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Relative Content (relative + content)
Selected AbstractsHigh relative content of lysophospholipids of Helicobacter pylori mediates increased risk for ulcer diseaseFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Tone Tannaes Abstract Helicobacter pylori phospholipase A (OMPLA) degrades bacterial membrane phospholipids to lysophospholipids. High levels of lysophospholipids are associated with higher hemolytic activity, increased release of urease and vacA and better adherence to epithelial cells in vitro. The phospholipase A gene (pldA) displays phase variation due to a slippage in a homopolymeric tract. The aim of this study was to determine if the relative amount of lysophospholipids in the cell wall is associated with ulcer disease, and to further investigate the significance of pldA phase variation. H. pylori isolates of 40 patients were examined. The relative lysophospholipid content of each isolate was determined and the pldA gene was sequenced. The study indicated that H. pylori can regulate its OMPLA activity by phase variation in the pldA gene or by protein level regulation among phase variants in the pldA,ON' status. We found a significant difference between the relative amount of lysophospholipids of the ulcer group and the non-ulcer group (p= 0.022). When the lysophospholipid/phospholipid ratios were compared with outcome, the OR for ulcer disease was 9.0 (95% CI 1.6,49.4; p= 0.014). Isolates with a high OMPLA activity are significantly associated with patients with ulcer disease. [source] Essential fatty acids and phosphorus in seston from lakes with contrasting terrestrial dissolved organic carbon contentFRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2007KELLY GUTSEIT Summary 1. It is often assumed that lakes highly influenced by terrestrial organic matter (TOM) have low zooplankton food quality because of elemental and/or biochemical deficiencies of the major particulate organic carbon pools. We used the biochemical [polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) , 20:5,3] and elemental (C : P ratio) composition of particulate matter (PM) as qualitative measures of potential zooplankton food in two categories of lakes of similar primary productivity, but with contrasting TOM influence (clear water versus humic lakes). 2. C : P ratios (atomic ratio) in PM were similar between lake categories and were above 400. The concentration (,g L,1) and relative content (,g mg C,1) of EPA, as well as the particulate organic carbon concentration, were higher in the humic lakes than in the clear-water lakes. 3. Our results show high fatty acid quality of PM in the humic lakes. The differences in the biochemical quality of the potential zooplankton food between lake categories can be attributed to the differences in their phytoplankton communities. 4. High biochemical quality of the food can result in high efficiency of energy transfer in the food chain and stimulate production at higher trophic levels, assuming that zooplankton are able to ingest and digest the resource available. [source] Membrane-bound and cytosolic forms of heterotrimeric G proteins in young and adult rat myocardium: Influence of neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidismJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2001Jiri Novotny Abstract Membrane and cytosolic fractions prepared from ventricular myocardium of young (21-day-old) hypo- or hyperthyroid rats and adult (84-day-old) previously hypo- or hyperthyroid rats were analyzed by immunoblotting with specific anti-G-protein antibodies for the relative content of Gs,, Gi,/Go,, Gq,/G11,, and G,. All tested G protein subunits were present not only in myocardial membranes but were at least partially distributed in the cytosol, except for Go,2, and G11,. Cytosolic forms of the individual G proteins represented about 5,60% of total cellular amounts of these proteins. The long (Gs,-L) isoform of Gs, prevailed over the short (Gs,-S) isoform in both crude myocardial membranes and cytosol. The Gs,-L/Gs,-S ratio in membranes as well as in cytosol increased during maturation due to a substantial increase in Gs,-L. Interestingly, whereas the amount of membrane-bound Gi,/Go, and Gq,/G11, proteins tend to lower during postnatal development, cytosolic forms of these G proteins mostly rise. Neonatal hypothyroidism reduced the amount of myocardial Gs, and increased that of Gi,/Go, proteins. By contrast, neonatal hyperthyroidism increased expression of Gs, and decreased that of Gi, and G11, in young myocardium. Changes in G protein content induced by neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism in young rat myocardium were restored in adulthood. Alterations in the membrane-cytosol balance of G protein subunits associated with maturation or induced by altered thyroid status indicate physiological importance of cytosolic forms of these proteins in the rat myocardium. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 215,224, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Combination of GC-MS with local resolution for determining volatile components in si-wu decoctionJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 1-2 2003Fan Gong Abstract In this paper, the combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with chemometric local resolution techniques such as subwindow factor analysis (SFA) and orthogonal projection resolution (OPR) is investigated as a method of determining volatile components present in a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation known as si-wu decoction and its two individual herbs Rhizoma chuanxiong and Radix angelicae sinensis. In order to validate the reliability of the results obtained, the volatile components of interest were further separated on open glass columns and then analyzed in the same way as above. With the help of SFA and OPR approaches, the purity of chromatographic peaks can first be identified. Then, the pure chromatogram and mass spectrum of each component involved in a target peak cluster can be easily resolved and subsequently subjected to similarity searches in the NIST MS database to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the volatile components. Our results showed that about 127, 80, and 97 chemical components could be separated and 81, 49, and 55 of them identified, representing 83.95%, 91.86%, and 85.11% of the total relative content of volatile components from Rhizoma chuanxiong, Radix angelicae sinensis, and si-wu decoction, respectively. The results obtained in this work strongly indicate that the combination of GC-MS with chemometric local resolution methods could greatly improve the chromatographic separation ability by means of mathematical approaches. Moreover, they indicated the reliability and practicability of this combined technique. [source] Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba3(VO4)2,Mg2SiO4 Composite CeramicsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 2 2010Siqin Meng Novel Ba3(VO4)2,Mg2SiO4 microwave dielectric composite ceramics with compositions of (1,x)Ba3(VO4)2,xMg2SiO4 (x=0.50,0.65) have been prepared by firing mixtures of Ba3(VO4)2 and Mg2SiO4. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that they coexist without forming secondary phases. Because their resonant frequency temperature coefficients (,f) have opposite signs, the ,f of the composite ceramic can be adjusted passing through zero by changing the relative content of the two phases. Dielectric property measurements were performed using the resonator method at around 11 GHz. Ceramics with Mg2SiO4 55 wt% sintered at 1175°C exhibited microwave dielectric properties of dielectric constant ,r=9.03, Q×f=52 500 GHz, and ,f=0.6 ppm/°C at 11.3 GHz. In this composite ceramic, we observed that the formation of the MgSiO3 secondary phase was suppressed. [source] MYELINATION DEFICIT IN NERVE OF SUCKLING RATS DUE TO CYCLOLEUCINE -INDUCED DEFICIENCY OF METHYL DONORSJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 1 2000R. Bianchi We used cycloleucine (CL) , which prevents methionine conversion to S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) by inhibiting ATP-L-methionine-adenosyl-transferase (MAT) , to characterize the lipid and protein changes induced by methyl donors deficit in peripheral nerve and brain myelin in rats during development. We have previously shown that CL (400 mg/kg ip) given to suckling rats at days 7, 8, 12, and 13 after birth reduced brain and sciatic nerve weight gain, brain myelin content, protein, phospholipid (PL), and galactolipid concentration in comparison to control. Among PLs, only sphingomyelin (SPH) significantly increased by 35,50%. SAMe p-toluensulphonate (SAMe-SD4) (100 mg/kg, ip) given daily from day 7, as with exogenous SAMe, partially prevented some lipid alterations induced by CL, particularly galactolipid and SPH. To test the ability of CL to affect PL metabolism we have measured de novo PL biosynthesis, ex vivo in nerve homogenates (in comparison with brain homogenates) from control and CL-treated animals killed at day 18 after birth, starting from labelled substrates ([3H]-choline, specific activity 20 mCi/mmol) in a Tris/HCl buffer, containing 5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM ATP, and 0.5 mM of the labelled substrates. After 60 min incubation, lipids were extracted, PL separated by TLC, and corresponding silica gel fractions scraped and counted in a liquid scintillator. Phosphatidylcholine enrichment in labelled choline resulted in slight increases in brain and sciatic nerve of CL-treated rats, suggesting an increased synthesis rate via the Kennedy pathway, possibly due to the reduced availability of methyl donors. Interestingly, choline incorporation into SPH in brain and nerve myelin resulted in significant increases of 30,40%. In agreement with the observed decrease of galactolipid content and the relative increase in SPH, these data suggest an alteration in sphingolipid metabolism after CL. Among proteins, in sciatic nerves of CL-treated pups the relative content of a number of polypeptides, namely the 116, 90, 66, 58, and 56 kDa bands, decreased, whereas others increased; the most abundant