Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Religious
Terms modified by Religious Selected AbstractsMUSLIMS, HINDUS, AND SIKHS IN THE NEW RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ENGLAND,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 4 2003CERI PEACH ABSTRACT. This article examines the dramatic changes brought to English townscapes by Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism. These "new" religions have arrived with the large-scale immigration and subsequent natural growth of the minority ethnic populations of Great Britain since the 1950s. The article traces the growth and distribution of these populations and religions, as well as the development of their places of worship from front-room prayer rooms to cathedral-scale buildings. It explores the way in which the British planning process, dedicated to preserving the traditional, has engaged with the exotic. [source] THE UNIQUENESS OF THE AMERICAN RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPEGEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2001WILBUR ZELINSKY ABSTRACT. The assemblage of objects that constitute the publicly visible religious landscape of the United States,houses of worship and a variety of church-related enterprises,deviates so markedly from its counterparts in other lands that we can regard its uniqueness as a significant argument for American exceptionalism. The diagnostic features in question include the extraordinary number and variety of churches and denominations, their special physical attributes, the near-random microgeography of churches in urban areas, and, most especially, their nomenclature and the widely distributed signage promoting godliness and religiosity. Such landscape phenomena suggest connections with much-deeper issues concerning the origin and evolution of American society and culture. [source] THE RELIGIOUS IN RESPONSES TO MASS ATROCITY: INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES edited by Thomas Brudholm and Thomas Cushman NATIONS HAVE THE RIGHT TO KILL: HITLER, THE HOLOCAUST AND WAR by Richard A. KoenigsbergJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 4 2009MATTHEW EDDY No abstract is available for this article. [source] Disturbing Politics: Neo-Paulinism and the Scrambling of Religious and Secular IdentitiesDIALOG, Issue 1 2007Ward Blanton Abstract:, One of the most remarkable characteristics of recent cultural theory is its obsession with the early Christian apostle Paul. With this interest in Paul as contemporary cultural theory, a panoply of modern identities find themselves obsolesced, scrambled, or otherwise useless. This essay attempts to find new points of orientation within those scrambled identities that have appeared with this new Paul, and the essay does so by exploring the idea that we are now repeating a Pauline moment of kairos, that apocalyptic moment in which meaningful transformation of the world may occur. [source] The Transformation of a Religious Landscape.EARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 20081150 - By Valerie Ramseyer, Medieval Southern Italy No abstract is available for this article. [source] Spiritual But Not Religious?JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Evidence for Two Independent Dispositions ABSTRACT Some psychologists treat religious/spiritual beliefs as a unitary aspect of individual differences. But a distinction between mysticism and orthodox religion has been recognized by scholars as well as laypersons, and empirical studies of "ism" variables and of "spirituality" measures have yielded factors reflecting this distinction. Using a large sample of American adults, analyses demonstrate that subjective spirituality and tradition-oriented religiousness are empirically highly independent and have distinctly different correlates in the personality domain, suggesting that individuals with different dispositions tend toward different styles of religious/spiritual beliefs. These dimensions have low correlations with the lexical Big Five but high correlations with scales (e.g., Absorption, Traditionalism) on some omnibus personality inventories, indicating their relevance for studies of personality. [source] Multiple Social Identities and Adjustment in Young Adults From Ethnically Diverse BackgroundsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 4 2008Lisa Kiang A person-centered approach was used to determine how identification across multiple social domains (ethnic, American, family, religious) was associated with distinct identity clusters. Utilizing data from 222 young adults from European, Filipino, Latin, and Asian American backgrounds, four clusters were found (Many Social Identities, Blended/Low Religious, Blended/Low Ethnic and American, Few Social Identities). Clusters were differentially associated with adjustment, both directly and via moderation of perceived ethnic discrimination. Those with low levels of identity across all four domains reported lower positive affect, higher negative affect, lower self-esteem, and perceived fewer American opportunities compared with individuals in other clusters. However, the Blended/Low Ethnic and American cluster exhibited more liabilities associated with discrimination. Discussion emphasizes the importance of multiple identities in development. [source] Turkey's New Kurdish Opening: Religious Versus Secular ValuesMIDDLE EAST POLICY, Issue 2 2010Murat Somer First page of article [source] Oliver Cromwell, the First Protectorate Parliament and Religious Reform,PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY, Issue 