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Recollection
Selected AbstractsThe role of medial temporal lobe in retrieving spatial and nonspatial relations from episodic and semantic memoryHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 1 2010Lee Ryan Abstract This study examined the involvement of medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, in processing spatial and nonspatial relations using episodic and semantic versions of a relational judgment task. Participants studied object arrays and were tested on different types of relations between pairs of objects. Three prevalent views of hippocampal function were considered. Cognitive map theory (O'Keefe and Nadel (1978) The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. USA: Oxford University Press) emphasizes hippocampal involvement in spatial relational tasks. Multiple trace theory (Nadel and Moscovitch (1997) Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex Curr Opin Neurobiol 7:217,227) emphasizes hippocampal involvement in episodic tasks. Eichenbaum and Cohen's ((2001) From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection: Memory Systems of the Brain. USA: Oxford University Press) relational theory predicts equivalent hippocampal involvement in all relational tasks within both semantic and episodic memory. The fMRI results provided partial support for all three theories, though none of them fit the data perfectly. We observed hippocampal activation during all relational tasks, with increased activation for spatial compared to nonspatial relations, and for episodic compared to semantic relations. The placement of activation along the anterior-posterior axis of the hippocampus also differentiated the conditions. We suggest a view of hippocampal function in memory that incorporates aspects of all three theories. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Evangelism from a WCC Perspective: a Recollection of an Important Ecumenical Memory, and the Unfolding of a Holistic Vision,INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 382-383 2007Dietrich Werner [source] Cupboards of Curiosity: Women, Recollection, and Film HistoryTHE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 1 2008Julie Anne Taddeo No abstract is available for this article. [source] Recollections of parent,child relationships in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobiaACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2002L. Turgeon Objective:,In previous studies, patients with different psychiatric conditions, as compared with matched controls, have reported that their parents were more protective and less caring towards them when they were children. However, studies investigating associations between parental behaviours and anxiety disorders have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to compare recalled parental behaviours in out-patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in out-patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA), and in non-anxious controls. Method:,The sample included 43 out-patients with OCD, 38 with PDA, and 120 controls. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran or Own Memories of Parental Rearing Experiences in Childhood. Results:,No differences were found between the two anxious groups. However, compared with the control group, anxious patients recalled their parents as more protective. Conclusion:,Our findings suggest that child rearing practices such as overprotection may be a risk factor in the development of anxiety disorders. [source] PESA Then and Now: Recollections and congratulationsEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 7 2009Marjorie O'Loughlin First page of article [source] Men's Recollections of a Women's Rite: Medieval English Men's Recollections Regarding the Rite of the Purification of Women after ChildbirthGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 2 2002Becky R. Lee This study examines the recollections of medieval English men, found in proof,of,age inquests, regarding their participation in the rite of the purification of women after childbirth. Because the rite of purification was reserved to women, scant attention has been paid to how this rite and the customs surrounding it played in the lives of medieval men. These men's recollections situate postpartum purification within the festivities celebrating the birth of a man's heir. For them, it is a public event celebrating paternity and lineage, and a forum for the negotiation of social relationships. [source] Recollections of an Inquiring EngineerGROUND WATER, Issue 5 2009Ken Rushton First page of article [source] International Congresses of Biochemistry,Personal RecollectionsIUBMB LIFE, Issue 5 2000E. C. Slater First page of article [source] Recollections of Irving H. Sher 1924,1996: Polymath/information scientist extraordinaireJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 14 2001Eugene Garfield Over a 35-year period, Irving H. Sher played a critical role in the development and implementation of the Science Citation Index® and other ISI® products. Trained as a biochemist, statistician, and linguist, Sher brought a unique combination of talents to ISI as Director of Quality Control and Director of Research and Development. His talents as a teacher and mentor evoked loyalty. He was a particularly inventive but self-taught programmer. In addition to the SCI,® Social Sciences Citation Index,® and Arts and Humanities Citation Index,® Sher was involved with the development of the first commercial SDI system, the Automatic Subject Citation Alert, now called Research Alert,® and Request-A-Print Cards. Together we developed the journal impact factor and the Journal Citation Reports.