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Related Constructs (relate + construct)
Selected AbstractsPsychometric properties of the Trauma Assessment for AdultsDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 2 2009Matt J. Gray Ph.D. Abstract Background: The Trauma Assessment for Adults (TAA) was developed to facilitate the assessment of exposure to traumatic events that could result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The TAA inquires about numerous potentially traumatic events that an individual may have experienced. Although the TAA has been used extensively for clinical and research purposes, its psychometric properties have never been formally evaluated. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the psychometric properties of this frequently used measure. Methods: The studies reported here describe the performance of the TAA in two samples,college undergraduates (N=142) and community mental health center clients (N=67). Among undergraduates, 1-week temporal stability was evaluated and, in both samples, item- and scale-level convergence of the TAA with an established trauma exposure measure was assessed. Convergence of the TAA with clinically related constructs was also evaluated. Results: The TAA exhibited adequate temporal stability (r=.80) and satisfactory item-level convergence with existing measures of trauma history among college students. In the clinical sample, the TAA again converged well with an established measure of trauma exposure (r=.65). It was not as strongly predictive, in either sample, of trauma-related distress relative to an alternate trauma exposure measure. Conclusion: Although it performs satisfactorily, the TAA does not appear to be superior to other existing measures of trauma exposure. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Patient-assessed health outcome measures for diabetes: a structured reviewDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 1 2002A. M. Garratt Abstract Aims To identify available disease-specific measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) for diabetes and to review evidence for the reliability, validity and responsiveness of instruments. Methods Systematic searches were used to identify instruments. Instruments were assessed against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Letters were sent to authors requesting details of further instrument evaluation. Information relating to instrument content, patients, reliability, validity and responsiveness to change was extracted from published papers. Results The search produced 252 references. Nine instruments met the inclusion criteria: Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS), Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL), Diabetes Health Profile (DHP-1, DHP-18), Diabetes Impact Measurement Scales (DIMS), Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL), Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale (DSQOLS), Questionnaire on Stress in Diabetic Patients-Revised (QSD-R), Diabetes-39 (D-39) and Well-being Enquiry for Diabetics (WED). The shortest instrument (ADS) has seven items and the longest (WED) has 50 items. The ADS and ADDQoL are single-index measures. The seven multidimensional instruments have dimensions covering psychological well-being and social functioning but vary in the remainder of their content. The DHP-1 and DSQOLS are specific to Type 1 diabetes patients. The DHP-18 is specific to Type 2 diabetes patients. The DIMS and DQOL have weaker evidence for reliability and internal construct validity. Patients contributed to the content of the ADDQoL, DHP-1/18, DQOL, DSQOLS, D-39, QSD-R and WED. The authors of the ADDQoL, DHP-1/18, DQOL, DSQOLS gave explicit consideration to content validity. The construct validity of instruments was assessed through comparisons with instruments measuring related constructs and clinical and sociodemographic variables. None of the instruments has been formally assessed for responsiveness to changes in health. Conclusions Five of the diabetes-specific instruments have good evidence for reliability and internal and external construct validity: the ADDQoL, DHP-1/18, DSQOLS, D-39 and QSD-R. Instrument content should be assessed for relevance before application. The instruments should be evaluated concurrently for validity and responsiveness to important changes in health. [source] Assessing program fidelity in substance abuse health services researchADDICTION, Issue 11s3 2000Robert G. Orwin This paper addresses how treatment fidelity and related constructs (e.g. program implementation) can be assessed in alcohol, drug abuse and mental health services research. First, it introduces definitions of fidelity and related concepts, and then describes various concepts and tools from program evaluation that have proven useful for assessing fidelity. Next, several of these are illustrated in detail through a case study of a multisite fidelity assessment in substance abuse services research: the process evaluation of the NIAAA Homeless Cooperative Agreement Program. This evaluation included analysis of implementation at the program- and participant-level, the development of scales from the individual services data to estimate intervention