1 2000DAVID L. SMITH First page of article [source] Colonialism, Modernity, and Religious Identities: Religious Reform Movements in South Asia , Edited by Gwilym BeckerleggeRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2010Brian K. Pennington No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Globalization of Ethics: Religious and Secular Perspectives , Edited by William M. Sullivan and Will KymlikcaRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 4 2008Bruce Grelle No abstract is available for this article. [source] Religious and Non-Religious Pathways to Stress-Related Growth in Cancer SurvivorsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 3 2009Crystal L. Park While religiousness and spirituality are important to many cancer survivors, relations of religiousness and spirituality with the stress-related growth commonly reported by survivors have not been well documented. In the present study, we examined the linkages between personal religiousness, religious control appraisals for the cancer, and religious coping with subsequent stress-related growth, and compared them with a parallel secular pathway, hope, self-control appraisals, and active coping. In all, 172 young to middle-aged adult survivors (113 women, 59 men, mean age = 45 years) of a variety of types of cancer who had been diagnosed approximately 2.5 years prior were assessed twice across a 1-year period. A structural equation model indicated that while both pathways predicted stress-related growth, the religious pathway was a much stronger predictor of subsequent stress-related growth than was the secular pathway. We suggest that more attention should be given to the influence of multiple dimensions of religiousness and spirituality on growth to better understand the transformative processes reported by many survivors. [source] Anti-Colonialist Antinomies in a Biology Lesson: A Sonata-Form Case Study of Cultural Conflict in a Science ClassroomCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 3 2003Paokong John Chang This case study illustrates and analyzes the tension an ESL science teacher encountered when his science curriculum came into conflict with the religious and cosmological beliefs of one of his Hmong immigrant students. A Hmong immigrant himself, the teacher believes the science he is teaching is important for all his students to learn. He also understands how his science curriculum can be one part of an array of cultural forces that are adversely affecting the Hmong community. The case study examines this tension, but does not resolve it. Instead, the study explores the knowledge the teacher draws upon to respond to the tension in a caring and constructive manner. This knowledge includes the teacher's understanding of science and pedagogy. It also includes his understanding of Hmong history, which enables him to hear what his science curriculum means to one of his students. The case study concludes that teachers need some knowledge of the history of students' specific cultural groups in order to teach science well to all students. This case study was one of seven produced by the Fresno Science Education Equity Teacher Research Project. It uses a special format, a "sonata-form case study," to highlight tensions between specific curricular imperatives and meeting broader student needs. The study is based on real experiences, and employs composite characters and fictionalized dialogue to make its conceptual point. A theoretical preface explaining the methods of research and the modes of representation used in the Fresno Project is included. [source] Longitudinal assessment of symptom and subtype categories in obsessive,compulsive disorderDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 7 2007Lutfullah Besiroglu M.D. Abstract Although it has been postulated that symptom subtypes are potential predictors of treatment response, few data exist on the longitudinal course of symptom and subtype categories in obsessive,compulsive disorder (OCD). Putative subtypes of OCD have gradually gained more recognition, but as yet there is no generally accepted subtype discrimination. Subtypes, it has been suggested, could perhaps be discriminated based on autogenous versus reactive obsessions stemming from different cognitive processes. In this study, our aim was to assess whether symptom and subtype categories change over time. Using the Yale,Brown Obsessive Compulsive Symptom Checklist (Y-BOCS-SC), we assessed 109 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for OCD to establish baseline values, then reassessed 91 (83%) of the initial group after 36±8.2 months. Upon reassessment, we found significant changes from baseline within aggressive, contamination, religious, symmetry and miscellaneous obsessions and within checking, washing, repeating, counting and ordering compulsion categories. Sexual, hoarding, and somatic obsessions, and hoarding and miscellaneous compulsions, did not change significantly. In accordance with the relevant literature, we also assigned patients to one of three subtypes,autogenous, reactive, or mixed groups. Though some changes in subtype categories were found, no subtype shifts (e.g., autogenous to reactive or reactive to autogenous) were observed during the course of the study. Significantly more patients in the autogenous group did not meet OCD criteria at follow-up than did patients in the other groups. Our results suggest that the discrimination between these two types of obsession might be highly valid, because autogenous and reactive obsessions are quite different, both