® Sher was also the inventor of the SYSTABAR System of coding references and Sherhand. He was involved in key reports on citation-based historiography, forecasting Nobel prizes, and served as a referee for JASIS over a 20-year period. [source] Recollections on thrombin generationJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 2 2008H. C. HEMKER Summary., Against an autobiographic background, a historical sketch is given of the development of the technique of thrombin generation, from subsampling to duly calibrated continuous measurement with fluorogenic substrates. Its application to various problems in the pathophysiology of hemostasis and thrombosis is discussed. [source] Recollections of Alex GeorgePOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Juliette George First page of article [source] Recollections of Arthur Kornberg (1918,2007) and the beginning of the Stanford Biochemistry DepartmentPROTEIN SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Robert L. Baldwin First page of article [source] Remembering and Understanding: The Effects of Changes in Underlying Knowledge on Children's RecollectionsCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2000Andrea Follmer Greenhoot This study was designed to explore the influence of changes in children's knowledge on earlier constructed memories. Kindergartners' (N= 102) recall of a series of stories was examined as a function of their interpersonal knowledge about the main story character. Children's knowledge about the protagonist was manipulated prior to presentation of the stories, and the effects of their impressions on story recall were examined. A change in some of the children's impressions was then promoted, and the impact of this second knowledge manipulation on recall of previously heard stories was assessed. The results indicated that children's story recall was affected by their prior impressions. Moreover, following the second knowledge manipulation, children revised their story reports in ways that were consistent with their newly acquired impressions, which suggests that they had reconstructed their memories of previously heard stories. These findings provide evidence for both prospective and retrospective effects of knowledge on memory. [source] Investigation of mood-congruent false and true memory recognition in depressionDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2005Steffen Moritz Ph.D. Abstract The present study investigated the extent of mood-congruent false and true memory recognition in depression. A group of 25 patients with depression and 28 healthy controls completed a variant of the Deese-Roediger McDermott task. Four lists were read to participants in sequence, followed by a recognition task. The words in each list were associated with a central but unmentioned theme word that was either depression-relevant (i.e., loneliness), delusion-relevant (betrayal), positive (holidays), or neutral (window). Whereas it was expected to replicate the conventional mood-congruent effect in depression (better recognition of depression-relevant items), the available literature did not allow strong predictions to be made on the extent of mood-congruent false recognition in depression. Results showed that depressed patients learned emotionally charged material equally well as healthy participants but forgot significantly more neutral material. A conventional mood-congruent memory bias was not found, but relative to healthy controls, patients with depression committed more false recognition errors for emotionally charged words, particularly for depression-relevant items. The results confirm that depressed patients are biased toward emotional material. Reasons for the absence of the expected mood-congruent memory bias are discussed. It is suggested that researchers as well as clinicians should pay more attention to mood-congruent false recollection, because it may undermine the validity of autobiographic reports in depressive patients and may represent a maintenance factor for the disorder. Depression and Anxiety 00:000,000, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Visiting America: notes from an alcohol-focused study tour made in 1961ADDICTION, Issue 12 2008Griffith Edwards ABSTRACT Aims This paper has as its focus a study tour made by the author in 1961. Diary notes are used to capture a historical moment in the evolution of alcohol studies. The paper will argue for the continuing value today of such experiences in support of career development and the building of ,the field'. Data sources Diary notes and personal recollection. Findings The United States was at the time more active than the United Kingdom in its response to alcohol problems. There was, however, a disjunction between the elite American research world and the world of action, which was not informed greatly by research. For the most part, treatment