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Removal System (removal + system)
Selected AbstractsAncillary Tools in Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction Using a Novel Lead Removal SystemPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001ANTONIS S. MANOLIS MANOLIS, A.S., et al.: Ancillary Tools in Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction Using a Novel Lead Removal System. A previous report described our preliminary experience with a highly successful pacing lead removal system (VascoExtor). Extending this experience, we found it necessary to use additional tools to enhance the success of percutaneous lead extraction with this system. In the present series, we used the standard locking stylets (S and K), and recently, one newer type of stylet (Magic) over the last 3 years in 34 patients to extract 48 pacemaker leads in 31 patients and 3 defibrillator (ICD) leads in 3 patients. Lead extraction was carried out in 23 men and 11 women (aged 64 ± 17 years) because of pacemaker infection (n = 21), pacemaker (n = 8) or ICD (n = 3) lead malfunction, or prior to ICD implant (n = 2). Leads were in place for 3.5 ± 3.7 years. Infections, involving pocket and lead(s), were due to S. epidermidis (n = 13), S. aureus (n = 6), S. aureus plus E. coli (n = 1), or fungi (n = 1). Of the 48 pacing leads, 31 were ventricular, 15 atrial, and 2 were VDD leads. The ICD leads were two double-coil leads (CPI) and one single-coil lead (Telectronics). Using the S (n = 12), K (n = 8), or Magic (n = 3) stylets, all pacing leads in 23 patients and the ICD leads in 2 patients were successfully removed from a subclavian approach using the locking stylets. However, in nine (26.5%) patients ancillary tools were required. In four patients, lead fragments were captured with use of a noose catheter, a pigtail catheter, and a bioptome from a right femoral approach. In two patients, locking could not be effected and a noose catheter from the right femoral vein was used, aided by a pigtail and an Amplatz catheter and a bioptome to remove three leads. In a patient with an ICD lead, a combined subclavian (stylet S) and right femoral approach (noose catheter) was required. In a patient with a dysfunctional ventricular lead 12 years old, a motor drive unit was used to facilitate the exchange of locking stylets, but extraction failed. In another patient, a fragment of a dysfunctional ventricular lead remained intravascularly despite resorting to a femoral approach. Finally, lead removal was completely (32/34, 94%) or partially (1/34, 3%) successful in 33 (97%) of 34 patients for 50 (98%) of 51 leads without complications. In conclusion, to enhance the success of pacing or ICD lead extraction with use of the VascoExtor locking stylets, an array of ancillary tools were required in more than one fourth of patients. [source] The beneficial role of intermediate clarification in a novel MBR based process for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removalJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2009MinGu Kim Abstract BACKGROUND: A novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) is described, employing an intermediate clarifier. Unlike the established function of a final clarifier in a conventional biological nutrient removal system, the role of an intermediate clarifier has rarely been studied. Thus, this work focused on explaining the fate of nutrients in the intermediate clarifier, as influenced by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the preceding anaerobic bioreactor. RESULTS: The system was tested with two different anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic biomass fractions of 0.25/0.25/0.5 (run 1) and 0.15/0.35/0.45 (run 2) using synthetic wastewater. The major findings of the study were that phosphorus (P) removal was affected by the role of the intermediate clarifier. In run 1, P was removed at a rate 0.16 g d,1 in the intermediate clarifier while in run 2, additional P was released at 0.49 g d,1. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiencies were 74 and 75% for runs 1 and 2 respectively, while P removal was 91 and 96%. P uptake by denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) accounted for 41,52% of the total uptake in the MBR. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the intermediate clarifier assisted chemical oxygen demand (COD), N, and P removal. With respect to the fate of P, the intermediate clarifier functioned as an extended anaerobic zone when the HRT of the preceding anaerobic zone was insufficient for P release, and as a pre-anoxic zone when the anaerobic HRT was adequate for P release. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] EXPLORING PORPHYRA SPECIES FOR USE AS NITROGEN SCRUBBERS IN INTEGRATED AQUACULTUREJOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2001Article first published online: 24 SEP 200 Carmona, R.1, Kraemer G. P.2, Zertuche, J. A.3, Chanes, L.4, Chopin, T.5, Neefus C.4,6 & Yarish, C.1 1Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biol., University of Connecticut, One University Place, Stamford, CT 06901, USA; 2Department of Environmental Sciences, State University of New York, Purchase, NY 10577 USA; 3IIO, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California. Ensenada,B.C., Mexico; 4DGETI-CBTis41, Mexico; 5CCSA, Dept. of Biol., University of New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B., E2L 4L5, Canada; 6Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA Finfish mariculture along the