in the development and maintenance of their cognitive mechanisms, and in their outcome. Depression and Anxiety 24:461,466, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A Review of Udo Schnelle and Francis Watson on PaulDIALOG, Issue 1 2007David L. Balch Abstract:, Since E. P. Sanders introduced the "new perspective" on Paul, Lutherans have had to ask again: did Luther understand Paul on the Mosaic law? The two books reviewed here carry forward the discussion Sanders began. Udo Schnelle's Apostle Paul makes two methodological choices with dramatic consequences for understanding Paul's theology and letters: 1) Paul was in direct dialogue with the Greco-Roman culture of the cities where he preached the gospel and founded churches, and 2) Paul's Christology, ethics, and eschatology developed and changed in relation to the religious and political crises through which he struggled. Francis Watson's Paul and the Hermeneutics of Faith makes an obvious but novel decision to focus on the five books of Moses as read by Paul in dialogue with other contemporary Jewish interpreters, arguing that Paul's view of the "law" is his counter-reading of the five books of Torah. Paul's hermeneutic exploits tensions and anomalies in the text of Torah itself, enabling him to emphasize God's promise, not the human deeds of scriptural heroes. [source] Social integration in young adulthood and the subsequent onset of substance use and disorders among a community population of urban African AmericansADDICTION, Issue 3 2010Kerry M. Green ABSTRACT Aims This paper examines the association between social integration in young adulthood and the later onset of substance use and disorders through mid-adulthood. Design Data come from a community cohort of African Americans followed longitudinally from age 6,42 years with four assessment periods. Setting The cohort all lived in the Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago in 1966, an urban disadvantaged setting. Participants All Woodlawn first graders in 1966 were asked to participate; 13 families declined (n = 1242). Measurement Substance use was measured via interview at age 42 and includes the onset of alcohol and drug use disorders and the onset of cocaine/heroin use between ages 32 and 42 years. Social integration measures were assessed via interview at age 32 and include social roles (employee, spouse, parent), participation in religious and social organizations and a measure of overall social integration. Control variables were measured in childhood and later in the life course. Findings Multivariate regression analyses suggest that unemployment, being unmarried, infrequent religious service attendance and lower overall social integration in young adulthood predict later adult-onset drug use disorders, but not alcohol use disorders once confounders are taken into consideration. Unemployment and lower overall social integration predict onset of cocaine/heroin use later in adulthood. Conclusions Results show meaningful onset of drug use and substance use disorders during mid-adulthood and that social integration in young adulthood seems to play a role in later onset of drug use and drug disorders, but not alcohol disorders. [source] Lady Russell, Elizabeth I, and Female Political Alliances through PerformanceENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 2 2009Elizabeth Zeman Kolkovich The entertainment at Bisham Abbey in 1592 offers a rare example of female authorship and performance in a sixteenth-century dramatic text. Lady Elizabeth (Cooke Hoby) Russell wrote and staged this entertainment for Elizabeth I during a royal progress, and her two teenaged daughters performed speaking roles. The Bisham performance challenges assumptions about women's limitations, endorses a militant Protestant foreign policy, and revises conventions of Elizabethan progress entertainments to claim the genre as an appropriate arena for aristocratic women's political negotiations. In successful auditions to be maids of honor, the young Russell women urge the Queen to surround herself with capable female servants who can better assist her in religious and gender battles than her flawed male advisors. As they propose themselves as loyal alternatives to self-serving male courtiers, these young performers adopt elements of the Queen's image, revealing that they claim authority to engage in court performance and promote political agendas from her example. (E.Z.K.) [source] RECENT STUDIES ON THE HPV VACCINE GARDASIL: ADDENDUM TO OCTOBER 2008 NOTEFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Giuseppe Aguanno This Note advocates that states require all females entering the sixth grade to be vaccinated with the HPV vaccine Gardasil, as a means of preventing cervical cancer deaths in the United States. States that do pass such a mandate would receive federal funding to help disperse the cost of the expensive three-dose vaccine, especially to those females most in need. Subject to each individual state's mandate, parents would be allowed to opt their children out of such a mandate for either, religious, medical, and/or philosophical reasons. [source] Financial Management Strategy in a Community Welfare Organisation: A Boardroom PerspectiveFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2003Lee D. Parker This paper presents the results of a four year participant observation study of boardroom deliberations and resulting financial management strategies in a large not,for,profit religious based community welfare organisation. Employing a complete membership research approach and