strength, fidelity, and "leakage" (i.e. the degree to which services intended exclusively for intervention groups were inadvertently delivered to comparison groups) and the methods with which these data were used to assess whether programs were implemented as planned. [source] Predicting psychological health: assessing the incremental validity of emotional intelligence beyond personality, Type A behaviour, and daily hasslesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2005Arla L. Day Although some research has linked emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological health, little research has examined EI's ability to predict health outcomes after controlling for related constructs, or EI's ability to moderate the stressor,strain relationship. The present study explored the relationships among EI (as assessed by a trait-based measure, the EQ-i), Big Five personality factors, Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP), daily hassles, and psychological health/strain factors (in terms of perceived well-being, strain, and three components of burnout). The EQ-i was highly correlated with most aspects of personality and TABP. After controlling for the impact of hassles, personality, and TABP, the five EQ-i subscales accounted for incremental variance in two of the five psychological health outcomes. However, the EQ-i scales failed to moderate the hassles,strain relationship. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character InventoryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2001Klaus Schmeck Abstract The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) was developed to assess the temperament (,novelty seeking', ,harm avoidance', ,reward dependence', ,persistence') and character (,self-directedness', ,cooperativeness', ,self-transcendence') dimensions of Cloninger's biosocial model of personality in children and adolescents. The psychometric properties of the JTCI are presented. We used the German version of JTCI in a clinical sample of 188 adolescent psychiatric patients (aged 12 to 18 years) and in a non-referred sample of 706 German adolescents of the same age range. Aspects of reliability and validity are discussed. We subjected the JTCI to confirmatory factor analysis and were able to replicate the temperament and character scales of the original TCI. The internal consistency of the scales was satisfactory with the exception of ,reward dependence' and ,persistence'. Construct validity was supported by good correspondence of JTCI dimensions with related constructs. Psychometric properties of the German version of JTCI are very promising. Results yield strong support for Cloninger's psychobiological theory. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Validation of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home InstrumentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 12 2006Linda YK Lee MNurs Aim., To assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument. Background., Resident's satisfaction has been regarded by the literature as a gold standard for quality of nursing home care. Accurate assessment of resident's satisfaction can provide valuable information for implementation of quality nursing home care. However, there is not a validated Chinese tool to serve the purpose. Design., A cross-sectional descriptive survey design. Methods., Content validity of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument was assessed by the use of expert panel. Construct validity of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument was determined by assessing the correlation between satisfaction with other theoretically related constructs. Internal consistency and stability of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument were determined by Cronbach's method and two-week test,retest reliability. The six-factor structure of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Testing was performed on a cluster sample of 330 residents from 16 nursing homes in Hong Kong. Results., The Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument demonstrated good content validity by having content validity index of 0·93. High construct validity of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument was supported by its significant correlation with depression (r = ,0·42, P = 0·000), health-related quality of life (physical component) (r = 0·16, P = 0·042), health-related quality of life (mental component) (r = 0·41, P = 0·000) and global quality of care (r = 0·49, P = 0·000). The Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and good stability by having Cronbach's alpha of 0·79 and intra-class correlation coefficient of 0·94, respectively. The six-factor structure of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument was not fully supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusions., The Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument is a useful instrument for assessing satisfaction of cognitively intact Chinese nursing home residents. Findings provided initial evidence on its validity and reliability. Further empirical testing is recommended to explore its factor structure. Relevance to clinical practice., The Chinese version of the Satisfaction with the Nursing Home