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Remaining Half (remaining + half)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

The anxiety buffering function of close relationships: mortality salience effects on the readiness to compromise mate selection standards

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
Gilad Hirschberger
This research examines the utility of a terror management approach to understanding the motivations and emotional consequences of compromise in mate selection. One hundred and sixty-eight undergraduates completed a self-esteem scale and a scale tapping ideal mate characteristics, and were then assigned either to a mortality salience, physical pain salience, or neutral condition. Half of the participants rated their readiness to compromise ideal mate standards and the remaining half completed a neutral scale. Then, participants completed a scale tapping their emotional state. Mortality salience led participants to significantly compromise their mate requirements. This effect seemed to be most pronounced among high self-esteem participants who also experienced the greatest amount of guilt when compromising under mortality salient conditions. Low self-esteem participants who compromised under mortality salient conditions reacted with higher levels of shame. The results are discussed in terms of the anxiety buffering functions of close relationships. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The kinetics of G-CSF folding

PROTEIN SCIENCE, Issue 10 2002
David N. Brems
Abstract The folding kinetics of G-CSF were determined by trp-fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism. Folding and unfolding was achieved by rapid dilution and mixing of the denaturant, GdnHCl. G-CSF is a four-helical bundle protein with two long loops between the first and second helices and between the third and fourth helices. The entire conformational change expected by fluorescence was observed by stopped-flow technology, but due to rapid refolding kinetics only a portion was observed by circular dichroism. G-CSF contains two trp residues, and their contribution to the fluorescent-detected kinetics were deciphered through the use of single-site trp mutants. The trp moieties are probes of the local conformation surrounding their environment. One trp at residue 118 is located within the third helix while the other trp at residue 58 is part of the long loop between the first and second helices. The refolding results were most consistent with the following mechanism: U , I1 , I2 , N; where U represents the unfolded protein, I1 represents intermediate state 1, I2 represents intermediate state 2, and N represents the native state. I1 is characterized as having approximately one-half of the native-like helical structure and none of the native-like fluorescence. I2 has 100% of the native helical structure and most of the trp-118 and little of the trp-58 native-like fluorescence. Thus refolding occurs in distinct stages with half of the helix forming first followed by the remaining half of the helix including the third helix and finally the loop between the first and second helices folds. [source]

Metastatic pathways and time courses in the orderly progression of cutaneous melanoma

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
F. Meier
SummaryBackground,,It is known that two-thirds of patients who develop clinical metastases following treatment of a primary cutaneous melanoma initially present with locoregional metastases and one-third initially present with distant metastases. However, few reports in the literature give detailed figures on different metastatic pathways in cutaneous melanoma. Objectives,,The aim of the present study was to perform a detailed analysis of the different metastatic pathways, the time course of the development of metastases and the factors influencing them. Methods,,In a series of 3001 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma at first presentation, 466 subsequently developed metastasis and were followed-up over the long term at the University of Tuebingen, Germany between 1976 and 1996. Different pathways of metastatic spread were traced. Associated risk factors for the different pathways were assessed. Differences in survival probabilities were calculated by the Kaplan,Meier method and evaluated by the log-rank test. Results,,In 50·2% of the patients the first metastasis after treatment of the primary tumour developed in the regional lymph nodes. In the remaining half of the patient sample the first metastasis developed in the lymphatic drainage area in front of the regional lymph nodes, as satellite or in-transit metastases (21·7%) or as direct distant metastases (28·1%). Anatomical location, sex and tumour thickness were significant risk factors for the development of metastasis by different pathways. The most important risk factor appeared to be the location of the primary tumour. The median intervals elapsing before the first metastasis differed significantly between the different metastatic pathways. The direct distant metastases became manifest after a median period of 25 months, thus later than the direct regional lymph node metastases (median latency period, 16 months) and the direct satellite and in-transit metastases (median latency period, 17 months). In patients who developed distant metastases the period of development was independent of the metastatic route. The time at which the distant metastases developed was roughly the same (between 24 and 30 months after the detection of the primary tumour), irrespective of whether satellite or in-transit metastases, lymph node metastases or distant metastases were the first to occur. Conclusions,,The time course of the development of distant metastasis was more or less the same irrespective of the metastatic pathway; this suggests that in patients with in-transit or satellite metastasis or regional lymph node metastasis, haematogenic metastatic spread had already taken place. Thus, the diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy and the therapeutic benefit of elective lymph node dissection may be limited, as satellite and in-transit metastases or direct distant metastases will not be detected and haematogenous spread may already have taken place when the intervention is performed. [source]

Immediate Loading of Brånemark System Implants®: A Comparison Between TiUniteTM and Turned Implants Placed in the Anterior Mandible

CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006
Kjell-Krister Fröberg DDS
ABSTRACT Purpose:, The aim of the present study was to compare the treatment outcome of TiUniteTM - and turned-surfaced Brånemark System® (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) implants when applying immediate loading of cross-arch designed fixed partial dentures in the anterior mandible. Materials and Methods:, Fifteen patients with edentulous mandibles participated in the study. In one half of the jaw, between the exit of the nerve-vessel bundle and the midline, one type of implant was placed and in the remaining half the other type. The implants were loaded the day of surgery via a fixed, temporary supra-construction. Ten days later, the permanent one was screw retained to the implant pillars. Results:, The present 18-month clinical trial failed to demonstrate any differences regarding healing and cumulative success rate of an an-oxidized implant surface (TiUnite) and a turned (turned) one when implants in the anterior mandible were exposed to functional load within 24 hours after installation. Conclusion:, A high predictability regarding the treatment outcome for immediately loaded Brånemark implants in the anterior mandible was observed. Furthermore, no difference between the traditional turned and the an-oxidized implant surface (TiUnite) could be observed. However, it has to be stressed that all implants (irrespective of surface) were placed in the anterior mandible and also that all the patients demonstrated a high level of oral hygiene. [source]