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Reproduction Technology (reproduction + technology)
Selected AbstractsCryobanking of viable biomaterials: implementation of new strategies for conservation purposesMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2009DOMINIK LERMEN Abstract Cryobanking, the freezing of biological specimens to maintain their integrity for a variety of anticipated and unanticipated uses, offers unique opportunities to advance the basic knowledge of biological systems and their evolution. Notably, cryobanking provides a crucial opportunity to support conservation efforts for endangered species. Historically, cryobanking has been developed mostly in response to human economic and medical needs , these needs must now be extended to biodiversity conservation. Reproduction technologies utilizing cryobanked gametes, embryos and somatic cells are already vital components of endangered species recovery efforts. Advances in modern biological research (e.g. stem cell research, genomics and proteomics) are already drawing heavily on cryobanked specimens, and future needs are anticipated to be immense. The challenges of developing and applying cryobanking for a broader diversity of species were addressed at an international conference held at Trier University (Germany) in June 2008. However, the magnitude of the potential benefits of cryobanking stood in stark contrast to the lack of substantial resources available for this area of strategic interest for biological science , and society at large. The meeting at Trier established a foundation for a strong global incentive to cryobank threatened species. The establishment of an Amphibian Ark cryobanking programme offers the first opportunity for global cooperation to achieve the cryobanking of the threatened species from an entire vertebrate class. [source] Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation associated with a congenital bilateral absence of vas deferensINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 3 2008Hideo Sakamoto Abstract: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations associated with cystic fibrosis have been reported to be rare in Japanese patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD). A 28-year-old Japanese male was referred for infertility. Vas deferens and epididymis were not palpable bilaterally. Semen analyses showed azoospermia with volumes below 2.0 ml. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone value was slightly elevated. Seminal fructose concentration was also very low. Scrotal ultrasonography showed absence of the bodies and tails of the right and left epididymides. Imaging studies showed cystic dysplasia of the right seminal vesicle and agenesis of the left seminal vesicle. A CFTR gene mutation of I556V was found. Recent studies show that prevalence of CFTR gene mutation in Japanese CBAVD patients may be approximately equal to that of the Caucasian population. Genetic counselling may be recommended for any couple attempting assisted reproduction technology when the man has CBAVD. [source] Triplet pregnancy with partial hydatidiform mole coexisting with two fetuses: A case reportJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4pt2 2008Cheol Hong Kim Abstract Hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus is rare, but this condition has recently shown an increased incidence because of assisted reproduction technology. Herein, we report on a case of triplet pregnancy with a partial hydatidiform mole coexisting with two fetuses. It was diagnosed by p57kip2 immunohistochemical staining which is helpful in determining histologically equivocal cases. After termination of pregnancy, the patient was diagnosed with persistent gestational trophoblastic disease. Six courses of methotrexate chemotherapy were performed. Her ,-human chorionic gonadotrophin titers then fell to a normal level. [source] Nuchal translucency in dichorionic twins conceived after assisted reproductionPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 6 2006P. W. Hui Abstract Objectives As opposed to biochemical markers of Down syndrome, nuchal translucency (NT) was once thought to be a more reliable screening marker for high order multiple pregnancies and pregnancies conceived after assisted conception. Recent data suggested that NT in singleton fetuses from assisted reproduction technology (ART) was thicker than those from singleton pregnancies. The present study compared the thickness of NT in dichorionic twins from natural conception and assisted reproduction. Methods A retrospective analysis for comparison of NT thickness on 3319 spontaneous singletons, 19 pairs of spontaneous twins and 27 pairs of assisted reproduction twins was performed. Results The median NT multiple of median (MoM) of spontaneous singletons was 1.00. For twins, the median NT MoM for pregnancies after assisted reproduction and natural conception were 1.02 and 1.07 respectively. There was no statistical difference in the NT thickness among the three pregnancy groups. Conclusion Contrary to the observed increase in NT in singleton pregnancies from assisted reproduction, the NT in dichorionic twins was comparable to the spontaneous ones. The mode of conception appears to impose differential influence on singletons and twins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Clinical findings in congenital absence of the vasa deferentiaANDROLOGIA, Issue 1 2000Dr W.-H. Summary. In a clinical study, 105 patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and 18 with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) were investigated. CUAVD was observed on the left side in 66%. Renal agenesis was more frequent in CUAVD (73.7%) than in CBAVD (11.8%). The leading signs of CBAVD are low pH level (average 6.5) and low volume of the ejaculate (average 0.95 ml). Testicular biopsies of 52 patients revealed normal spermatogenesis or hypospermatogenesis (33% in CBAVD; 45% in CUAVD). Genetic probing and counselling concerning cystic fibrosis are necessary if extracorporal microfertilization is considered. The absence of the vas deferens was often overlooked by the first investigator, the average time until correct diagnosis being 4.3 years. As artificial reproduction technology becomes more common, detection of vasal agenesis will certainly be made earlier and more frequently in the future. In order to assure compatibility of subsequent prospective studies about CBAVD and CUAVD, the following investigations are considered to be necessary: (i) semen analysis (pH, volume); (ii) renal ultrasonography or excretory urogram (screening for renal agenesis); (iii) genetic cystic fibrosis screening. [source] Reducing multiple pregnancy in assisted reproduction technology: towards a policy of single blastocyst transfer in younger womenBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 9 2008E Kalu Objectives, To investigate the effects of single blastocyst transfer (SBT) on live birth and multiple pregnancy in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Design, Descriptive cohort study. Setting, A London private IVF/postgraduate training unit. Sample, A total of 700 fresh and 102 frozen blastocyst cycles performed between January 2005 and December 2006. Methods, Young women aged 25,37 years and those aged 38,43 years were further divided into those who had SBT and those who received two blastocysts (double blastocyst transfer [DBT]). Live birth and multiple pregnancy rates were compared between groups. Cumulative live birth was compared between women who had DBT and those who received a SBT followed by a frozen blastocyst if the fresh cycle was unsuccessful. Main outcome measures, Live birth rate, cumulative live birth rate, multiple pregnancy rate, uptake of SBT. Results, Among women aged 25,37 years, live birth rate following SBT was 59.0 versus 60.7% following DBT. The twin pregnancy rate in this group was 2.3 and 47.6% respectively. For women aged 38,43 years, live birth following SBT was 29.4% and multiple pregnancy rate was 33.3%. DBT in older women gave a higher live birth rate (44.3%) and a multiple pregnancy rate of 36.4%. Cumulative live birth following SBT in women aged 25,37 years was 72.8% versus 60.5% following DBT. Among the women aged 38,43 years, cumulative live birth was higher (63.3%) following DBT versus 28.6% following SBT. Conclusion, Single blastocyst transfer followed by transfer of a frozen blastocyst if the preceding fresh cycle was unsuccessful resulted in a better cumulative live birth and lower twin pregnancy in young women. In older women, two fresh blastocysts gave better results than one fresh followed by a frozen cycle. Older women should have the option of replacing two fresh blastocysts as this optimises their chances of taking home a baby. [source] | |||||||||||||