Instrument can provide guidance to enhance delivery of high-quality nursing home care for the Chinese population. [source] Expert commentary on work,life balance and crossover of emotions and experiences: Theoretical and practice advancements,JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2009Mina Westman Professor Mina Westman, the head of Organisational Behaviour Program at the Tel Aviv is a leading international expert on the crossover of emotions and experiences in the family and the workplace. In this interview with Paula Brough and Thomas Kalliath (guest editors), Professor Westman clarifies the nature of two related constructs: Work,life balance and crossover. Work,life balance is the perception that work and non-work activities are compatible and promote growth in accordance with an individual's current life priorities. Crossover focuses on how stress experienced by the individual influences strain experienced by the individual's spouse or team member. In this expert commentary, Professor Westman discusses the philosophical underpinnings of work,life balance, the significance of crossover of emotions and experiences for organizations and individuals, current advances in the field and sets out the new directions for this research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Suppression, Repressive-Defensiveness, Restraint, and Distress in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Separable or Inseparable Constructs?JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2001Janine Giese-Davis A longstanding hypothesis links affective and behavioral inhibition with cancer incidence and progression though it does not clarify psychometric distinctions among related constructs. We hypothesized that repressive defensiveness, suppression, restraint, and distress would be separable factors in our sample of metastatic breast cancer patients. Our results support the discriminant validity of these constructs in our total sample, and the stability over 1 year in our control group. Using factor analysis, we found 4 separate factors at our prerandomization baseline corresponding closely to hypothesized constructs. Additionally, associations in a multi-trait, multi-occasion (baseline and 1 year) matrix met each of the 3 Campbell and Fiske (1959) criteria of convergent and discriminant validity. Future research testing the links between psychological, physiological, and survival outcomes with affective inhibition in cancer patients will be clearer when informed by these distinctions. [source] Subjective Overachievement: Individual Differences in Self-Doubt and Concern With PerformanceJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2000Kathryn C. Oleson We discuss the construct of doubt about one's competence and suggest that doubt can have myriad consequences (e.g., self-handicapping, defensive pessimism). We focus on the effect of self-doubt when it is combined with a concern with performance and assert that this combination leads to the phenomenon of subjective overachievement. In two studies, we present a new 17-item Subjective Overachievement Scale (SOS), which includes two independent subscales measuring individual differences in self-doubt and concern with performance. The first study, consisting of two large samples (Ns = 2,311 and 1,703), provides evidence that the scale has high internal consistency and a clear two-factor structure. Additionally, the subscales have adequate test-retest reliability (Ns = 67 and 115). A second study reveals that the SOS has good convergent and discriminant validity. Both subscales are unrelated to social desirability but exhibit the predicted patterns of associations with other related constructs. The Concern with Performance Subscale is correlated with achievement motivation, whereas the Self-Doubt Subscale is correlated with scales assessing negative affectivity (e.g., self-esteem, social anxiety) and other self-related strategies associated with concerns about one's competence (e.g., self-handicapping, defensive pessimism, impostor phenomenon). The SOS, which combines the two subscales, appears to tap a unique strategy that individuals may use to deal with doubts about their own competence. [source] Transformations and Critical Moments in NegotiationsNEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Linda L. Putnam Transformation is not a new concept in the conflict literature. It forms the foundation for a particular school of thought in mediation and plays a major role in the analysis of international conflicts. More-over, it shapes the goals and processes for managing public conflicts through dialogue and democracy. Although transformation surfaces in a variety of conflict management arenas, this concept has received only a modicum of attention in the negotiation literature. This article centers on the definition and features of critical moments in negotiation that might foster conflict transformation. It draws from the literature on conflict transformation and applies this work to negotiations. First, the author explores the definitions, characteristics, and types of shifts that set up transformations. Then she examines internal and external factors that contribute to transformative moments. Finally, the essay concludes with a