services and prevention strategies seemed driven by opinion rather than by evidence. But at the level of serious scientific endeavour there was opportunity to meet influential figures including Seldon Bacon, Morris Chafetz, Milton Gross, Ebbe Curtis Hoff, Harris Isbell, E. M. Jellinek, Mark Keller, Benjamin Kissen, Robert Strauss, Wolf Schmidt and Abraham Wikler, who generously made their time available. Conclusions These diary notes provide a snapshot of a field of endeavour at a critical stage of transition from uninformed assumptions towards establishment of a research base which can inform public action. The visit was of tangible value to the visitor in several different identified ways. Such an experience is inevitably time-bound and personal, but there are general conclusions to be drawn as to the benefits which will be derived from early travel opportunities in a field such as alcohol studies, which is all too easily culture-bound in its horizons and assumptions. Alcohol science needs to be more reflective on its history and the mechanisms that help to make it happen. [source] Recollective experience in alcohol dependence: a laboratory studyADDICTION, Issue 12 2008Patrizia Thoma ABSTRACT Aims Alcohol dependence has been linked to dysfunction of fronto-temporo-striatal circuits which mediate memory and executive function. The present study aimed to explore the specificity of recognition memory changes in alcohol dependence. Design, setting and participants Twenty hospitalized alcohol-dependent detoxified patients and 20 healthy control subjects completed a verbal list discrimination task. Measurements Hits and false alarm rates were analysed. Additionally, both the dual process signal detection model (DPSD) and the process dissociation procedure (PDP) were used to derive estimates of the contribution of recollection and familiarity processes to the recognition memory performance in patients and controls. Findings Alcohol-dependent patients showed intact hit rates, but increased false alarm rates and an impaired ability to remember the learning context. Both the DPSD model and PDP estimates yielded significantly reduced recollection estimates in the alcohol-dependent compared to control subjects. Whether or not familiarity was impaired, depended upon the sensitivity of the estimation procedure. Conclusion Taken together, the result pattern suggests a significant impairment in recollection and mild familiarity changes in recently detoxified, predominantly male, alcohol-dependent subjects. [source] Subjective mental time: the functional architecture of projecting the self to past and futureEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 10 2009Shahar Arzy Abstract Human experience takes place in the line of mental time (MT) created through ,self-projection' of oneself to different time-points in the past or future. Here we manipulated self-projection in MT not only with respect to one's life events but also with respect to one's faces from different past and future time-points. Behavioural and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging activity showed three independent effects characterized by (i) similarity between past recollection and future imagination, (ii) facilitation of judgements related to the future as compared with the past, and (iii) facilitation of judgements related to time-points distant from the present. These effects were found with respect to faces and events, and also suggest that brain mechanisms of MT are independent of whether actual life episodes have to be re-experienced or pre-experienced, recruiting a common cerebral network including the anteromedial temporal, posterior parietal, inferior frontal, temporo-parietal and insular cortices. These behavioural and neural data suggest that self-projection in time is a fundamental aspect of MT, relying on neural structures encoding memory, mental imagery and self. [source] Hippocampal granule cells opt for early retirementHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 10 2010C.B. Alme Abstract Increased excitability and plasticity of adult-generated hippocampal granule cells during a critical period suggests that they may "orthogonalize" memories according to time. One version of this "temporal tag" hypothesis suggests that young granule cells are particularly responsive during a specific time period after their genesis, allowing them to play a significant role in sculpting CA3 representations, after which they become much less responsive to any input. An alternative possibility is that the granule cells active during their window of increased plasticity, and excitability become selectively tuned to events that occurred during that time and participate in later reinstatement of those experiences, to the exclusion of other cells. To discriminate between these possibilities, rats were exposed to different environments at different times over many weeks, and cell activation was subsequently assessed during a single session in which all environments were revisited. Dispersing the initial experiences in time did not lead to the increase in total recruitment at reinstatement time predicted by the selective tuning hypothesis. The data indicate that, during a given time frame, only a very small number of granule cells participate in many experiences, with most not participating significantly in any. Based on these and previous data, the small excitable population of granule cells probably correspond to the most recently generated cells. It appears that, rather than contributing to the recollection of long past events, most granule cells, possibly 90,95%, are effectively "retired." If granule cells indeed sculpt CA3 representations (which remains to be shown), then a possible consequence of having a new set of granule cells participate when old memories are reinstated is that new representations of these experiences might be generated in CA3. Whatever the case, the present data may be interpreted to undermine the standard "orthogonalizer" theory of the role of the dentate gyrus in memory. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A single-trace dual-process model of episodic memory: A novel computational account of familiarity and recollectionHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 2 2010Andrea Greve Abstract Dual-process theories of episodic memory state that retrieval is contingent on two independent processes: familiarity (providing a sense of oldness) and recollection (recovering events and their context). A variety of studies have reported distinct neural signatures for familiarity and recollection, supporting dual-process theory. One outstanding question is whether these signatures reflect the activation of distinct memory traces or the operation of different retrieval mechanisms on a single memory trace. We present a computational model that uses a single neuronal network to store memory traces, but two distinct and independent retrieval processes access the memory. The model is capable of performing familiarity and recollection-based discrimination between old and new patterns, demonstrating that dual-process models need not to rely on multiple independent memory traces, but can use a single trace. Importantly, our putative familiarity and recollection processes exhibit distinct characteristics analogous to those found in empirical data; they diverge in capacity and sensitivity to sparse and correlated patterns, exhibit distinct ROC curves, and account for performance on both item and associative recognition tests. The demonstration that a single-trace, dual-process model can account for a range of empirical findings highlights the importance of distinguishing between neuronal processes and the neuronal representations on which they operate. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Reliving lifelong episodic autobiographical memories via the hippocampus: A correlative resting PET study in healthy middle-aged subjectsHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 5 2008Pascale Piolino Abstract We aimed at identifying the cerebral structures whose synaptic function subserves the recollection of lifetime's episodic autobiographical memory (AM) via autonoetic consciousness. Twelve healthy middle-aged subjects (mean age: 59 years ± 2.5) underwent a specially designed cognitive test to assess the ability to relive richly detailed episodic autobiographical memories from five time periods using the Remember/Know procedure. We computed an index of episodicity (number of Remember responses justified by the recall of specific events and details) and an index of retrieval spontaneity, and additionally an index of semanticized memories (number of Know responses). The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in the resting state, with H2O15 as part of an activation PET study. The indexes were correlated with blood flow using volumes of interest in frontotemporal regions, including hippocampus and voxel-wise analyses in SPM. With both analyses, significant correlations were mainly found between the index of episodicity and rCBF in the medial temporal lobe, including hippocampus, across the five time periods (unlike the index of semanticized memories) and between the spontaneity index and rCBF in the prefrontal areas. These results highlight, in healthy subjects, the distinct role of these two structures in AM retrieval and support the view that the hippocampus is needed for reexperiencing detailed episodic memories no matter how old they are. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Memory in the aging brain: Doubly dissociating the contribution of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortexHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 11 2007Andrew P. Yonelinas Abstract Since the time of Aristotle it has been thought that memories can be divided into two basic types; conscious recollections and familiarity-based judgments. Neuropsychological studies have provided indirect support for this distinction by suggesting that different regions within the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) are involved in these two forms of memory, but none of these studies have demonstrated that these brain regions can be fully dissociated. In a group of nondemented elderly subjects, we found that performance on recall and recognition tests was predicted preferentially by hippocampal and entorhinal volumes, respectively. Structural equation modeling revealed a double dissociation, whereby age-related reductions in hippocampal volume resulted in decreases in recollection, but not familiarity, whereas entorhinal volume was preferentially related to familiarity. The results demonstrate that the forms of episodic memory supported by the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex can be fully dissociated, and indicate that recollection and familiarity reflect neuroanatomically distinct memory processes. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of unitization on associative recognition in amnesiaHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 3 2007Joel R. Quamme Abstract We examined how associative recognition performance in amnesic patients is mediated by use of a unitized (i.e., holistic) encoding strategy, and the degree to which the unitization effect is related to sparing of familiarity-based recognition. Participants studied word pairs as either separate lexical units in sentences (i.e., nonunitized) or as compounds (unitized). Under standard recognition instructions, normal controls and patients with left-temporal lobe damage (previously determined to have impairments in both recollection and familiarity) showed no difference for unitized and nonunitized pairs, whereas hypoxics (previously determined to have impaired recollection but relatively preserved familiarity) showed an advantage of unitized over nonunitized pairs. This effect was reproduced in normal healthy participants under instructions to restrict responses to judgments of familiarity. The results indicate that unitization may mediate the degree of associative recognition impairment exhibited by some amnesic patients, and that the effect is related to preserved familiarity capacity. The relevance of the results to the debate over the importance of the hippocampus in memory for associations is discussed. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Episodic memory,From brain to mindHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 9 2006Janina Ferbinteanu Abstract Neuronal mechanisms of episodic memory, the conscious recollection of autobiographical events, are largely unknown because electrophysiological studies in humans are conducted only in exceptional circumstances. Unit recording studies in animals are thus crucial for understanding the neurophysiological substrate that enables people to remember their individual past. Two features of episodic memory,autonoetic consciousness, the self-aware ability to "travel through time", and one-trial learning, the acquisition of information in one occurrence of the event,raise important questions about the validity of animal models and the ability of unit recording studies to capture essential aspects of memory for episodes. We argue that autonoetic experience is a feature of human consciousness rather than an obligatory aspect of memory for episodes, and that episodic memory is reconstructive and thus its key features can be modeled in animal behavioral tasks that do not involve either autonoetic consciousness or one-trial learning. We propose that the most powerful strategy for investigating neurophysiological mechanisms of episodic memory entails recording unit activity in brain areas homologous to those required for episodic memory in humans (e.g., hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) as animals perform tasks with explicitly defined episodic-like aspects. Within this framework, empirical data suggest that the basic structure of episodic memory is a temporally extended representation that distinguishes the beginning from the end of an event. Future research is needed to fully understand how neural encodings of context, sequences of items/events, and goals are integrated within mnemonic representations of autobiographical events. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Dissociable neural responses in the hippocampus to the retrieval of facial identity and emotion: An event-related fMRI studyHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 4 2003Tetsuya Iidaka Abstract In studies with brain-damaged patients and experimental animals, the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, has been found to play a critical role in establishing declarative or episodic memory. We measured the neural response in these structures, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, while six healthy subjects performed the retrieval task for facial identity and emotion, respectively. Under the identity condition, the subjects participated in a yes/no recognition test for neutral faces learned before the scanning. Under the emotion condition, the subjects learned the faces with positive or negative expression and retrieved their expressions from neutral cue faces. The results showed that the left hippocampus is primarily involved in the identification of learned faces, and that the adjacent parahippocampal gyrus responds more to target than to distracter events. These results indicate a specific engagement of the left hippocampal regions in conscious recollection and identification of physiognomic facial features. The activity in the right hippocampus increased under both the identity and emotion conditions. The present results may relate with the functional model of face recognition in which the left hemisphere contributes to the processing of detailed features and the right hemisphere is efficient in the processing of global features. Hippocampus 2003;13:429,436. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pain on injection from propofol may be avoided by changing its formulationACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2010J. A. ALDRETE Background: After using propofol for a decade, pain on injection had been considered routine by patients and medical personnel. When given propofol from a different manufacturer, patients did not complain. Two preparations of propofol were compared. Methods: A comparative, double-blind, randomized study was conducted in 22 adult patients undergoing pain relief procedures; they received sedation by an intravenous injection of 1.7 mg/kg of propofol and then were treated with paravertebral injections. Pain on injection was assessed by verbal complaint, movement of the extremity, of the whole body and recollection of pain at induction, when discharged. Propofol from Baxter Laboratories, mixed with either 5 ml of 2% lidocaine or 5 ml of NaCl 0.9%, was compared with propofol Laboratorios Gray, which was similarly mixed. Injections were randomly administered four times, blindly, to each of 22 patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using the analysis of variance method. Results: A total of 352 propofol injections were given. Each of the four propofol solutions was administered 88 times; of patients receiving Baxter propofol+saline, 74 (84%) had pain; when mixed with 2% lidocaine 45 (50.2%) complained. After propofol Gray with NaCl 0.9% was given, two patients (2.2%) experienced pain. Propofol Gray with 2% lidocaine produced no pain. None of the latter group remembered having pain, whereas, those given propofol Baxter 54 (61.3%) and 26 (29.5%) remembered experiencing pain at injection. Pain on injection was prevented and statistically reduced (<0.01) with the propofol from Laboratorios Gray. Conclusions: By changing the formulation (size of molecules and their dispersion) of propofol, pain on injection was avoided. [source] Surgical site infection , a European perspective of incidence and economic burdenINTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004Article first published online: 9 DEC 200 L'infection du site opératoire- une perspective Européenne de l'incidence et du coût économique Cette etude retrospective des taux rapportés d'infections du site opératoirea été développée afin d'obtenir une échelle d'estimation du probléme et de son incidence économique. Les rechercehs preliminaries dans la literature avaient montré des données incompletes si l'on suivait les données du National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. En élargissant les recherches, les etudes ont été sélectionnées selon le nombre de parameters rapporté, parmi ceux identifies comme critiques pour déterminer précisément les taux d'infection des sites opératoires. Quarante-huit etudes ont été analysées. Aucune des etudes revues ne rapportait tous les items nécesaires à une analyse comparative des taux d'infection du site opératoire. Les variations estimées entre les etudes seléctionnées étaient importantes- 15,20%- une consequence de l'inconstance des méthodes de recollection des données, des critèrres de surveillance et des larges variations des techniques chirurgicales étudiées- souvent non précisées. L'infection du site opératoire contribue largement aux coûts économiques des techniques chirurgicales, avec une moyenne estimée entre 1·47 et 19·1 milliards d'Euros. Cette anjalyse suggère que les taux reels des infections des sites opératoires a été souvent sous-estimée. En consequence, les charges économiques associées le sont aussi. Une amelioration significative dans le protocole d'étude, la recollection des données,leur analyse et leur diffusion sera nécessaire pour permettre que les taux de base d'infections des sites opératoires soient plus précisément évalués afin d'en tirer des consequences sur l'évaluation économique. Chirurgische Wundinfektionen- eine europäische Perspektive bezüglich Inzidienz und ökonomischer Last Diese retrospektive Übersicht bisher publizier chirurgischer Wundinfektionsraten in Europa hatte zum Ziel, eine Einschätzung der Probleme sowie der damit verbundenen ökonomischen Belastung zu evaluieren. Primäre Literaturrecherchen offenbarten unvollständige Datensätze wenn die formulierten Kriterien zur Überwachung nationaler nosokomialer Infektionen angewandt werden. Nach einer erweiterten Literaturrecherche wurden daraufhin die Studien ausgewählt, deren berücksichtigte Parameter den Kriterien zur Ermittlung chirurgischen Infektionsraten am kritischsten entsprachen. 