PNS protein, protein zero, remained unchanged. The analyses of myelin basic protein isoforms revealed a dramatic increase in the 14.0 and 18.5 forms, indicating early active myelination. SAMe-SD4 treatment counteracted, and in some cases normalized, these changes. In summary, methyl donor deficiency induced by MAT inhibition produces myelin lipid and protein alterations, partly counteracted by SAMe-SD4 administration. The financial support of Telethon-Italy (grant No. D 51) is gratefully acknowledged. [source] Quantification of metabolites in breast cancer patients with different clinical prognosis using HR MAS MR spectroscopyNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 4 2010Beathe Sitter Abstract Absolute quantitative measures of breast cancer tissue metabolites can increase our understanding of biological processes. Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) was applied to high resolution magic angle spinning MR spectroscopy (HR MAS MRS) to quantify metabolites in intact breast cancer samples. The ERETIC signal was calibrated using solutions of creatine and TSP. The largest relative errors of the ERETIC method were 8.4%, compared to 4.4% for the HR MAS MRS method using TSP as a standard. The same MR experimental procedure was applied to intact tissue samples from breast cancer patients with clinically defined good (n,=,13) and poor (n,=,16) prognosis. All samples were examined by histopathology for relative content of different tissue types and proliferation index (MIB-1) after MR analysis. The resulting spectra were analyzed by quantification of tissue metabolites (,-glucose, lactate, glycine, myo-inositol, taurine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, choline and creatine), by peak area ratios and by principal component analysis. We found a trend toward lower concentrations of glycine in patients with good prognosis (1.1,µmol/g) compared to patients with poor prognosis (1.9,µmol/g, p,=,0.067). Tissue metabolite concentrations (except for ,-glucose) were also found to correlate to the fraction of tumor, connective, fat or glandular tissue by Pearson correlation analysis. Tissue concentrations of ,-glucose correlated to proliferation index (MIB-1) with a negative correlation factor (,0.45, p,=,0.015), consistent with increased energy demand in proliferating tumor cells. By analyzing several metabolites simultaneously, either in ratios or by metabolic profiles analyzed by PCA, we found that tissue metabolites correlate to patients' prognoses and health status five years after surgery. This study shows that the diagnostic and prognostic potential in MR metabolite analysis of breast cancer tissue is greater when combining multiple metabolites (MR Metabolomics). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Field emission from single-wall nanotubes obtained from carbon and boron nitride mixturesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 10 2008V. I. Kleshch Abstract Heterophase BN:C single-wall nanotubes are prospective as a material with a predicted possibility to vary the bandgap via changing a relative content of BN and C fractions in the nanotube walls. The challenge is both to find the ways of synthesis of such nanotubes and, in case of success, to confirm BN embedding. In this work field emission studies have been performed for revealing the difference between arc-produced pure carbon nanotubes and nanotubes grown from BN:C mixtures. The relative BN content in the mixtures was varied from 0% up to 50% (by mass). The materials have been characterized by a high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering and UV-VIS-NIR optical absorption techniques. The single-wall nanotubes have been revealed in all samples synthesized, but their composition remained questionable. The field emission properties of the samples have been examined in a vacuum diode configuration. It has been found that the threshold fields and slopes of the Fowler,Nordheim plot, evaluated from the measured current,voltage dependences, increased with an enrichment of the starting mixtures with h-BN. This increase could be attributed to the work function rise due to h-BN embedding into the carbon nanotube walls. This result opens a way to use the field-emission characterization for an indirect confirmation of the heterophase BN:C nanotube formation. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Effects of malonic acid treatment on crystal structure, melting behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of isotactic poly(propylene)/wollastonite compositesPOLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 6 2010Lin Li Wollastonite is treated with a new surface modifier (malonic acid). The influence of malonic acid treatment on the crystallization and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/wollastonite composites has been studied. The results of differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffractometry, and polarized light microscopy prove that malonic acid-treated wollastonite increases the relative content of ,-crystal form of PP. The scanning electron microscopy shows that malonic acid-treated wollastonite has better compatibility with PP matrix than the untreated wollastonite. Higher ,-phase contents, smaller spherulite sizes, and better compatibility with PP matrix of the composites containing malonic acid-treated wollastonite result in improved impact strength and tensile strength, but lower flexural modulus. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that malonic acid reacts with the Ca2+ of wollastonite to form the calcium malonate, which acts as an effective ,-nucleating agent. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] Anthocyanin fingerprint of clones of Tempranillo grapes and wines made with themAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009E. REVILLA Abstract Background and Aims:, Different clones with distinctive enological characteristics have been identified in many grape cultivars, but data on differences in anthocyanin composition of clones of the same cultivar are scarce. Thus, it has been considered of interest to check changes in the anthocyanin fingerprint of six different clones of Tempranillo grapes grown in the same vineyard, and of wines made with them, over three consecutive years. Methods and Results:, Data were submitted to different statistical procedures. Despite slight differences in the anthocyanin fingerprint of some clones (relative content of different anthocyanins analysed), variations from year to year were more important than differences in the anthocyanin profile of the clones considered. This fact was also observed when the content (mg/kg grapes) of those molecules was considered. Moreover, Tempranillo wines made with different clones could be classified by discriminant analysis, using the anthocyanin fingerprint or the levels (mg/L wine) of several anthocyanins as predictor variables, and the year grapes were collected as a classification factor. Conclusions:, The anthocyanin fingerprint of six clones of Tempranillo grapes grown in the same vineyard and that of wines made with them over three consecutive years was affected mostly by weather conditions, despite slight differences in the anthocyanin fingerprint of some clones. Significance of the Study:, This is the first report on the anthocyanin composition of different clones of Tempranillo grapes and of wines made with them, and indicates that anthocyanin fingerprint of Tempranillo wines depends mainly on agroclimatic factors, and not on genetic differences among clones. [source] Oligodendrogenesis: The role of ironBIOFACTORS, Issue 2 2010Maria Elvira Badaracco Abstract Iron seems to be an essential factor in myelination and oligodendrocyte (OLGc) biology. However, the specific role of iron in these processes remains to be elucidated. Iron deficiency (ID) imposed to developing rats has been a relevant model to understand the role of iron in oligodendrogenesis and myelination. During early development ID causes specific changes in myelin composition, including a lower relative content of cholesterol, proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin basic protein 21 (MBP21). These changes could be a consequence of the adverse effects of ID on OLGc development and function. We subsenquently studied the possible corrective effect of a single intracranial injection (ICI) of apotransferrin (aTf) on myelin formation in ID rats OLGc migration and differentiation after an ICI of aTf was evaluated at 3 days of age. ID increased the number of proliferating and undifferentiated cells in the corpus callosum (CC), while a single aTf injection reverts these effects, increasing the number of mature cells and myelin formation. Overall, results of a series of studies supports the concept that iron may affect OLGc development at early stages of embryogenesis rather than during late development. Myelin composition is altered by a limited iron supply, changes that can be reverted by a single injection of aTf. [source] Vibrational infrared conformational studies of model peptides representing the semicrystalline domains of Bombyx mori silk fibroin,BIOPOLYMERS, Issue 5 2005Paola Taddei Abstract The structural organization of Bombyx mori silk fibroin was investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To this aim, (AG)15 and other model peptides of varying chain length, containing tyrosine (Y), valine (V), and serine (S) in the basic (AG)n sequence were synthesized by the solid phase method and their spectroscopic properties were determined. Both the position and the relative content of Y, V, and S residues in the (AG)n model system appeared critical in determining the preferred conformation, i.e., silk I, silk II, and unordered structures. Curve fitting analysis in the amide I range showed that the model peptides with prevailing silk II structure displayed different ,-sheet content, which was dependent on the degree of interruption of the (AG)n sequence. In this regard, the bands at about 1000 and 980 cm,1, specifically assigned to the AG sequence of the B. mori silk fibroin chain, were identified as marker of the degree of interruption of the (AG)n sequence. A stable silk I structure