discussion of distinctions between transformation and related constructs, suggestions for conducting research, and implications of this work for negotiation research. [source] Assessing spiritual growth and spiritual decline following a diagnosis of cancer: reliability and validity of the spiritual transformation scalePSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Brenda S. Cole Abstract This study assessed the factor structure, reliability, and validity of an instrument designed to assess spiritual transformations following a diagnosis of cancer,the Spiritual Transformation Scale (STS). The instrument was administering to 253 people diagnosed with cancer within the previous 2 years. Two underlying factors emerged (spiritual growth (SG) and spiritual decline (SD)) with adequate internal reliability (alpha=0.98 and 0.86, respectively) and test,retest reliability (r=0.85 and 0.73, respectively). Validity was supported by correlations between SG and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) Positive Affect Subscale (r=0.23, p<0.001), the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (r=0.57, p<0.001), and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (r=0.68, p<0.001). SD was associated with higher scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (r=0.38, p<0.001) and PANAS-Negative Affect Subscale (r=0.40, p<0.001), and lower scores on the PANAS-Positive Affect Subscale (r=,0.23, p<0.001), and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (r=,0.30, p<0.001). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the subscales uniquely predicted adjustment beyond related constructs (intrinsic religiousness, spiritual coping, and general post-traumatic growth). The results indicate that the STS is psychometrically sound, with SG predicting better, and SD predicting poorer, mental and spiritual well-being following a diagnosis of cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Toward a psychopathology of self-control theory: the importance of narcissistic traitsBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 6 2007Michael G. Vaughn Ph.D. Research on self-control and related constructs is central to individual-level explanations of antisocial behavior. However, less research attention has been paid to the psychopathological underpinnings of self-control. The current study explores relationships between self-control and psychiatric symptoms, head injury, trauma history, substance use, guiltlessness and narcissistic traits in a statewide population of juvenile offenders. Results support the importance of these variables, in particular narcissistic traits, in better explicating theories of self-control. Implications for research on the psychopathological underpinnings of self-control are highlighted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Co,Rumination in the Friendships of Girls and BoysCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2002Amanda J. Rose This research addresses a new construct, co,rumination. Co,rumination refers to extensively discussing and revisiting problems, speculating about problems, and focusing on negative feelings. Friendship research indicates that self,disclosure leads to close relationships; however, coping research indicates that dwelling on negative topics leads to emotional difficulties. Co,rumination is a single construct that integrates both perspectives and is proposed to be related both to positive friendship adjustment and problematic emotional adjustment. Third,, fifth,, seventh,, and ninth,grade participants (N= 608) responded to questionnaires, including a new measure of co,rumination. Co,rumination was related to high,quality, close friendships and aspects of depression and anxiety. Girls reported co,ruminating more than did boys, which helped to account for girls' more positive friendship adjustment and greater internalizing symptoms. Other analyses addressed whether co,rumination and the related constructs of self,disclosure and rumination had different relations with friendship and emotional adjustment. [source] Toward a Theory of Entertainment Persuasion: Explaining the Persuasive Effects of Entertainment-Education MessagesCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 3 2008Emily Moyer-Gusé A growing body of research indicates that entertainment-education programming can be an effective way to deliver prosocial and health messages. Some have even speculated that entertainment-education may be more effective than overtly persuasive messages in certain circumstances. Despite empirical advances in this area, more work is needed to understand fully what makes entertainment-education unique from a message-processing standpoint. To this end, the present article has three objectives. First, the article examines the involvement with narrative storylines and characters that is fostered by entertainment programming. This includes a much-needed explication and separation of several related constructs, such as identification, parasocial interaction, similarity, and others. Second, the article reviews and synthesizes existing theories that have addressed entertainment-education message processing. Third, the article builds on these theories, presenting an expanded theoretical framework. A set