48 Studien wurden analysiert. Keine der ausgewählten Studien berücksichtigte alle Faktoren, die für einen exakten Einschätzung der chirurgischen Wundinfektionsrate notwendig gewesen wäre. Das geschätzte Ausmaß innerhalb der analysierten Studien variierte zwischen 1·5-20%, eine Konsequenz aus Unbeständigkeiten in der Methodik zur Datenerfassung, die einerseits auf den Überwachungskriterien als auch auf den oft unspezifischen Variationen in den angewandten chirurgischen Verfahren beruhte. Dabei trägt die chirurgische Wundinfektionsrate einen wesentlich Anteil an den ökonomischen Kosten chirurgischer Maßnahmen - geschätzte 1,47 bis 19,1 Billionen Euro. Die Analysen lassen vermuten, dass die tatsächliche Rate an Chirurgischen Wundinfektionen unbekannt ist und die angegebenen Daten unterrepräsentiert sind. Konsequenterweise werden auch die ökonomischen Kosten unterschätzt. Eine signifikante Verbesserung des Studiendesigns, der Datensammlungen, Analysen und Berichte sind notwendig damit in Zukunft genauere Infektionsraten chirurgischer Wunden sichergestellt und effektivere Kostenanalysen erstellt werden können. Qualità della vita in relazione allo stato di salute in pazienti con linfedema. Una revisione della letteratura. Questo lavoro revisiona gli studi qualitativi e quantitativi che hanno valutato la qualità della vita (HRQoL) in pazienti con linfedema. Gli studi qualitativi rivelano un numero di fattori che possono influire sulla qualità della vita. Questi includono una carenza di riconoscimento del linfedema da parte del personale medico ed una scarsa informazione fornita ai pazienti. La risposta emotiva include uno stato di shock, paura, fastidio, frustrazione ed immagine negativa. Il trattamento può essere costoso in termini di tempo e distruzione della vita di relazione. Gli studi quantitativi mostrano che i pazienti con linfedema manifestano elevati livelli di disturbi funzionali, ridotto controllo psicologico, ansietà e depressione rispetto alla popolazione generale. Il volume accentuato dell'arto risulta in minima parte influire sull'impatto del linfedema del paziente. I fattori che portano ad un deficit nella qualità della vita includono la frequenza degli episodi di stato infiammatorio, la presenza di dolore, la qualità della cute, il linfedema nella mano predominante e la ridotta mobilità dell'arto. Esiste una certa evidenza che l'adozione di linee guida concentrate sul paziente possono migliorare la qualità della vita dei pazienti con linfedema conseguante a tumore del seno. HRQoL è un fattore importante nella gestione dei pazienti con linfedema. Ulteriori studi devono esaminare il modo in cui il linfedema interagisce con i pazienti al di fuori di quelli affetti da tumore al seno, e le conseguenze verso i pazienti che subiscono differenti protocolli di terapia. Infección en zonas quirúrgicas: Perspectiva europea de incidencia y carga económica El objetivo de esta revisión retrospectiva de las tasas de infección en zonas quirúrgicas, comunicadas en Europa, era obtener una escala estimativa del problema y su subsiguiente carga económica. Las búsquedas bibliográficas preliminares revelaron series de datos incompletos al aplicar los criterios del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Nosocomiales. Tras un ampliación de la búsqueda bibliográfica se seleccionaron estudios, de acuerdo al número de parámetros descritos de aquellos identificados como críticos, para la determinación exacta de tasas de infección en zonas quirúrgicas. Se analizaron 48 estudios. Ninguno de los estudios revisados registraba todos los datos necesarios para permitir una evaluación comparativa de las tasas de infecciones en zonas quirúrgicas. El margen estimado a partir de los estudios seleccionados analizados varió ampliamente, del 1,5 al 20%, a consecuencia de discordancias en los métodos de recogida de datos, los criterios de vigilancia y las amplias variaciones de las intervenciones quirúrgicas investigadas, a menudo no especificadas. Las infecciones en zonas quirúrgicas contribuyen en gran medida a los costes económicos de las intervenciones quirúrgicas; el margen estimado es de 1,47 a 19,1 mil millones ,. El análisis permite suponer que, probablemente, la tasa real de infecciones en zonas quirúrgicas, actualmente desconocida, haya sido infraestimada previamente. En consecuencia, también es probable que dicha infraestimación haya afectado la carga económica asociada. Una mejora significativa del diseño de los estudios, de la recogida de datos, los análisis y los informes será necesaria para garantizar que las tasas basales de infección en zonas quirúrgicas se valoren con más exactitud para permitir la evaluación coste-efectividad en el futuro. [source] Evaluation of negative emotional care experiences in burn careJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 14 2008Björn Wikehult MSc Aim and objective., To assess recollection of negative emotional experiences during burn care. Background., Patients in intensive care frequently report negative emotional experiences. Patients with severe burns who are treated in intensive care units undergo painful care procedures, but there have been no recent evaluations of their care experiences. Design., Former burn patients (n = 42) were randomly assigned to three groups: postal questionnaire, telephone interview and face-to-face interview. Methods., Assessments included negative care experiences (feelings of uncertainty, powerlessness, being afraid, insecure, being a nuisance, or neglected), severity of injury, patient satisfaction, personality traits and psychological symptoms. Results., Overall, the degree of recalled negative experiences was low and associated with greater severity of injury, more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and lower satisfaction with care. The feeling of powerlessness was the most common, as 67% of participants had such feelings to some extent. Conclusions., Overall, negative care experiences were uncommon and most prevalent among the severely injured. Such experiences were also