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Resident Birds (resident + bird)

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Life Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Distribution Patterns of Migrant and Resident Birds in Successional Forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico,

BIOTROPICA, Issue 1 2001
Andrea L. Smith
ABSTRACT Increasing human activity in the Yucatan peninsula has led to declines in older stages of successional forest, threatening regional habitat diversity. To determine potential effects of this habitat loss on the region's avifauna, we examined the relative use of different forest stages by resident and migrant birds during the nonbreeding season. We used the fixed-width transect method to compare the distribution, abundance, and diversity of forest birds in early (five to ten years old), mid (15,25 years), and late (<50 years) successional forests in the state of Campeche, Mexico, in the south-central part of the peninsula. All stages of successional forest had highly similar bird assemblages and did not differ in bird abundance or diversity. Both migrant and resident birds occurred across the successional gradient. The majority of habitat specialists, however, were resident birds restricted to late-successional forest, indicating that early secondary growth may not be suitable for all species. Furthermore, resident birds that typically participate in mixed-species flocks attained their greatest densities in the oldest forest habitat. Rapid recovery of pre-disturbance physiognomic features, in addition to high levels of habitat connectivity in the region, may contribute to similar bird communities across a range of successional stages. The high degree of edge characterizing much of the forest mosaic also may allow birds access to different serai stages. Loss of late-successional forest, however, is likely to adversely affect the subset of resident avifauna that depends on unique features of mature habitat such as snags, large trees, and climatic buffering. Conservation efforts in Campeche should focus on the specialized requirements of the most habitat-restricted species while preserving the current landscape mosaic characteristic of the small-scale shifting cultivation system. RESUMES El aumento de la actividad humana en el uso del suelo en la Peninsula de Yucatán, ha resultado en la disminución de la regeneración de la selva a etapas más maduras de sucesión, amenazando la diversidad regional de habitats. Para determinar los efectos de esta pérdida sobre la avifauna de la región, estudiamos el uso de diferentes etapas de sucesión de la selva por aves residentes y migratorias durante la temporada no reproductiva. Usamos el método de transecto linear de anchura fija para comparar la distributión, abundancia y diversidad de aves en vegetaclón sucesional (acahuales) de diferentes edades, incluyendo acahual joven (cinco a diez años de edad), acahual de edad media (15-25 afios) y selva (>50 afios) en el sur del estado de Campeche, Mexico. Diferentes etapas de sucesión de la selva tuvieron composition de aves muy similares y no variaron en la abundancia y la diversidad. Tanto las especies migrantes como residentes, estuvieron presentes a travél del gradiente sucesional. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los especialistas fueron aves residentes restingidas a etapas más viejas de sucesión de selva, indicando que la vegetatión sucesional temprana no es favorable para todas las especies. En adicion, las aves residentes que tipicamente participan en bandadas mixtas tuvieron sus densidades más altas en la selva de mayor edad de sucesión. La rápida recuperatión de la selva a sus caracteristicas de estado primario, en adición al alto grado de conectividad de habitat en la región, puede permitir a muchas especies nativas encontrarse en diferentes etapas de vegetatión sucesional. El alto grado de efecto de borde que caracteriza la mayor pane del mosaico de bosque tambíen puede permitir a las aves el acceso a los diferentes tipos de vegetación sucesional. Sin embargo, la pérdida de selva en etapa más madura de sucesión, probablemente rendrá un efecto más adverso sobre el grupo de aves residentes que depende de características únicas de selva madura, tales como árboles secos, árboles grandes y amortiguamiento climático. Los esfuerzos de conservatión deberían enfocarse sobre las especies sensibles con requerimientos especializados de hábitat, preservando selva nativa a la vez que las características actuates de mosaico del paisaje, manteniendo las actividades de roza-tumba y quema a pequena escala. [source]

Persistent organochlorine residues and their bioaccumulation profiles in resident and migratory birds from North Vietnam

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2002
Tu Binh Minh
Abstract Concentrations of persistent organochlorines (OCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1 1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p -chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordane compounds (CHLs), were determined in whole-body homogenates of resident and migratory birds collected from the Red River estuary, North Vietnam, during March and October 1997. Contamination pattern was in the order of DDTs > PCBs > HCHs > CHLs > HCB in both resident and migratory birds. Residue concentrations, according to the feeding habit, showed little variability, which may reflect relatively similar trophic levels of the bird species analyzed. Resident birds accumulated greater concentrations of DDTs as compared to migrants. In contrast, HCH residues were greater in migratory species. Higher proportions of p,p,-DDT to total DDT concentrations were found in many species of residents and migrants, indicating recent exposure to technical DDT in northern Vietnam. Congener-specific PCB analysis showed the predominance of penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls in all the species analyzed. Estimation of hepatic microsomal enzyme activities suggested higher metabolic capacity for PCB congeners in shore birds from Vietnam as compared to higher-trophic predator birds and marine mammals. Comparison of OC residues in avian species in Asia-Pacific revealed that DDT residues in resident birds in North Vietnam are among the highest values reported for the countries surveyed, suggesting recent usage of DDT in Vietnam. Available data for birds, fish, and bivalves from the recent Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch Program suggested that Vietnam might be a potential source of DDT contamination in Asian developing countries. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the OC accumulation in avian species from Vietnam. [source]

