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Red Sea Bream (red + sea_bream)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	86%

Selected Abstracts

Acute CO2 tolerance during the early developmental stages of four marine teleosts

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2003
T. Kikkawa
Abstract Ocean sequestration of CO2 is proposed as a possible measure to mitigate climate changes caused by increasing atmospheric concentrations of the gas, but its impact on the marine ecosystem is unknown. We investigated the acute lethal effect of CO2 during the early developmental stages of four marine teleosts: red sea bream (Pagrus major), Japanese whiting (Sillago japonica), Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis). The percentages of larvae that hatched and survived were not affected by exposure to water with a PCO2 of 1.0 kPa (= 7.5 mmHg) within 24 h. Median lethal PCO2 values for a 360-min exposure were 1.4 kPa (cleavage), 5.1 kPa (embryo), 7.3 kPa (preflexion), 4.2 kPa (flexion), 4.6 kPa (postflexion), and 2.5 kPa (juvenile) for red sea bream; 2.4 kPa (cleavage), 4.9 kPa (embryo), 5.9 kPa (preflexion), 6.1 kPa (flexion), 4.1 kPa (postflexion), and 2.7 kPa (juvenile) for Japanese whiting; 2.8 kPa (cleavage) and > 7.0 kPa (young) for Japanese flounder; and 11.8 kPa (cleavage) for eastern little tuna. Red sea bream and Japanese whiting of all ontogenetic stages had similar susceptibilities to CO2: the most susceptible stages were cleavage and juvenile, whereas the most tolerant stages were preflexion and flexion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 18: 375,382, 2003 [source]

Protection of red sea bream Pagrus major against red sea bream iridovirus infection by vaccination with a recombinant viral protein

MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Hajime Shimmoto
ABSTRACT Megalocytivirus infections cause serious mass mortality in marine fish in East and Southeast Asian countries. In this study the immunogenicity of crude subunit vaccines against infection by the Megalocytivirus RSIV was investigated. Three capsid proteins, 18R, 351R and a major capsid protein, were selected for use as crude subunit vaccines. High homology among Megalocytivirus types was found in the initial sequence examined, the 351R region. Red sea bream (Pagrus major) juveniles were vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection of recombinant formalin-killed Escherichia coli cells expressing these three capsid proteins. After challenge infection with RSIV, fish vaccinated with the 351R-recombinant bacteria showed significantly greater survival than those vaccinated with control bacteria. The 351R protein was co-expressed with GAPDH from the bacterium Edwardsiella tarda in E. coli; this also protected against viral challenge. A remarkable accumulation of RSIV was observed in the blood of vaccinated fish, with less accumulation in the gills and spleen tissues. Thus, the 351R-GAPDH fusion protein is a potential vaccine against Megalocytivirus infection in red sea bream. [source]

Acute CO2 tolerance during the early developmental stages of four marine teleosts

Effects of Dietary Vitamin A on Juvenile Red Sea Bream Chrysophrys major

JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 4 2004
Luis Hector
A 55-d feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A on growth of juvenile red sea bream Chrysophrys major. Nine semi-purified diets with supplemental retinol palmitate at levels of 0, 300, 600, 1,500, 3,000, 4,500, 6,000, 15,000 and 30,000 retinol eq/kg diet, were fed twice daily to triplicate groups of 10 juveniles per tank with an initial weight of 1.178 ± 0.001 g. Weight gain and specific growth rate increased with the increase of supplemental retinol palmitate in the diet up to a level of 6,000 retinol eq/kg diet, beyond which those indices tended to decrease slightly or to plateau. Significantly lower weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in fish fed with 0 and 300 retinol eq/kg diet. No significant differences were found in survival rates among the different levels of supplementation. The crude protein, lipid, moisture and ash contents in the whole body were not affected by the different vitamin A supplemental levels. Besides the reduced growth, fish fed with low levels of vitamin A supplement showed no other signs of deficiency. No hypervitaminosis A symptoms were observed in fish fed on high levels of supplementation. Fish fed on diets with 0 and 300 retinol eq/kg diet showed a significantly lower content of vitamin A (as a total retinol) in the liver than those in groups fed with higher levels of supplementation. Vitamin A was stored in the liver mainly as retinyl esters. Total retinal content of the eye showed no significant differences among the treatments; however, fish fed with 0 and 300 retinol eq/kg of diet had slightly higher concentrations. According to the results of the mean weight gain, specific growth rate and liver retinol content, the requirement of dietary vitamin A for juvenile red sea bream was estimated to be between 1,500 and 6,000 retinol eq/kg. [source]

Pharmacokinetics of Dietary 13C-Labeled Docosahexaenoic Acid and Docosapentaenoic Acid in Red Sea Bream Chrysophrys major

JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 2 2002
Akio Tago
The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the pharmacokinetics of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) using 13C-labeled fatty acids; 2) the interorgan transport of DHA in the red sea bream by monitoring the DHA level of several organs; and 3) the relationship between the plasma DHA level and optimum dietary DHA level in the plasma of the red sea bream Chrysophrys major. For this purpose, a mixture of 38.5% of [13C]DHA, 8.5% of [13C]DPA, and 4.2% of [13C]palmitic acid were given to the red sea bream at dose level of 8.0, 16.0, and 47.9 mg/kg by a single oral administration. For [13C]DHA, the maximum plasma concentration (tmax) occurred at 2.00,3.00 h after the oral administration. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve to 24 h (AUC0-24 for [13C]DHA level linearly increased with respect to dosage. [13C]DHA appeared in each organ (plasma, erythrocyte and the fat body of the orbit, liver, intestine, skin, brain, heart and muscle) at 0.5 h and was observed until 24 h. From the values determined for the pharmacokinetic parameters, the range of the effective plasma DHA level for normal growth of the red sea bream was suggested to be between 21.0 and 40.3 ,g/mL. For [13C]DPA, the AUC0-24 and Cmax values also linearly increased with the dosage, but tmax did not depend on it. [source]