associated with psychological symptoms and lower patient satisfaction. Relevance to clinical practice., Although relatively uncommon, negative emotional care experiences should be monitored more closely during care. [source] Retrospective reports of college students' childhood problemsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Kimberly Renk College students and a subsample of their mothers and fathers participated in a study examining their retrospective reports of childhood emotional and behavioral problems experienced by college students. College students and their mothers and fathers exhibited moderate correspondence in their recollection of internalizing and externalizing problems that college students experienced during their childhood. In contrast, college students tended to endorse significantly greater levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems relative to their mothers and fathers. Current psychological symptoms predicted the greater endorsement of childhood internalizing and externalizing problems by college students and the greater endorsement of college students' childhood internalizing problems by their mothers. Further, college students' current perceptions of their parents predicted their endorsement of childhood internalizing problems, and college students' current masculinity and femininity predicted their endorsement of childhood externalizing problems. Results of this study emphasized the importance of noting factors that may be related to retrospective reports. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] Do aggression and rule-breaking have different interpersonal correlates?AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 6 2009A study of antisocial behavior subtypes, hostile perceptions of others, negative affect Abstract There is mounting evidence that physical aggression and nonaggressive, rule-breaking delinquency constitute two separable though correlated subtypes of antisocial behavior. Even so, it remains unclear whether these behavioral subtypes have meaningfully different interpersonal correlates, particularly as they are subsumed within the same broad domain of antisocial behavior. To evaluate this, we examined whether hostile perceptions of others (assessed via exposure to a series of neutral unknown faces) were linked to level and type of antisocial behavior aggression vs. rule-breaking, and moreover, whether this association persisted even when also considering the common association with negative affect (as manipulated via written recollection of one's best and worst life experiences). Analyses revealed that aggression, but not rule-breaking, was uniquely tied to hostile perceptions of others. Furthermore, this association persisted over and above the common association of both hostile perceptions and aggression with negative affect (at both trait and state levels). Such results provide additional support for clinically meaningful differences between the behavioral subtypes of aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking and for the independent role of hostile perceptions in aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 35:453,461, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Conscious Sedation with Intermittent Midazolam and Fentanyl in Electrophysiology ProceduresJOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001F.A.C.C., ROMAN T. PACHULSKI M.D. Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of intermittent midazolam and fentanyl conscious sedation for electrophysiology procedures (EP). Background: Intermittent midazolam and fentanyl conscious sedation was administered in 700 consecutive cases (175 radiofrequency ablations, 163 EP studies, 261 pacemakers, and 101 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators) for 471 patients (239 males, 51%) mean age 65 ± 15 years. The mean dose of midazolam was 0.063 mg/kg/hr and fentanyl was 0.591,g/kg/hr. Methods: Cardiac rate and rhythm were monitored continuously, while blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation were noninvasively assessed evevy 5 minutes. Drugs were administered in aliquots of 0.5 to 2.0 mg of midazolam and 6.25 to 25 ,g of fentanyl as determined by clinical condition every 15 to 30 minutes. Results: There were no deaths. In no case was endotracheal intubation required. Mild hypoxemia (SaO2 > 80%, but < 90%) occurred in 17 cases (2.4%) and was easily reversed with verbal stimulation and oropharyngeal repositioning (12 cases, 1.7%), increased F1O2 (3 cases, 0.4%), or intravenous naloxone (2 cases, 0.3%). Reversible hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90, but > 60 mmHg) occurred in 14 patients (2.0%) and was corrected with intravenous crystalloid bolus or flumazenil (10 cases, 1.4%) or inotrope infusion (4 cases, 0.6%). No patient stay was prolonged due to sedation. Only five patients (0.7%) had any recollection of the procedure, while two (0.3%) were aware of pain. All hypoxemic episodes occurred during the first hour, whereas 43% (6/14) of hypotensive episodes occurred after the first hour. Conclusion: Conscious sedation with intermittent midazolam and fentanyl is safe and eficacious for a broad range of EP procedures. (J Interven Cardiol 2001; 14:143,146) [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||