Northeast US coast continues to develop into a strong industry. At a regional level, mariculture can be a significant contributor to nutrient loading in coastal waters. Since macroalgae are able to concentrate nutrients and grow at high rates, they can be an useful tool for alleviating this problem. In addition, seaweed mariculture is by itself a multi-billion dollar industry, with the red alga Porphyra (nori) valued at over $US 1.8 billion. Local species and strains of Porphyra from the Northeast U.S.A. are being studied to determine their capacity as nutrient scrubbers under different nutrient and temperature conditions. P. purpurea was grown under two N sources (NO3- vs. NH4+). The fastest growth (up to 13% d-1) and greatest N content (ca. 7% DW) were measured in plants grown at 300 µM NH4+. Short-term NH4+ uptake by P. purpurea (strains from Maine and Long Island Sound) and by P. amplissima was not saturated at 150 µM, the highest concentration tested. The P. purpurea isolate from Maine took up NH4+ faster than did the Long Island Sound isolate. NH4+ uptake by P. amplissima was faster than uptake by either P. purpurea strain. The high growth rates obtained and the ability for N uptake and tissue accumulation make these species suitable for using as a biological nutrient removal system. [source] Ancillary Tools in Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction Using a Novel Lead Removal SystemPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001ANTONIS S. MANOLIS MANOLIS, A.S., et al.: Ancillary Tools in Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction Using a Novel Lead Removal System. A previous report described our preliminary experience with a highly successful pacing lead removal system (VascoExtor). Extending this experience, we found it necessary to use additional tools to enhance the success of percutaneous lead extraction with this system. In the present series, we used the standard locking stylets (S and K), and recently, one newer type of stylet (Magic) over the last 3 years in 34 patients to extract 48 pacemaker leads in 31 patients and 3 defibrillator (ICD) leads in 3 patients. Lead extraction was carried out in 23 men and 11 women (aged 64 ± 17 years) because of pacemaker infection (n = 21), pacemaker (n = 8) or ICD (n = 3) lead malfunction, or prior to ICD implant (n = 2). Leads were in place for 3.5 ± 3.7 years. Infections, involving pocket and lead(s), were due to S. epidermidis (n = 13), S. aureus (n = 6), S. aureus plus E. coli (n = 1), or fungi (n = 1). Of the 48 pacing leads, 31 were ventricular, 15 atrial, and 2 were VDD leads. The ICD leads were two double-coil leads (CPI) and one single-coil lead (Telectronics). Using the S (n = 12), K (n = 8), or Magic (n = 3) stylets, all pacing leads in 23 patients and the ICD leads in 2 patients were successfully removed from a subclavian approach using the locking stylets. However, in nine (26.5%) patients ancillary tools were required. In four patients, lead fragments were captured with use of a noose catheter, a pigtail catheter, and a bioptome from a right femoral approach. In two patients, locking could not be effected and a noose catheter from the right femoral vein was used, aided by a pigtail and an Amplatz catheter and a bioptome to remove three leads. In a patient with an ICD lead, a combined subclavian (stylet S) and right femoral approach (noose catheter) was required. In a patient with a dysfunctional ventricular lead 12 years old, a motor drive unit was used to facilitate the exchange of locking stylets, but extraction failed. In another patient, a fragment of a dysfunctional ventricular lead remained intravascularly despite resorting to a femoral approach. Finally, lead removal was completely (32/34, 94%) or partially (1/34, 3%) successful in 33 (97%) of 34 patients for 50 (98%) of 51 leads without complications. In conclusion, to enhance the success of pacing or ICD lead extraction with use of the VascoExtor locking stylets, an array of ancillary tools were required in more than one fourth of patients. [source] Comparison of Long-Pulsed Diode and Long-Pulsed Alexandrite Lasers for Hair Removal: A Long-Term Clinical and Histologic StudyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2001Christiane Handrick MD Background. Unwanted facial and body hair is a common problem, generating a high level of interest for treatment innovations. Advances in laser technology over the past several years has led to the development and distribution of numerous red and infrared lasers and light sources to address this issue. Despite the impressive clinical results that have been reported with the use of individual laser hair removal systems, long-term comparative studies have been scarce. Objective. To compare the clinical and histologic efficacy, side effect profile, and long-term hair reduction of long-pulsed diode and long-pulsed alexandrite laser systems. Methods. Twenty women with Fitzpatrick skin types I,IV and dark terminal hair underwent three monthly laser-assisted hair removal sessions with a long-pulsed alexandrite laser (755 nm, 2-msec pulse, 10 mm spot) and a long-pulsed diode laser (800 nm, 12.5 msec or 25 msec, 9 mm spot). Axillary areas were randomly assigned to receive treatment using each laser system at either 25 J/cm2 or 40 J/cm2. Follow-up manual hair counts and photographs of each area were obtained at each of the three treatment visits and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the final laser session. Histologic specimens were obtained at