informed by grounded theory analysis, the study develops a micro,theoretical framework portraying boardroom financial management and accountability strategising. The study finds that the strategic focus on mission financing was conditioned by the contested formulation of strategic objectives, core organisational service philosophies, and executive,board member interaction. A significant observed outcome of the strategic mission financing focus was the management of accountability and disclosure, to which two key strategies were contributory. These were the exercising of financial control and the exercising of relationships management. The findings offer hitherto unavailable insights into strategic financial management and accountability processes and their context at the boardroom level in the religious not,for,profit community welfare sector. [source] Preaching Religion, Family and Memory in Nineteenth-Century EnglandGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 1 2010Eve Colpus This article explores the religious selfhood of an exemplary Bible Christian woman, Mary Thorne (1807,1883). Founded in 1815 as a splinter group of Wesleyan Methodism, the Bible Christian denomination invoked an epistemology which stressed the correlation between religious and familial obligations. A close study of Mary Thorne's private writings suggests the tensions which existed within this ideal at the level of everyday life. Her writings open a window on a religious woman's negotiation of her public identity alongside her experiences of marriage, sexuality and motherhood. They show the impact of age, life cycle and memory in the process of self-imagining and commemoration. Critically, they also show how dependent Thorne's self-realisation and presentation were on material signs of her identity. In understanding the varying constructions of Mary Thorne's religious selfhood, I argue we might more fully understand the material cultures that underpinned evangelical religion and domesticity in nineteenth-century Britain. [source] Territorial Behaviour and Communication in a Ritual LandscapeGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2001Leif Sahlqvist Landscape research in the last decade, in human geography as well as in anthropology and archaeology, has often been polarized, either according to traditional geographical methods or following the principles of a new, symbolically orientated discipline. This cross,disciplinary study in prehistoric Östergötland, Sweden, demonstrates the importance of using methods and approaches from both orientations in order to gain reasonable comprehension of landscape history and territorial structure. Funeral monuments as cognitive nodes in a prehistoric cultural landscape are demonstrated as to contain significant elements of astronomy, not unlike what has been discussed for native and prehistoric American cultures, e.g. Ancestral Pueblo. A locational analysis with measurements of distances and directions was essential in approaching this structure. A nearest neighbour method was used as a starting,point for a territorial discussion, indicating that the North European hundreds division could have its roots in Bronze Age (1700,500 BC) tribal territories, linked to barrows geographically interrelated in cardinal alignments. In the European Bronze Age faith and science, the religious and the profane, were integrated within the framework of a solar cult, probably closely connected with astronomy in a ritual landscape, organized according to cosmological ideas, associated with power and territoriality. Cosmographic expression of a similar kind was apparently used even earlier, as gallery,graves (stone cists) from the Late Neolithic (2300,1700 BC) in Östergötland are also geographically interrelated in cardinal alignments. [source] BRAZILIAN IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES AND THE GEOGRAPHICAL IMAGINATION,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 4 2009ALAN P. MARCUS ABSTRACT. In the late 1980s more than 1 million Brazilians left Brazil without returning. Today an estimated 2 million Brazilians live abroad, 1.2 million of them in the United States. In this article I show that Brazilians migrate for a variety of reasons, including the geographical imagination. Why are so many Brazilians leaving for the United States? What are their geographical imaginations, and how are they described in their migration process? Using primary and secondary data and multiple methods, I address these questions by providing insights into Brazilian migrants' place perceptions, experiences, and reasons for migrating, focusing on the geographical imagination. Those migrants who end up returning to Brazil are more likely to cite financial and curiosity reasons for having migrated. A web of transnational religious and social networks sustains those immigrants who remain in the United States. Reasons for migrating are not economic alone; rather, they are based on interrelated and complex factors that range from adventure to curiosity, the cultural influence of the United States, family members, education, and escape. [source] THE UNIQUENESS OF THE AMERICAN RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPEGEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2001WILBUR ZELINSKY ABSTRACT. The assemblage of objects that constitute the publicly visible religious landscape of the United States,houses of worship and a variety of church-related enterprises,deviates so markedly from its counterparts in other lands that we can regard its uniqueness as a significant argument