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Redox Signalling (redox + signalling)
Selected AbstractsReactive oxygen species are signalling molecules for skeletal muscle adaptationEXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Scott K. Powers Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is crucial to the remodelling that occurs in skeletal muscle in response to both exercise training and prolonged periods of disuse. This review discusses the redox-sensitive signalling pathways that are responsible for this ROS-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. We begin with a discussion of the sites of ROS production in skeletal muscle fibres. This is followed by an overview of the putative redox-sensitive signalling pathways that promote skeletal muscle adaptation. Specifically, this discussion highlights redox-sensitive kinases, phosphatases and the transcription factor nuclear factor-,B. We also discuss the evidence that connects redox signalling to skeletal muscle adaptation in response to increased muscular activity (i.e. exercise training) and during prolonged periods of muscular inactivity (i.e. immobilization). In an effort to stimulate further research, we conclude with a discussion of unanswered questions about redox signalling in skeletal muscle. [source] From anchorage dependent proliferation to survival: Lessons from redox signallingIUBMB LIFE, Issue 5 2008Paola Chiarugi Abstract Anchorage to extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for the execution of the mitotic program of nontransformed cells as they need simultaneous signals starting from mitogenic molecules, as growth factors (GFs), and adhesive agents belonging to ECM. Reactive oxygen species play a key function during both GF and integrin receptor signalling and are therefore recognised to have a synergistic function with several others transducers for anchorage-dependent growth (ADG). Indeed, redox-regulated proteins include protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine kinases, small GTPases, cytoskeleton proteins, as well as several transcription factors. In this review, we focus on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key second messengers granting a proper executed mitosis for anchorage-dependent cells through redox regulation of several downstream targets. Besides, redox signals elicited by ECM contact assure a protection from anoikis, a specific apoptosis induced by lack of anchorage. Cancer cells frequently show a deregulation of ROS production and a constitutive oxidative stress has been associated to the achievement of an invasive phenotype. Hence, in cancer cells, the constitutive deregulation of both mitogenic and survival pathways, likely mimicking autocrine/adhesive signals, helps to guide the transformed cells to escape the innate apoptotic response to abolish the signals started by cell/ECM contact, thus sustaining the spreading of anchorage-independent cancer cells and the metastases growth. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(5): 301,307, 2008 [source] The chemistry behind redox regulation with a focus on sulphur redox systemsPHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, Issue 3 2008Claus Jacob Sulphur metabolism in plants provides a wealth of natural products, including several chemically unusual substances, such as thiosulphinates, polysulphides and isothiocyanates. Many of these reactive sulphur species (RSS) exhibit a distinct redox behaviour in vitro, which translates into a rather interesting biological activity in vivo, such as antibiotic, fungicidal, pesticidal or anticancer activity. While the molecular basis for such activity has long remained obscure, research into sulphur-based redox systems during the past 5,10 years has achieved a better knowledge of the in vitro properties of RSS and has led to an improved understanding of their impact on intracellular redox signalling and control pathways in living cells. It has become apparent that the redox chameleon sulphur occurs in biological systems in about 10 different oxidation states, which give rise to an extensive and complicated network of sulphur-based redox events. Together, natural sulphur products from plants and their intracellular targets provide the basis for innovative design of novel antibiotics, fungicides, pesticides and anticancer agents. [source] Proteomic analysis of liver tissues subjected to early ischemia/reperfusion injury during human orthotopic liver transplantationPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 11 2006Carlo Vascotto Abstract Knowledge of early molecular events occurring upon ischemia/reperfusion,(I/R) during liver transplantation,(LT) is of great importance to improve the therapeutic intervention of surgical treatment. However, nowadays, few data are available on early protein targets of I/R,injury. To identify these proteins, we used a differential proteomics approach in the characterization human liver biopsies during I/R upon,LT. Analyses were performed on nine donor livers during LT. By using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF,MS, we identified 36,proteins which resulted significantly altered upon I/R,injury. The majority of these proteins are functionally involved in lipid and energy metabolism, in different metabolic pathways, in redox signalling and in oxidative-stress response. Our data represent the first global approach in the study of I/R,injury in liver. [source] | ||||||||||