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Regular Activities (regular + activity)
Selected AbstractsEffects of Predation Risk on Vertical Habitat Use and Foraging of Pardosa milvinaETHOLOGY, Issue 12 2006Hillary C. Folz Animals face the risk of predation while engaging in regular activities, such as foraging, mate-seeking, and reproducing. In order to avoid predation, prey can modify behavior to prevent capture. Pardosa milvina may climb in response to chemotactile cues of Hogna helluo, a larger cooccurring wolf spider, to avoid predation. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the location of predator cues on the climbing response of P. milvina and to test how this antipredator behavior affected foraging success. In experimental arenas, when cues were on the bottom of the containers, P. milvina moved upward, and when cues were on the walls, individuals moved downward. These results suggest that P. milvina respond to H. helluo cues with general avoidance and do not automatically climb in response to the cues. As H. helluo spend most of their time on the ground, P. milvina may avoid predation by spending more time climbing in areas with H. helluo cues. The presence of predator cues significantly decreased foraging by P. milvina. But within the predator cue treatments, climbing ability had no effect on foraging, possibly due to the short height of the feeding arenas. Future studies are needed to determine if climbing by P. milvina in response to cues of H. helluo has direct and indirect negative effects on herbivores in the field. [source] Variables impacting on patients' perceptions of discharge from short-stay hospitalisation or same-day surgeryHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 6 2000William S. Rowe DSW PSW Abstract The paper presents components of a study (n = 929) that was designed to examine, at one specific point in time, the hospital experience of the patient and the patient's corresponding recovery at home. Variables that captured the hospitalization and recovery experience relate to the degree of patient involvement in decisions about their treatment and discharge plans. Levels of health and recovery-related information reported by patients and their level of confidence in ability to resume regular activities once home were also measured. In general, individuals reported what many would consider having received less than optimal levels of information about their illness and recovery at home. Many patients also reported that they neither participated, nor were consulted on their needs or perceptions during their hospitalization. Expectations were that problems that patients might experience once home would have their origins in problems from within the community. However, the community resources were found to be less implicated and hospital resources more so. This suggests the importance of examining institutional issues even when one is focusing on the delivery of community services. [source] Understanding Predictors of Low Physical Activity in Adults with Intellectual DisabilitiesJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 3 2009Janet Finlayson Background, Lack of regular physical activity is globally one of the most significant risks to health. The main aims of this study were to describe the types and levels of regular physical activity undertaken by adults with intellectual disabilities, and to investigate the factors predicting low activity. Materials and Methods, Interviews were conducted with a community-based sample of adults with intellectual disabilities (n = 433) at two time points. Data hypothesized to be predictive of low levels of activity were collected at time 1. Descriptive data were collected on the frequency and intensity, and actual level of participation in activities at time 2. Results, Only 150 (34.6%) adults with intellectual disabilities undertook any regular activity of at least moderate intensity. This was of shorter duration, compared with the general population. Older age, having immobility, epilepsy, no daytime opportunities, living in congregate care and faecal incontinence were independently predictive of low levels of activity. Conclusions, These results are a step towards informing the development of interventions to promote the health of adults with intellectual disabilities through increased physical activity. [source] Latest view on the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 15 2008Constance Hammond PhD Abstract How does deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied at high frequency (100 Hz and above, HFS) in diverse points of cortico-basal ganglia thalamo-cortical loops alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and obsessive compulsive disorders? Do the effects of HFS stem solely or even largely from local effects on the stimulated brain structure or are they also mediated by actions of HFS on distal structures? Indeed, HFS as an extracellular stimulation is expected to activate subsets of both afferent and efferent axons, leading to antidromic spikes that collide with ongoing spontaneous ones and orthodromic spikes that evoke synaptic responses in target neurons. The present review suggests that HFS interfere with spontaneous pathological patterns by introducing a regular activity in several nodal points of the network. Therefore, the best site of implantation of the HFS electrode may be in a region where the HFS-driven activity spreads to most of the identified, dysrhythmic, neuronal populations without causing additional side effects. This should help tackling the most difficult issue namely, how does the regular HFS-driven activity that dampens the spontaneous pathological one, restore neuronal processing along cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops? © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source] | ||||||||||