was observed only when the Y residue was located near the chain terminus, while a silk I , silk II conformational transition occurred when it was positioned in the central region of the peptide. Analysis of the second-derivative spectra in the amide I range allowed us to identify a band at 1639 cm,1 (4 , 1 hydrogen-bonded type II ,-turns), which is characteristic of the silk I conformation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 249,258, 2005 [source] Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbonaceous Frameworks from a Template of a Mixed Amphiphilic Triblock-Copolymer System of PEO,PPO,PEO and Reverse PPO,PEO,PPOCHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 10 2007Yan Huang Abstract A series of highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks with diverse symmetries have been successfully synthesized by using phenolic resols as a carbon precursor and mixed amphiphilic surfactants of poly(ethylene oxide)- b -poly(propylene oxide)- b -poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO,PPO,PEO) and reverse PPO,PEO,PPO as templates by the strategy of evaporation-induced organic,organic self-assembly (EISA). The transformation of the ordered mesostructures from face-centered (Fdm) to body-centered cubic (Imm), then 2D hexagonal (P6mm), and eventually to cubic bicontinuous (Iad) symmetry has been achieved by simply adjusting the ratio of triblock copolymers to resol precursor and the relative content of PEO,PPO,PEO copolymer F127, as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen-sorption measurements. The blends of block copolymers can interact with resol precursors and tend to self-assemble into cross-linking micellar structures during the solvent-evaporation process, which provides a suitable template for the construction of mesostructures. The assembly force comes from the hydrogen-bonding interactions between organic mixed micelles and the resol-precursor matrix. The BET surface area for the mesoporous carbonaceous samples calcined at 600,°C under nitrogen atmosphere is around 600,m2,g,1, and the pore size can be adjusted from 2.8 to 5.4,nm. An understanding of the organic,organic self-assembly behavior in the mixed amphiphilic surfactant system would pave the way for the synthesis of mesoporous materials with controllable structures. [source] The Effect of Surface Area and Crystal Structure on the Catalytic Efficiency of Iron(III) Oxide Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Peroxide DecompositionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 16 2010Cenek Gregor Abstract Iron(II) oxalate dihydrate has been used as a readily decomposable substance for the controlled synthesis of nanosized iron(III) oxides. The polymorphous composition, particle size and surface area of these iron oxide nanoparticles were controlled by varying the reaction temperature between 185 and 500 °C. As-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, low-temperature and in-field Mössbauer spectroscopy, BET surface area and the TEM technique. They were also tested as heterogeneous catalysts in hydrogen peroxide decomposition. At the selected temperatures, the formed nanomaterials did not contain any traces of amorphous phase, which is known to considerably reduce the catalytic efficiency of iron(III) oxide catalysts. As the thickness of the sample (, 2 mm) was above the critical value, a temporary temperature increase ("exo effect") was observed during all quasi-isothermal decompositions studied, irrespective of the reaction temperature. Increasing the reaction temperature resulted in a shift of the exo effect towards shorter times and an increased content of maghemite phase. The maghemite content decreases above 350 °C as a result of a thermally induced polymorphous transition into hematite. The catalytic data demonstrate that the crystal structure of iron(III) oxide (i.e. the relative contents of maghemite and hematite) does not influence the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. However, the rate constant increases monotonously with increasing sample surface area (and decreasing thermolysis temperature), reaching a maximum of 27,×,10,3 min,1(g/L),1 for the sample with a surface area of 285 m2,g,1. This rate constant is currently the highest reported value of all known iron oxide catalytic systems and is even slightly higher than that observed for the most efficient catalyst reported to date, which has a significantly larger surface area of 337 m2,g,1. This surprisingly high catalytic activity at relatively low surface area can be ascribed to the absence of a amorphous phase in the samples prepared in this study. Taking into account these new findings, the contributions of the key factors highlighted above (surface area, particle size, crystal structure, crystallinity) to the overall activity of iron oxides forhydrogen peroxide decomposition are discussed. [source] Kinetics of tryptophan oxidation in plasma lipoproteins by myeloperoxidase-generated HOClFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 13 2000Andreas Jerlich The relative susceptibility of the