for American exceptionalism. The diagnostic features in question include the extraordinary number and variety of churches and denominations, their special physical attributes, the near-random microgeography of churches in urban areas, and, most especially, their nomenclature and the widely distributed signage promoting godliness and religiosity. Such landscape phenomena suggest connections with much-deeper issues concerning the origin and evolution of American society and culture. [source] Kafka, Critical Theory, Dialectical Theology: Adorno's Case against Hans-Joachim SchoepsGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 2 2010Margarete Kohlenbach ABSTRACT Theodor Adorno derived from his reading of Kafka some of the central assumptions that inform the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. He opposed theological Kafka interpretations in general, and in particular rejected Hans-Joachim Schoeps's reading of Kafka in the context of Karl Barth's dialectical theology. Adorno and Schoeps thus came to exemplify the dichotomy with which we still characterise the early reception of Kafka's work as either secular (sociological or political) or theological and religious. The disintegration of religion as a comprehensive social system in twentieth-century Germany means that writers can agree with traditional theology and religion in some regards while opposing them in others. This article argues that any unqualified adoption of the dichotomy between the secular and the religious is detrimental to our understanding of both Kafka's work and its early reception. First, the article outlines some of the major discrepancies in Kafka's heterogeneous engagements with religion. Second, it places Adorno's rejection of Schoeps's interpretation in the political context of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Finally, it compares Adorno's notion of ,inverse theology' with Schoeps's inversion of salvation history. Throughout, the article aims to ascertain the differences as well as the underlying commonalities between Adorno's and Schoeps's Kafka reception. Wesentliche Richtlinien der Kritischen Theorie der Frankfurter Schule verdanken sich der Kafka-Rezeption Adornos, die theologische Deutungen Kafkas im allgemeinen abweist und insbesondere Hans-Joachim Schoeps' Verständnis von Kafkas Werk im Kontext der Dialektischen Theologie Karl Barths verwirft. Adorno und Schoeps repräsentieren die Pole einer Dichotomie, mit der noch heute die Beiträge der frühen Kafka-Rezeption entweder als soziologisch und politisch oder als theologisch und religiös klassifiziert werden. Die Desintegration religiösen Lebens in der deutschen Gesellschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts bringt es mit sich, dass Schriftsteller in jeweils bestimmten Hinsichten traditionelle Theologie und Religion verwerfen,und,übernehmen können. Der vorliegende Beitrag argumentiert, dass jede nicht-spezifizierte Vorstellung einer Dichotomie von religiösem und weltlichem Leben und Denken aufgegeben werden muss, wenn wir Kafkas Werk und seine frühe Rezeption verstehen wollen. Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst zentrale Diskrepanzen in Kafkas heterogenen Bezugnahmen auf Religiöses. Im Anschluss stellt er Adornos Schoeps-Kritik in den politischen Kontext von Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust. Wie der Beitrag als ganzer soll der abschließende Vergleich der Begiffe ,inverse Theologie' (Adorno) und ,Unheilsgeschichte' (Schoeps) ein angemessenes Verständnis der Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in der Kafka-Deutung der beiden Autoren ermöglichen. [source] A Critique of Schopenhauer's MetaphysicGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 3 2006G.A. Wells Schopenhauer's metaphysic is not more credible than the systems of his contemporaries Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, all of whom he criticised so severely. But as his writings, unlike theirs, are so lucid, they illustrate very clearly the metaphysician's endeavour to reach knowledge that is immediate and indubitable, not mediated by the sense organs and the brain, as is knowledge of the external world. He argues that ,das Einzige wirklich und unbedingt Gegebene ist das Selbstbewußtsein', which alone can yield ,die letzten und wichtigsten Aufschlüsse über das Wesen der Dinge'. He himself was not religious, but this doctrine has appealed to theologians seeking a basis for their belief that is independent of external (historical) testimony. In this connection, Albert Schweitzer expressly urged a return to the German metaphysical tradition, in particular to Schopenhauer's view of the will as the transcendent reality at the basis of self-consciousness. The present article argues, in the British empirical tradition, that there is really no reason to distinguish self-consciousness and experiences attributable to will from other kinds of experience. The practical distinction is that the idea of self depends largely not on the sensations provided by readily observable senses such as sight and hearing, but on muscular, articular and visceral receptors which constitute a less accessible internal sensorium. [source] Art As Religious Commitment: Kafka's Debt to Kierkegaardian Ideas and their Impact on his Late StoriesGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 4 2000Leena Eilttä Although Kafka's reception of Kierkegaardian ideas has received much critical attention the critics have so far paid little heed to similarities between Kierke-gaard's religious and Kafka's aesthetic views. My intention