Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Representative Random Sample (representative + random_sample)
Selected AbstractsHow do trends in smoking prevalence among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian secondary students between 1996 and 2005 compare?AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2009Victoria White Abstract Objective: To compare trends in smoking prevalence between 1996 and 2005 among Indigenous and non-Indigenous secondary students across Australia. Methods: Representative random samples of secondary students aged 12-17 years completed self-report anonymous surveys. Questionnaires assessed any cigarette smoking in lifetime, and smoking in past month, week and on at least three of the previous seven days. Intention to smoke in the next 12 months was assessed on a 7-point scale. Students self-identified as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Results: Three to four per cent of students identified as being Indigenous at each survey. Smoking was more common among Indigenous than non-Indigenous students. Between 1996 and 2005, the proportion of smoking declined among both Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. However, among 12-15 year olds, the rate of decline was different for the two groups. Among non-Indigenous students in this age group, prevalence decreased steadily between 1996 and 2005. Among Indigenous students, the decrease mainly occurred between 1999 and 2002. Smoking intention was higher for Indigenous than non-Indigenous students. The mean intention decreased between 1996 and 2005 among both student groups. Conclusions: Smoking prevalence decreased among both Indigenous and non-Indigenous students between 1996 and 2005. Implications: Reductions in Indigenous students' tobacco use and intentions coincided with a period of increased tobacco control activity, suggesting that these activities may positively influence smoking behaviours. [source] U.S. High-Performance Work Practices at Century's EndINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 4 2006JOSEPH R. BLASI This study examines the incidence, industry differences, and economic environment of work practices in the United States in 1994 and 1997 using census data from a nationally representative random sample of establishments. Self-managed work teams were used by a majority of workers in some sites. Work-related meetings had higher incidence. A high-performance work organization is used in about 1 percent of establishments. There were significant industry differences associated with globalization, namely, imports and exports. [source] Pregnancy and contraceptive use in a national representative sample of Australian secondary school studentsAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2006Paul Agius Objective: To determine rate of pregnancy and use of contraception in a nationally representative sample of school students. Methods: Year 10 and 12 students from a representative random sample of schools throughout Australia completed a survey concerning health and sexual behaviour. Results: Thirty-five per cent of students had experienced sexual intercourse. Of these, 6.1% (males 4.1%, females 7.8%) reported they had experienced sex that resulted in pregnancy, and a further 7.5% were unsure. Most sexually active students reported using a condom (65%), and a further 36.8% reported using the pill for contraception the last time they had sex. Relatively few students (17.2%) used a dual contraceptive (female method and condom). Conclusions: Rates of reported pregnancy among Year 10 and 12 students are relatively high. Although the majority of students used some form of contraception when they had sex, a significant minority practised unprotected and unsafe sex. Implications for public health practice: Sex education concerning pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risks must be delivered early enough to influence first and early sexual activity. [source] Geographic differences in tooth loss and denture-wearing among the elderly in NorwayCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2003Birgitte Moesgaard Henriksen Abstract , Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of teeth and dentures in individuals aged 67 years and above. Methods: A representative random sample of 1152 individuals was drawn from 11 of the 19 counties of Norway. In all, 582 subjects were interviewed and examined clinically by the same dentist (BMH) in 1996,99. Fifty-four had died before contact was established, and the response rate was 53%. The mean age of those examined was 76.4 ± 5.9 years, range 67,99 years. Results: In all, 40.0% had ,own teeth only', 27.9% ,own teeth and dentures' and 31.6% ,dentures only'. Three participants had neither teeth nor dentures. Interviews with 35 nonparticipants disclosed no statistically significant differences regarding dental/denture status compared to participants. By using stepwise polychotomous logistic regression, three regions of Norway could be identified with respect to the occurrence of teeth and dentures; significant differences existed between them and nonsignificant differences were found within them. In region A (South-East counties including the capital Oslo), region B (West-Central counties), and region C (Northern counties) the prevalence of ,own teeth only', ,own teeth and dentures' and ,dentures only' were 62.0, 26.5 and 11.1% in region A, 27.7, 28.9 and 43.1% in region B and 2.9, 28.6 and 65.7% in region C, respectively. Teeth were observed in 394 individuals, the mean number being 19, 15 and 11 in regions A, B and C, respectively (over all mean 17 teeth). Conclusions: There are large geographical disparities with respect to dental/denture status in Norway. The oral health goals for the year 2000 suggested by WHO/FDI were far from met in large areas of the country at the time when the data were collected, (1996,99). [source] | ||||||||||