Reactions of nomadic and resident parrot species

INTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2000
C. METTKE-HOFMANN
The exploratory behaviour of six species of lorikeet (Loriini) and four species of broad-tailed parrot (Platycercini), which differ in their migratory behaviour, was tested to investigate whether residents and nomads show different reactions to environmental enrichment. For each species, seven pairs of birds were tested in a familiar aviary. The test was performed on 2 days, separated by a resting period of 2 days. Three unknown objects were brought into the aviary for 24 hours on day 1 and 6 hours on day 2. The results showed that more resident birds contacted the objects than nomadic birds and that residents showed shorter latencies until first contact than nomads. No differences between groups occurred in the duration of exploration but there was a positive correlation between duration of exploration and the tendency of the species to exhibit plucking behaviour. The results suggest that object presentation is a useful tool in supporting activity in resident as well as nomadic Psittacidae. [source]

Distribution Patterns of Migrant and Resident Birds in Successional Forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico,

BIOTROPICA, Issue 1 2001
Andrea L. Smith
ABSTRACT Increasing human activity in the Yucatan peninsula has led to declines in older stages of successional forest, threatening regional habitat diversity. To determine potential effects of this habitat loss on the region's avifauna, we examined the relative use of different forest stages by resident and migrant birds during the nonbreeding season. We used the fixed-width transect method to compare the distribution, abundance, and diversity of forest birds in early (five to ten years old), mid (15,25 years), and late (<50 years) successional forests in the state of Campeche, Mexico, in the south-central part of the peninsula. All stages of successional forest had highly similar bird assemblages and did not differ in bird abundance or diversity. Both migrant and resident birds occurred across the successional gradient. The majority of habitat specialists, however, were resident birds restricted to late-successional forest, indicating that early secondary growth may not be suitable for all species. Furthermore, resident birds that typically participate in mixed-species flocks attained their greatest densities in the oldest forest habitat. Rapid recovery of pre-disturbance physiognomic features, in addition to high levels of habitat connectivity in the region, may contribute to similar bird communities across a range of successional stages. The high degree of edge characterizing much of the forest mosaic also may allow birds access to different serai stages. Loss of late-successional forest, however, is likely to adversely affect the subset of resident avifauna that depends on unique features of mature habitat such as snags, large trees, and climatic buffering. Conservation efforts in Campeche should focus on the specialized requirements of the most habitat-restricted species while preserving the current landscape mosaic characteristic of the small-scale shifting cultivation system. RESUMES El aumento de la actividad humana en el uso del suelo en la Peninsula de Yucatán, ha resultado en la disminución de la regeneración de la selva a etapas más maduras de sucesión, amenazando la diversidad regional de habitats. Para determinar los efectos de esta pérdida sobre la avifauna de la región, estudiamos el uso de diferentes etapas de sucesión de la selva por aves residentes y migratorias durante la temporada no reproductiva. Usamos el método de transecto linear de anchura fija para comparar la distributión, abundancia y diversidad de aves en vegetaclón sucesional (acahuales) de diferentes edades, incluyendo acahual joven (cinco a diez años de edad), acahual de edad media (15-25 afios) y selva (>50 afios) en el sur del estado de Campeche, Mexico. Diferentes etapas de sucesión de la selva tuvieron composition de aves muy similares y no variaron en la abundancia y la diversidad. Tanto las especies migrantes como residentes, estuvieron presentes a travél del gradiente sucesional. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los especialistas fueron aves residentes restingidas a etapas más viejas de sucesión de selva, indicando que la vegetatión sucesional temprana no es favorable para todas las especies. En adicion, las aves residentes que tipicamente participan en bandadas mixtas tuvieron sus densidades más altas en la selva de mayor edad de sucesión. La rápida recuperatión de la selva a sus caracteristicas de estado primario, en adición al alto grado de conectividad de habitat en la región, puede permitir a muchas especies nativas encontrarse en diferentes etapas de vegetatión sucesional. El alto grado de efecto de borde que caracteriza la mayor pane del mosaico de bosque tambíen puede permitir a las aves el acceso a los diferentes tipos de vegetación sucesional. Sin embargo, la pérdida de selva en etapa más madura de sucesión, probablemente rendrá un efecto más adverso sobre el grupo de aves residentes que depende de características únicas de selva madura, tales como árboles secos, árboles grandes y amortiguamiento climático. Los esfuerzos de conservatión deberían enfocarse sobre las especies sensibles con requerimientos especializados de hábitat, preservando selva nativa a la vez que las características actuates de mosaico del paisaje, manteniendo las actividades de roza-tumba y quema a pequena escala. [source]

Feather deuterium measurements reveal origins of migratory western loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides) wintering in Mexico

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, Issue 2 2007
Guillermo E. Pérez
ABSTRACT Understanding the winter distributions of migrant birds is important because productivity and recruitment are influenced by conditions at several locations and periods in the life cycle of individuals. The western loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides, is a threatened species in Canada, and its decline is attributed to potential limitations on the wintering grounds. We examined patterns of stable-hydrogen isotope (,D) distributions in feathers of loggerhead shrikes, primarily of L. l. excubitorides, during winter at three regions in north and central Mexico, to establish relative abundance and origins of migrants. We also investigated potential movements of Mexican winter resident individuals. Using shrike museum specimens of known summer provenance, a shrike deuterium base map for Mexico was developed from isotopic measurement of feathers of resident shrikes and use of a recently established feather base map for raptors in North America. Stable hydrogen isotope analyses of inner secondary feather (s9) of all loggerhead shrikes examined in Mexico during winter indicated that north-central (Region A), north-eastern (Region B) and south-central (Region C) sites in Mexico consisted of 28.1%, 73.7% and 63.8% of migrant individuals from northern breeding grounds, respectively. Isotopic evidence suggested movements of a few local residents birds (7.9%) into the Chihuahuan desert from south-western USA and north-eastern Mexico to winter. [source]