in the following is to show that in spite of Kafka's critical remarks on his philosophy, Kierkegaard's definition of a religious person influenced his description of the artist's existence in Erstes Leid (1922), Ein Hungerkünstler (1922) and Josefine, die Sängerin oder das Volk der Mäuse (1924). In these stories Kafka turns Kierkegaard's ideas about spiritual inwardness and passionate attitude towards religious life into artistic inwardness and passionate attitude towards art. He also describes how devotion that these artists feel towards their art leads to their solitude and how their lives reflect suffering, doubt and despair which is similar to Kierkegaard's description of religious suffering. Kafka's critical remarks on Kierkegaard's philosophy should therefore be understood as a clear rejection of Kierkegaard's Protestant theology, although these same ideas gave him inspiration to formulate his views on the artist's existence. [source] Between universalism and particularism: the historical bases of Muslim communal, national, and global identitiesGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 1 2001Ira M. Lapidus In recent decades there has been an extraordinary flourishing of transnational and global Islamic movements. Most of these are religious reform and missionary movements; some are political networks working to form Islamic states. Yet on closer examination we find that universalistic Islamic movements are almost always embedded in national state and parochial settings. Muslim, and national, ethnic, tribal and local identities blend together. This blending of universalistic and particularistic affiliations has deep-rooted precedents in Islamic history. The original Muslim community of Medina represented a monotheistic vision encadred in a community of clans. The universal empire of the Caliphate gave rise to schools, brotherhoods, and sectarian communities. Sufi reform teachings of the late seventeenth to the twentieth century defined Islamo-tribal movements. In the twentieth century universalistic Islamic reformism inspired nationalism and anti-colonialism. The paper concludes with some comments on the mechanisms by which historical and cultural precedents are carried into modern times. [source] Political Opposition in Civil Society: An Analysis of the Interactions of Secular and Religious Associations in Algeria and Jordan1GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2008Francesco Cavatorta The lack of effective political parties is one of the dominant characteristics of modern Arab polities. The role of opposition to the authoritarian regimes is therefore left to a number of civil society organizations. This study examines the interactions among such groups in the context of the traditional transition paradigm and it analyses specifically how religious and secular organizations operate and interact. The empirical evidence shows that such groups, far from attempting any serious coalition-building to make common demands for democracy on the regime, have a competitive relationship because of their ideological differences and conflicting policy preferences. This strengthens authoritarian rule even in the absence of popular legitimacy. The article focuses its attention on Algeria and Jordan. [source] New light on ,the commotion time' of 1549: the Oxfordshire rising*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 218 2009Katherine Halliday In July 1549 the Oxfordshire commons rose in large number, and without gentry support. Somewhere in the region of several hundred armed participants marched from the south-east to the north-west of the county, pillaging parks as they went, until eventually retreating into the town of Chipping Norton. The principal catalyst for the 1549 rising seems, given the rebels' targets and timing, to have been the common perception that the goods of the county's churches were about to be seized by the commissioners for church goods. Consequently, Oxfordshire's rebels did not head for London , they were not opposing religious reforms per se, but were contesting the Edwardian reforms as they had been imposed within their parishes. [source] Cardinal Pole's Special Agent: Michael Throckmorton, c.1503,1558HISTORY, Issue 315 2009ANNE OVERELL Michael Throckmorton is best known for his peripatetic career as Cardinal Pole's agent. This article underlines the anxieties and dangers of that role, undertaken amidst fears that English agents would assassinate the cardinal. It also investigates Throckmorton's private life as a student in Italy in the 1530s and as a family man, one of a large clan divided by religion. Using the new evidence of his book inventory, it suggests that Throckmorton was a humanist, in whose library editions of the classics were outnumbered by medical texts. His ownership of banned or suspect religious works is set in the context of his friendship with the spirituali in Pole's household at Viterbo, especially the reformer-poet Marcantonio Flaminio. In 1553 Throckmorton carried to Queen Mary the papal bull making Pole the legate responsible for England's reconciliation. After delicate negotiations in England, Throckmorton returned to Mantua and died there in 1558, partly protected from the religious and political turmoil which afflicted Pole's last years. The article concludes by relating Throckmorton's life to wider contemporary experience: European perceptions of English religious change, the ,medical renaissance', Marian persecution, and the complexities faced by erstwhile spirituali. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||