Protection of red sea bream Pagrus major against red sea bream iridovirus infection by vaccination with a recombinant viral protein

Interactive effects of dietary vitamin C and phospholipid in micro-bound diet for growth, survival, and stress resistance of larval red sea bream, Pagrus major

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 5 2010
T. REN
Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AsA) and phospholipid (PL) and their interaction on growth, survival, and stress resistance in red sea bream larvae. Twenty-six days old red sea bream were fed nine micro-bound diets supplemented three levels of AsA (0, 800 and 1600 mg kg,1 diet) and PL (0, 20 and 40 g kg,1 diet) for 15 days. Dietary AsA and PL were both significant factors on survival rates. There was also an interaction between dietary AsA and PL on survival rate (P < 0.05). The larvae fed 800 or 1600 mg kg,1 AsA with 40 g kg,1 PL diets showed the highest survival rate, with values similar to those of the live-food supplemented group. Stress resistance against low salinity exposure significantly increased with increased dietary level of AsA and PL. However, significant interaction of AsA and PL was not detected. The larvae fed 1600 mg kg,1 AsA with 40 g kg,1 PL diet showed the highest stress resistance among all diets, but it was not significantly different than that of larvae fed 800 mg kg,1 AsA with 40 g kg,1 PL diet. This study clearly demonstrated that combined use of AsA and PL can improve survival of 26,40 days posthatching red sea bream larvae. Moreover, the present study suggested that 800 mg kg,1 AsA with 40 g kg,1 PL in diet was needed for producing high quality seedling under the stressful conditions. [source]

Reproduction, growth and stress response in adult red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel) exposed to different photoperiods at spawning season

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010
Amal Biswas
Abstract Adult red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight, 1.0,2.0 kg) was exposed to three photoperiods [12 h light:12 h dark (12L:12D), 16 h light:8 h dark (16L:8D) and 24 h light:0 h dark (24L:0D)] from 2 months before spawning till the end of the spawning season to investigate growth, spawning and stress response. During the spawning season, tanks were checked every morning for spawned eggs. The growth performance in fish under 24L:0D was stimulated with significantly higher feed intake than those under other photoperiods (P<0.05). The number of eggs and gonadal histology confirmed that three and five females out of six in each of duplicate tanks of the 16L:8D treatment spawned. In contrast, only two out of six females in one tank of the 24L:0D treatment spawned, and no spawns were observed in the 12L:12D treatment. At the end of the spawning period, both 17,-estradiol and testosterone levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 16L:8D followed by 12L:12D and 24L:0D photoperiods (P<0.05). Photoperiod manipulation did not cause significant stress response in fish (P>0.05). The results suggest that stimulating the growth performance of red sea bream at reproductive stage with a 24L:0D photoperiod is possible if the fish are subjected to this photoperiod long before the onset of the spawning season. [source]

Stimulation of growth performance without causing stress response in young red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), by photoperiod manipulation

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2008
Amal Kumar Biswas
Abstract Three photoperiods (12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) were used to investigate the growth performance and stress response in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 200,400 g). Fish were fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation, two times a day for 8 weeks. Fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod showed a significantly higher weight gain (%) than those exposed to other photoperiods (P<0.05). The best specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were achieved at 24L:0D and 16L:8D, without significant differences among them. Although fish exposed to 16L:8D showed a significantly higher plasma level of cortisol than those exposed to other photoperiods in the third week, there was no major variation in the cortisol level among the treatments either at the sixth week or at the end of this study. There were no significant differences either in the haematocrit level or the plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol and total protein among the treatments during this study. The results revealed that the growth performance of red sea bream reared from 200 to 400 g can be stimulated significantly using a continuous (24L:0D) photoperiod without any measurable significant stress response in fish. [source]

Vertebral deformities in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major, Temminck and Schlegel

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 13 2003
M Hattori
Abstract Vertebral deformities were investigated in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major. In the field, deformities in seedlings were categorized and their incidence was calculated. In the laboratory, the symptoms of major vertebral deformities were examined morphologically using radiographs and by making transparent skeletal specimens. The internal structure of deformed vertebrae was examined histologically. The shortened body condition had the highest incidence (0.9,8.3%) of all deformities in the seedlings. In individuals with the shortened body condition, the ratio of trunk and caudal part length to body height was smaller. These fish had skeletal anomalies in the vertebrae, mainly centrum defects (64.3%) or undersized centrums (25.2%). The specimens with centrum defects had a characteristic anomaly in the vertebrae, with plural pairs of neural and haemal spines on a single centrum. This anomaly was frequently observed in the posterior abdominal vertebrae. The internal skeletal structure of such abnormal centrums was basically the same as that of normal centrums. In all the specimens with undersized centrums, both the centrum length and diameter were shorter than normal except for the first and second centrum, and urostyle. [source]