of propositions is advanced and directions for future research are discussed. In total, the article offers a clarification of existing concepts that are critical to the study of entertainment-education, a synthesis of relevant theory, and a set of propositions to guide future research in entertainment-education message effects. Résumé Pour une théorie de la persuasion spectacle : Une explication des effets persuasifs des messages ludoéducatifs Un nombre croissant d,études indiquent que la programmation ludoéducative peut être une façon efficace de transmettre des messages à caractère social et sanitaire. Certaines ont même supposé que dans certaines circonstances, les messages ludoéducatifs pouvaient être plus efficaces que les messages ouvertement persuasifs. Malgré des avancées empiriques dans ce domaine, plus de travaux sont nécessaires pour bien comprendre ce qui rend les messages ludoéducatifs uniques du point de vue de leur traitement. À cette fin, cet article a trois objectifs. Premièrement, il examine l'engagement envers l,intrigue narrative et les personnages qui est généré par la programmation ludique. Cela inclut une explication et une séparation, fortement nécessaires, de plusieurs construits liés, comme l'identification, l,interaction parasociale et la similarité, entre autres. Deuxièmement, l'article passe en revue et synthétise les théories existantes qui ont abordé le traitement des messages ludoéducatifs. Troisièmement, l,article met à profit ces théories pour présenter un cadre théorique élargi. Un ensemble de propositions sont soumises et des éléments de recherche future sont commentés. Dans l'ensemble, l,article clarifie les concepts cruciaux pour l'étude des messages ludoéducatifs. Il offre également une synthèse des théories pertinentes ainsi qu,un ensemble de propositions pouvant guider la recherche future sur les effets des messages ludoéducatifs. Abstract Zu einer Theorie unterhaltender Persuasion. Die Erklärung persuasiver Effekte von Entertainment-Education Botschaften Immer mehr Studien zeigen, dass Entertainment-Education Programme ein effektiver Weg sein können, prosoziale und gesundheitsrelevante Botschaften zu vermitteln. Dabei wird sogar spekuliert, dass Entertainment-Education unter bestimmten Umständen möglicherweise effektiver als offensichtlich persuasive Botschaften ist. Trotz der empirischen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet braucht es mehr Forschung, um zu verstehen, was Entertainment-Education bezogen auf die Verarbeitung der Botschaft so einzigartig macht. Dieser Artikel hat daher drei Ziele: Erstens untersucht dieser Artikel das Involvement mit narrativen Storylines und Figuren, das durch unterhaltende Programme befördert wird; dazu gehört die Explikation und Abgrenzung verschiedener verwandter Konstrukte wie Identifikation, parasoziale Interaktion, Ähnlichkeit und anderen. Zweitens bewertet und erläutert dieser Artikel bestehende Theorien, welche die Verarbeitung von Entertainment-Education Botschaften betrachten. Aufbauend auf diese Theorien präsentiert dieser Artikel drittens einen erweiterten theoretischen Rahmen. Eine Reihe von Propositionen wird fortgeschrieben und zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen werden diskutiert. Zusammengefasst bietet dieser Artikel die Klärung bestehender Konzepte, welche zentral für die Untersuchung von Entertainment-Education sind und eine Synthese relevanter Theorien und Propositionen, die forschungsleitend für die Untersuchung von Entertainment-Education Botschaftseffekten sind. Resumen Hacia una Teoría del Entretenimiento Persuasivo: Explicando los Efectos Persuasivos de los Mensajes de Entretenimiento Educativo Un cuerpo de investigaciones creciente indica que la programación de entretenimiento educativo puede ser una manera efectiva de enviar mensajes pro-sociales y de salud. Algunos han especulado que el entretenimiento educativo puede ser más efectivo en ciertas circunstancias que los mensajes abiertamente persuasivos. A pesar de los avances empíricos en esta área, se necesita más trabajo para comprender totalmente qué hace al entretenimiento educativo único desde el punto de vista del procesamiento del mensaje. Con ese objeto, el artículo presente tiene tres objetivos. Primero, el ensayo examina la implicación emocional de los guiones narrativos y los personajes que es fomentada por la programación de entretenimiento. Este incluye una explicación muy necesaria y la separación de varios constructos relacionados, tales como identificación, interacción para social, similitud, y otras. Segundo, este ensayo revisa y sintetiza las teorías existentes que tratan el procesamiento de los mensajes de entretenimiento educativo. Tercero, el artículo se construye sobre esas teorías, presentando un marco teórico ampliado. Un grupo de proposiciones es promovido y direcciones para la investigación futura son discutidas. En total, este ensayo ofrece una clarificación de los conceptos existentes que son críticos para el estudio del entretenimiento educativo, una síntesis de la teoría relevante, y un grupo de proposiciones para guiar la investigación futura sobre los efectos de los mensajes de entretenimiento educativo. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] | |||||||||||||