apoprotein components of human lipoproteins [high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] and their subclasses to oxidation by the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl, system in vitro was studied by measuring the decrease in rate of tryptophan fluorescence. Whereas the lipoprotein-modification rate showed a saturation type of dependence on the concentration of myeloperoxidase, a biphasic dependence on the concentration of the lipoproteins was found. High concentrations of H2O2 were also found to inhibit tryptophan oxidation in LDL but to a lesser extent in HDL. The optimal rate of LDL and HDL modification was observed at pH 6.0. HDL was modified much more rapidly than LDL, which may be due to differences in size and different relative contents of protein and lipids per particle. No differences in rates of modification of LDL subclasses were observed, when the assays were standardized to equal LDL protein concentrations, but, when standardized to equal particle mass, an optimum at subclass 8 was found, which is probably due to differences in apolipoprotein B-100 conformation. It was concluded that HDL may have a beneficial effect in retarding LDL modification in inflammatory processes. [source] Onion aphid (Neotoxoptera formosana) attractants, in the headspace of Allium fistulosum and A. tuberosum leavesJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2007M. Hori Abstract:, Attractancy of Allium fistulosum L. and Allium tuberosum Rottl. to adult apterae of the onion aphid, Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi), an oligophagous aphid pest of Allium crops, was investigated with a Y-tube olfactometer. The aphids were significantly attracted to both A. fistulosum and A. tuberosum. The headspace components of both plants were extracted with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main volatile components of A. fistulosum were dipropyl disulphide (relative contents: 67%), 1-propenyl propyl disulphide (23%) and dipropyl trisulphide (6%). In the headspace of A. tuberosum, diallyl disulphide was detected as the main component (58%). Attractancy of dipropyl disulphide, dipropyl trisulphide and diallyl disulphide to the aphids was examined with the Y-tube olfactometer. The aphids were significantly attracted to dipropyl trisulphide and diallyl disulphide at a concentration of 0.01%. Dipropyl disulphide did not significantly attract the aphids at any concentrations tested. It was revealed that attractancy of A. fistulosum and A. tuberosum was caused by dipropyl trisulphide and diallyl disulphide, respectively. The findings suggest that N. formosana uses these sulphur compounds, characteristic components of Allium plants, as olfactory cues to find the host plants. [source] Antifungal property of the essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf against tree pathogenic fungiJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2005Han-Chung Lee Abstract This study compares the chemical constituents of leaf essential oils from various geographical provenances of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and investigates their antifungal activities against six tree pathogenic fungi. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils obtained from different geographical provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes: cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type. Results from the antifungal tests show that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type have excellent inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Ganoderma australe and Fusarium solani. Furthermore, among the fourteen constituents of C osmophloeum leaf essential oils, Z -cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol and citral display the best antifungal properties. Comparisons of the antifungal properties of Z -cinnamaldehyde congeners reveal that Z -cinnamaldehyde exhibits the best antifungal property of this group. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Temperature dependence of magnetic microstructure in Fe76Mo8Cu1B15 nanocrystalline alloyPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 15 2004M. Miglierini Abstract Fe76Mo8Cu1B15 nanocrystalline alloy featuring close-to-room Curie temperature of 310 K proves to be suitable for model case studies of complexity of magnetic interactions. Annealed samples with different contents of nanocrystallites are characterized by 57Fe transmission Mössbauer spectrometry performed in a wide temperature range (77,673 K). The validity of the temperature dependences of hyperfine parameters is discussed for all structural components including amorphous residual phase, bcc Fe nanocrystals and interface regions located in between the former two. Cautions which must be considered in deriving information about their relative contents are pointed out, because of the presence of static and dynamic effects at high temperatures due to non-interacting and weakly interacting single domain ferromagnetic grains dispersed into a paramagnetic amorphous matrix. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||