Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Representative Panel (representative + panel)
Selected AbstractsMedical demography and intergenerational inequalities in general practitioners' earningsHEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 9 2008B. Dormont Abstract This article examines the link between restrictions on the number of physicians and general practitioners' (GPs) earnings. Using a representative panel of 6016 French self-employed GPs over the years 1983,2004, we estimate an earnings function to identify experience, time and cohort effects. The estimated gap in earnings between ,good' and ,bad' cohorts can be as large as 25%. GPs who began their practices during the eighties have the lowest permanent earnings: they belong to the large cohorts of the baby-boom and face the consequences of an unlimited number of places in medical schools. Conversely, the decrease in the number of places in medical schools led to an increase in permanent earnings of GPs who began their practices in the mid-nineties. A stochastic dominance analysis shows that unobserved heterogeneity does not compensate for average differences in earnings between cohorts. These findings suggest that the first years of practice are decisive for a GP. If competition between physicians is too intense at the beginning of their careers, they will suffer from permanently lower earnings. To conclude, our results show that the policies aimed at reducing the number of medical students succeeded in buoying up physicians' permanent earnings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Accessibility of Addiction Treatment: Results from a National Survey of Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment OrganizationsHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003Peter D. Friedmann Objectives This study examined organization-level characteristics associated with the accessibility of outpatient addiction treatment. Methods Program directors and clinical supervisors from a nationally representative panel of outpatient substance abuse treatment units in the United States were surveyed in 1990, 1995, and 2000. Accessibility was measured from clinical supervisors' reports of whether the treatment organization provided "treatment on demand" (an average wait time of 48 hours or less for treatment entry), and of whether the program turned away any patients. Results In multivariable logistic models, provision of "treatment on demand" increased two-fold from 1990 to 2000 (OR, 1.95; 95 percent CI, 1.5 to 2.6), while reports of turning patients away decreased nonsignificantly. Private for-profit units were twice as likely to provide "treatment on demand" (OR, 2.2; 95 percent CI, 1.3 to 3.6), but seven times more likely to turn patients away (OR, 7.4; 95 percent CI, 3.2 to 17.5) than public programs. Conversely, units that served more indigent populations were less likely to provide "treatment on demand" or to turn patients away. Methadone maintenance programs were also less likely to offer "treatment on demand" (OR, .65; 95 percent CI, .42 to .99), but more likely to turn patients away (OR, 2.4; 95 percent CI, 1.4 to 4.3). Conclusions Although the provision of timely addiction treatment appears to have increased throughout the 1990s, accessibility problems persist in programs that care for indigent patients and in methadone maintenance programs. [source] Characterizing a drug's primary binding site on albuminJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2003Yasmina S.N. Day Abstract Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors can be used to directly measure the binding of small molecules to albumin. We studied 12 drugs with different molecular masses and affinities for albumin to illustrate the benefits of the technology. To examine both high- and low-affinity sites on the protein, each drug was assayed across a 10,000-fold concentration range. The affinity constants determined from the biosensor assay corresponded with affinities determined by other methods. We expanded the utility of the biosensor technology by developing protocols to characterize drug displacement from albumin. Finally, we also compared how a representative panel of drugs bound albumins from 14 species. The results illustrate how biosensors can provide detailed information about the identification and affinity of a drug's primary binding site on albumin. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 92:333,343, 2003 [source] Consumers' search behaviour for GM food informationJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3-4 2005Ge Gao We report on the search for information on a genetically modified food by a sample of Canadian consumers. In the course of a computer-based survey on consumer choices, some 445 respondents, drawn from a large representative panel of Canadian consumers, had the opportunity for voluntary access to information related to a genetically modified food through hyperlinks. Slightly less than half actually sought the information. The economic construct of benefit,cost reasoning was applied to assess possible reasons for the different patterns of information access seen in the study. Gender, employment status, rural or urban residency and the number of children in the household affected the probability that respondents would access information. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Efficacy and Estrangement: Effects of VotingANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2009Justin D. Hackett This study examined changes in political efficacy and feelings of estrangement as a function of voting behavior in the 2008 presidential election in the U.S. Participants (n = 224), recruited from an online marketing company's representative panel of U.S. adults, completed a survey 4-6 weeks before the election and again 2-4 weeks after the election. Changes in internal and external political efficacy and feelings of estrangement were examined for three groups of voters (McCain voters, Obama voters, and non-voters) as well as by party affiliation. Internal political efficacy was and remained relatively high among Obama and McCain voters pre-election to post-election, but decreased for non-voters. Among Democrats, there was a significant increase in internal political efficacy, among Republicans, there was no change, and among those with no or a different party affiliation, there was a significant decrease. External political efficacy significantly increased pre-election to post-election among Obama voters and non-voters, but decreased for McCain voters. Additionally, post-election cultural estrangement was significantly higher among non-voters than voters. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical implications for understanding the potential impact of different forms of political participation. Several of the specific and distinctive aspects of the 2008 election and President Obama's campaign are also highlighted as they relate to voting behavior and potential changes in the American electorate. [source] Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Mercapto-1,3-benzothiazole Derivatives with Potential Antimicrobial ActivityARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 10 2009Carlo Franchini Abstract The enhancement of bacterial resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics constitutes a serious public health threat. So, intensive efforts are underway worldwide to develop new antimicrobial agents. To identify compounds with a potent antimicrobial profile, we designed and synthesized low molecular weight 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives 2a,2l and 3a,3l. Both series were screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against the representative panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. The biological screening identified compounds 2e and 2l as the most active ones showing an interesting antibacterial activity with MIC values of 3.12 ,g/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 25 ,g/mL against Escherichia coli, respectively. The replacement of the S-H by the S-Bn moiety resulted in considerable loss of the antibacterial action of the 3a,3l series. The antibiotic action of compounds 2e and 2l was also investigated by testing their activity against some clinical isolates with different antimicrobial resistance profile. Moreover, the involvement of the NorA efflux pump in the antibacterial activity of our molecules was evaluated. Finally, in this paper, we also describe the cytotoxic activity of the most interesting compounds by MTS assay against HeLa and MRC-5 cell lines. [source] Elections and public polling: Will the media get online polling right?PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 12 2002Dennis W. Johnson Public survey research came in for much criticism during the 2000 elections. The greatest controversy centered on the flawed data coming from the Voter News Service exit polls in Florida. For the long run, however, a more important issue concerned the validity and media reporting of surveys conducted online. Most online surveys are pseudo-polls, whose findings have no merit and should not be reported by the media. Their value is entertainment only. The fundamental problems with online surveys are that the samples drawn are unrepresentative of the population as a whole and the participants are self-selected. Two survey firms are trying to resolve the issue of sampling errors, using fundamentally different strategies, and spending enormous sums of money to create truly representative panels. The 2000 election results showed that online polling, done right, can be even more accurate than traditional telephone surveys. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||