baseline, immediately after the initial laser treatment, and 1 and 6 months after the third treatment session. Results. After each laser treatment, hair counts were successively reduced and few patients found it necessary to shave the sparsely regrown hair. Optimal clinical response was achieved 1 month after the second laser treatment, regardless of the laser system or fluence used. Six months after the third and final treatment, prolonged clinical hair reduction was observed with no significant differences between the laser systems and fluences used. Histologic tissue changes supported the clinical responses observed with evidence of initial follicular injury followed by slow follicular regeneration. Side effects, including treatment pain and vesiculation, were rare after treatment with either laser system, but were observed more frequently with the long-pulsed diode system at the higher fluence of 40 J/cm2. Conclusion. Equivalent clinical and histologic responses were observed using a long-pulsed alexandrite and a long-pulsed diode laser for hair removal with minimal adverse sequelae. While long-term hair reduction can be obtained in most patients after a series of laser treatments, partial hair regrowth is typical within 6 months, suggesting the need for additional treatments to improve the rate of permanent hair removal. [source] Which are the polyphosphate accumulating organisms in full-scale activated sludge enhanced biological phosphate removal systems in Australia?JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006M. Beer Abstract Aims:, To see if the compositions of the microbial communities in full scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge systems were the same as those from laboratory scale sequencing batch reactors fed a synthetic sewage. Methods:, Biomass samples taken from nine full scale enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) activated sludge plants in the eastern states of Australia were analysed for their populations of polyphosphate (polyP)-accumulating organisms (PAO) using semi-quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in combination with DAPI (4,-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining for polyP. Results:, Very few betaproteobacterial Rhodocyclus related organisms could be detected by FISH in most of the plants examined, and even where present, not all these cells even within a single cluster, stained positively for polyP with DAPI. In some plants in samples from aerobic reactors the Actinobacteria dominated populations containing polyP. Conclusions:, The PAO populations in full-scale EBPR systems often differ to those seen in laboratory scale reactors fed artificial sewage, and Rhodocyclus related organisms, dominating these latter communities may not be as important in full-scale systems. Instead Actinobacteria may be the major PAO. Significance and Impact of the Study:, These findings illustrate how little is still known about the microbial ecology of EBPR processes and that more emphasis should now be placed on analysis of full-scale plants if microbiological methods are to be applied to monitoring their performances. [source] Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus removal and biofilm growth characteristics in an integrated wastewater treatment system involving a rotating biological contactorASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009Angelo H. Cabije Abstract A new rotating biological contactor-packed media technology (RBC-PMT) is locally innovated using light polyethylene Amazon screen material as disc media. A single-stage co-current fed of this type, which is connected with a series of equalization tanks as an integrated wastewater treatment system (IWWTS), showed good carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C-N-P) removal and unveiled biofilm growth characteristics noteworthy for treating pollutants in wastewater. The equalization tanks approached facultative anaerobic conditions while the RBC-PMT exhibited a completely aerated system, both with a slightly alkaline pH, whose temperatures are ranging from 21 to 24 °C, and both performed as biological nutrient removal systems. The combined nutrient removal efficiency at high organic loading rate (HOLR) and low organic loading rate (LOLR) showed fair chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal at 65.68 and 67.89%, respectively. Nitrate-nitrogen removal demonstrated good removal at 79.17% at HOLR and 83.43% at LOLR. There was excellent phosphate-phosphorus removal determined at 91.64 and 94.35% at high and low OLRs, respectively. This indicates that increasing the organic loading rate decreases the C-N-P removal in the IWWTS. Biofilm growth was characterized by the selection and survival of microorganisms present under aerobic environmental conditions in the RBC-PMT system and their respective metabolism in removing C-N-P substrates. Yeasts, coliform bacteria particularly E. coli, Cyanobacteria, and benthic diatoms were dominant microorganisms found upon oil-immersion microscopy. Protozoans and algae including Chlorococcum, Chlorella, Diatoma, Tribonema, Oscillatoria, Euglena, and other motile rotifiers were also dominantly found in the biofilm samples. Biofilm growth is observed and its average thickness was measured to be 7.71 µm at HOLR and 2.81 µm at LOLR. Thicker biofilm at HOLR has caused the reduced rate of diffusion of the microorganisms and their metabolic products as manifested by the low C-N-P removal during HOLR. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||