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Red Colour (red + colour)
Selected AbstractsLipid and protein changes in chilled sea salmon (Pseudopercis semifasciata): effect of previous rosemary extract (Rossmarinus officinalis L.) applicationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Valeria Tironi Summary The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of rosemary extract application (200 and 500 ppm) on lipid oxidation, colour and protein modifications during the chilled storage (1.0 ± 0.7 °C) of sea salmon (Pseudopercis semifasciata). Lipid oxidation and ,3-22:6 fatty acid content modification were prevented by the addition of rosemary extract. Analysis of interaction between lipid oxidation products and proteins by fluorescence showed no relationship between their temporal changes in the aqueous phase and the lipid oxidation evolution since a similar behaviour was observed in both absence and presence of antioxidant. Protein extractability, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differential scanning calorimetry and lysine content determinations revealed no differences between muscle untreated or treated with rosemary. Fluorescent compounds evolution in organic phase would be in relation with the appearance of lipid oxidation products. In addition, rosemary extract partially prevented the loss of red colour in chilled muscle. Although protein alterations could not be prevented, rosemary extract shows to be a promissory antioxidant in sea salmon muscle. [source] Influence of agricultural practices on the quality of sweet pepper fruits as affected by the maturity stageJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 11 2007Antonio José Pérez-López Abstract Background: Peppers are popular vegetables because of their colour, taste and nutritional value. The levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds in peppers and other vegetables depend on several factors, including cultivar, agricultural practice and maturity stage. Results: In this study the effects of maturation and type of agricultural practice (organic or conventional) on the ascorbic acid, total carotenoid and total phenolic contents and colour parameters of sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum cv. Almuden) grown in a controlled greenhouse were determined. Levels of vitamin C, phenolic compounds and carotenoids increased during ripening, with red sweet peppers having higher contents of these bioactive compounds. Moreover, peppers grown under organic culture had higher vitamin C, phenolic and carotenoid levels than those grown under conventional culture. With respect to colour parameters, organic red peppers had higher values of L*, a*, b*, C* and Hab than conventional red peppers, giving them a higher intensity of red colour. Conclusion: Thus organic farming had a positive effect on the nutritional content of peppers, increasing the vitamin C activity and the level of phenolic compounds, both implicated in the antioxidant activity of vegetables, and the content of carotenoids, implicated in the colour variance observed in pepper fruits. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Development changes of anthocyanins in Vitis vinifera grapes grown in the Douro Valley and concentration in respective winesJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 14 2002Nuno Mateus Abstract Grapes of Touriga Nacional and Touriga Francesa red Vitis vinifera varieties have been sampled from two vineyard sites at different altitudes during three consecutive vintage years (1997, 1998 and 1999) in the Douro Valley. The total anthocyanidin monoglucosides (AMGs) detected by HPLC/DAD and the red colour of grape skin extracts were monitored during the last month of maturation. Microvinifications were performed with the grapes studied and the resulting Port wines were analysed. Malvidin 3-glucoside and its acylated esters were the major AMGs irrespective of cultivar at harvest date. Vineyard altitude, together with other variables, was found to be an important factor contributing to the amount of anthocyanin compounds found in grapes of Touriga Nacional and Touriga Francesa. Overall, the climatic conditions observed at higher vineyard sites appeared to be advantageous, resulting in larger amounts of AMGs in grapes. The same outcome was obtained in the resulting wines, which showed higher levels of AMGs when made from grapes grown at higher altitude, especially for Touriga Francesa. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Effect of pre-treatment with carbon monoxide and film properties on the quality of vacuum packaging of beef chopsPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 7 2008Estrella Aspé Abstract Beef chops (longissimus dorsi) were pre-treated with 5% carbon monoxide (CO) , 95% N2 for 24,h, vacuum packed in thermo-contractile bags and stored at 0 ± 2°C. Shelf life, as determined by the viable aerobic bacterial load, was 11 weeks. Vacuum-packed chops with heat-contractile film produced a smaller drip loss, had a more intense red colour and higher colour stability under storage than chops with non-heat-contractile film. Chops pre-treated with CO were redder during all the storage period than controls without CO. The pre-treatment did not affect pH, water-holding capacity, drip loss or rancidity of the meat stored in vacuum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The FIRST radio survey: Panchromatic properties of FIRST radio sources identified in the Boötes and Cetus fieldsASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 1 2009K. El Bouchefry Abstract In this paper the availability of multi-wavelength optical/infrared information of FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at 20 cm) radio sources counterparts over ,9.2 deg2 in the Boötes field and ,2.4 deg2 in the Cetus field is exploited to infer the physical properties of the faint radio population. The radio sources optically identified have been divided into resolved galaxies and stellar-like objects finding that the faint radio population is mainly composed of early-type galaxies with very red colour (Bw , R , 4.6). A total number of 57 counterparts of FIRST radio sources have extremely red colour (R , K , 5). Photometric redshift from Hyperz implies that the Extremely Red Objects (EROs) counterparts to FIRST radio sources are mostly located in the range z = 0.7,2, with the bulk of the population at z , 1. Taking advantage of the near infrared imaging with FLAMEX (FLAMINGOS Extragalactic Infrared Survey), the EROs counterparts to FIRST radio sources are separated into passively-evolving and dusty star-forming galaxies using their RJK colours; the relatively blue J , K of these galaxies suggest that most are old elliptical galaxies (18/25) rather than dusty starburst galaxies (7/25). A total of 15 Distant Red Galaxy (DRGs) have been identified as counterparts to FIRST radio sources in the Cetus field and 3 DRGs in the Boötes field with J , K > 2.3 (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] A census of metals and baryons in stars in the local UniverseMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2008Anna Gallazzi ABSTRACT We combine stellar metallicity and stellar mass estimates for a large sample of galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 2 (SDSS DR2) spanning wide ranges in physical properties, in order to derive an inventory of the total mass of metals and baryons locked up in stars in the local Universe. Physical parameter estimates are derived from galaxy spectra with high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (of at least 20). Co-added spectra of galaxies with similar velocity dispersions, absolute r -band magnitudes and 4000-Ĺ break values are used for those regions of parameter space where individual spectra have lower S/N. We estimate the total density of metals ,Z and of baryons ,* in stars and, from these two quantities, we obtain a mass- and volume-averaged stellar metallicity of ,Z*,= 1.04 ± 0.14 Z,, i.e. consistent with solar. We also study how metals are distributed in galaxies according to different properties, such as mass, morphology, mass- and light-weighted age, and we then compare these distributions with the corresponding distributions of stellar mass. We find that the bulk of metals locked up in stars in the local Universe reside in massive, bulge-dominated galaxies, with red colours and high 4000-Ĺ break values corresponding to old stellar populations. Bulge-dominated and disc-dominated galaxies contribute similar amounts to the total stellar mass density, but have different fractional contributions to the mass density of metals in stars, in agreement with the mass,metallicity relation. Bulge-dominated galaxies contain roughly 40 per cent of the total amount of metals in stars, while disc-dominated galaxies less than 25 per cent. Finally, at a given galaxy stellar mass, we define two characteristic ages as the median of the distributions of mass and metals as a function of age. These characteristic ages decrease progressively from high-mass to low-mass galaxies, consistent with the high formation epochs of stars in massive galaxies. [source] | |||||||||||||