source] The Viennese Heuriger: Cultural Resilience and Commercialization amidst the VineyardsTHE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 1 2001Mike F. Keen First page of article [source] Resilience of a high-conservation-value, semi-arid grassland on fertile clay soils to burning, mowing and ploughingAUSTRAL ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2010TOM LEWIS Abstract In grassland reserves, managed disturbance is often necessary to maintain plant species diversity. We carried out experiments to determine the impact of fire, kangaroo grazing, mowing and disc ploughing on grassland species richness and composition in a nature reserve in semi-arid eastern Australia. Vegetation response was influenced by winter,spring drought after establishment of the experiments, but moderate rainfall followed in late summer,autumn. Species composition varied greatly between sampling times, and the variability due to rainfall differences between seasons and years was greater than the effects of fire, kangaroo grazing, mowing or disc ploughing. In the fire experiment, species richness and composition recovered more rapidly after spring than autumn burning. Species richness and composition were similar to control sites within 12 months of burning and mowing, suggesting that removal of the dominant grass canopy is unnecessary to enhance plant diversity. Two fires (separated by 3 years) and post-fire kangaroo grazing had only minor influence on species richness and composition. Even disc ploughing caused only a small reduction in native richness. The minor impact of ploughing was explained by the small areas that were ploughed, the once-off nature of the treatment, and the high degree of natural movement and cracking in these shrink-swell soils. Recovery of the composition and richness of these grasslands was rapid because of the high proportion of perennial species that resprout vegetatively after fire and mowing. There appears to be little conservation benefit from fire, mowing or ploughing ungrazed areas, as we could identify no native plant species dependent on frequent disturbance for persistence in this grassland community. However, the ability of the Astrebla- and Dichanthium -dominated grasslands to recover quickly after disturbance, given favourable seasonal conditions, suggests that they are well adapted to natural disturbances (e.g. droughts, fire, flooding and native grazing). [source] Resilience of arboreal folivores to habitat damage by a severe tropical cycloneAUSTRAL ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2008ROBYN F. WILSON Abstract Severe tropical cyclones greatly modify habitat of arboreal folivores by destroying forest canopy, reducing structure and complexity and defoliating remaining trees. We hypothesized that forest modification following severe Cyclone Larry would stress arboreal folivores of the Family Pseudocheiridae and be reflected in increased home ranges and a decrease in body condition. We conducted 19 pre-cyclone and 24 post-cyclone spotlighting surveys at a site with severe cyclone damage, and 18 post-cyclone surveys at a site with minor damage. We detected a greater number of lemuroid, Hemibelideus lemuroides and green, Pseudochirops archeri, ringtail possums as these possums remained in the severely damaged canopy and forest edge. In contrast, Herbert River ringtail possums, Pseudochirulus herbertensis, were detected in smaller numbers. We radio-tracked eight P. herbertensis before the cyclone, following two of these and nine new animals after the category 4 cyclone. No significant post-cyclone alteration in home range area or span was recorded in data pooled across the two sites or in limited post-cyclone data at the severely disturbed site, but a greater variability in home range was observed after cyclone (pooled across sites: 1.72 ± 0.77 ha; 197 ± 47 m) than before the cyclone (1.35 ± 0.30 ha; 196 ± 23 m). In contrast, pooled pre- and post-cyclone home range areas and spans were larger at the severely-disturbed site (2.08 ± 0.56 ha; 231 ± 32 m) than at the site with minor damage (0.68 ± 0.11 ha; 114 ± 25 m), suggesting resources were more widely spread at the former site. Post-cyclone home ranges were also larger at the severely damaged site (severe: 3.33 ± 1.36 ha, n = 3; minor: 0.52 ± 0.07 ha, n = 4). Condition of P. herbertensis (mass/tail length) did not differ significantly pre- and post-cyclone or between less and severely disturbed sites. These results and observations of breeding after cyclone suggest that possum populations may be resilient to severe cyclone damage under the relatively wet conditions experienced post-Cyclone Larry. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||