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Recent Theoretical Developments (recent + theoretical_development)
Selected AbstractsTaking Others into Account: Self-Interest and Fairness in Majority Decision MakingAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010Jan Sauermann Research on the formal properties of democratic aggregation mechanisms has a long tradition in political science. Recent theoretical developments, however, show that in the discussion of normative contents of democratic decisions, the actual shape of preferences deserves just as much attention. However, our knowledge about the concrete motivations of individual behavior in democratic decisions is incomplete. Using laboratory experiments, this article examines the existence of social preferences in majority decisions. Contrary to earlier experiments of committee decision making, we develop a design that controls for the conditions of communication and the level of information between subjects. This allows us to comparatively test the predictive power of several theories. We find strong evidence that self-interest and fairness motivate human behavior in majority decisions. [source] On the construction of multivariate extreme value models via copulasENVIRONMETRICS, Issue 2 2010F. Durante Abstract Copulas represent a fundamental tool for constructing multivariate probability distributions. Exploiting recent theoretical developments concerning the construction of copulas, we outline several methods for generating multivariate extreme value (MEV) laws having a suitable number of parameters, a feature of great importance in applications. The corresponding random vectors can be efficiently simulated, and easily fitted to empirical data. The use of multivariate return periods for extreme events is also discussed. A practical illustration involving maxima sampled via a network of non-independent gauge stations is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A self-motives perspective on feedback-seeking behavior: Linking organizational behavior and social psychology researchINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS, Issue 3 2007Frederik Anseel Both the feedback-seeking literature in management and the self-motives domain in social psychology have focused on how motives affect the way in which people acquire information for self-evaluation purposes. Despite apparent conceptual similarities, the implications of research in these domains have not been fully integrated. This paper aims to link research on feedback-seeking behavior to recent theoretical developments in social psychology. First, the current perspective in management on feedback-seeking motives is depicted. Second, a well-established framework of self-motives in social psychology is introduced. Third, similarities and differences between these two motivational perspectives are discussed and a first step towards integration is proposed. Fourth, it is demonstrated how a self-motives perspective might guide future research on six key issues. Self-motives might be useful in identifying new antecedents of feedback-seeking behavior, resolving inconsistencies in the feedback-seeking literature, understanding the interplay among feedback-seeking motives, integrating feedback-seeking and feedback reactions research, examining attitudinal outcomes of feedback-seeking motives, and enhancing the feedback,performance relationship. [source] Clinical Learning Environment Inventory: factor analysisJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 6 2010Jennifer M. Newton newton j.m., jolly b.c., ockerby c.m. & cross w.m. (2010) Clinical Learning Environment Inventory: factor analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(6), 1371,1381. Abstract Title.,Clinical Learning Environment Inventory: factor analysis. Aim., This paper is a report of the psychometric testing of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory. Background., The clinical learning environment is a complex socio-cultural entity that offers a variety of opportunities to engage or disengage in learning. The Clinical Learning Environment Inventory is a self-report instrument consisting of 42 items classified into six scales: personalization, student involvement, task orientation, innovation, satisfaction and individualization. It was developed to examine undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of the learning environment whilst on placement in clinical settings. Method., As a component of a longitudinal project, Bachelor of Nursing students (n = 659) from two campuses of a university in Australia, completed the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory from 2006 to 2008. Principal components analysis using varimax rotation was conducted to explore the factor structure of the inventory. Results., Data for 513 students (77%) were eligible for inclusion. Constraining data to a 6-factor solution explained 51% of the variance. The factors identified were: student-centredness, affordances and engagement, individualization, fostering workplace learning, valuing nurses' work, and innovative and adaptive workplace culture. These factors were reviewed against recent theoretical developments in the literature. Conclusion., The study offers an empirically based and theoretically informed extension of the original Clinical Learning Environment Inventory, which had previously relied on ad hoc clustering of items and the use of internal reliability of its sub-scales. Further research is required to establish the consistency of these new factors. [source] The semiotics of language ideologies in Singapore1JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 3 2006Lionel Wee As an ethnically and linguistically diverse society, Singapore has had to grapple with the problem of how to manage this diversity across a range of contexts, thus making it a particularly interesting case study for language ideologies. This paper examines three particular cases taken from the history of Singapore's language policy. In the first situation, the policy remains largely unchanged, varying only in its lexical and textual realizations; in the second, performances in the service of a set of ideologies give rise to potentially serious problems; and in the third, the material consequences of implementing the ideologies lead to changes in the ideologies themselves. By drawing on recent theoretical developments in the study of language ideologies, this paper shows how attention to the sitedness of language ideologies can help provide greater specification and appreciation of the interactional processes by which the ideologies are instantiated. [source] Quasilocal vibrations and the Boson peak in glassesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 11 2004D. A. ParshinArticle first published online: 16 NOV 200 Abstract The problem of the low-frequency harmonic excitations and of the Boson peak in glasses is reviewed in the scope of recent theoretical developments. It is shown that the Boson peak inevitably appears in the reduced density of states g(,)/,2 of quasilocal vibrations in glasses which are additional to phonons harmonic excitations. We show that the same physical mechanism is fundamental for such seemingly different phenomenon as formation of the two-level systems in glasses. The fundamental reason for the Boson peak and two-level system formation is an instability of the spectrum of quasilocal harmonic modes weakly interacting with the high frequency surrounding and with each other. The instability controlled by the anharmonicity creates a new stable universal spectrum of harmonic vibrations with a Boson peak feature. We show that under pressure the Boson peak in glasses is always shifted to higher frequencies. For high enough pressures P the Boson peak frequency ,b , P1/3. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Updating Heider's balance theory in consumer behavior: A Jewish couple buys a German car and additional buying,consuming transformation storiesPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 5 2001Arch G. Woodside Consumer researchers describe Heider's (1958) balance theory without showing how the theory relates to recent theoretical developments in consumer behavior. Empirical examination of the theory is also lacking in consumer-psychology literature. This article updates Heider's balance theory in consumer behavior by developing the theory's links to theories of perceptual, attitudinal, and behavior automaticity and controlled thinking (see Bargh, 1994; Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996) and cognitive-experiential self-theory (Epstein, 1994). Propositions central for applying balance theory to consumer psychology link automatic-controlled memory retrievals and storytelling of unbalanced (i.e., paradoxical) situations that stimulate further thinking and action. Research using storytelling (e.g., see Fischer, 1999; Schank, 1990) methods aids in examining these theory developments empirically. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Disability activism and the politics of scaleTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 2 2003Rob Kitchin In this paper, we examine the role of spatial scale in mediating and shaping political struggles between disabled people and the state. Specifically, we draw on recent theoretical developments concerning the social construction of spatial scale to interpret two case studies of disability activism within Canada and Ireland. In particular, we provide an analysis of how successful the disability movement in each locale has been at ,jumping scale' and enacting change, as well as examining what the consequences of such scaling-up have been for the movement itself. We demonstrate that the political structures operating in each country markedly affect the scaled nature of disability issues and the effectiveness of political mobilization at different scales. Dans cette dissertation, nous examinons le rõle de l'échelle spatiale dans la médiation et le développement des luttes politiques entre les handicapés et l'État. Spécifiquement, nous nous inspirons des récents développements théoriques concernant la structure sociale de l'échelle spatiale pour interpréter deux études de cas d'activisme des handicapés au Canada et en Irlande. Dans ces deux études, nous analysons en particulier le taux de succès obtenu par les mouvements des handicapés dans chacun de ces pays en matière de « saut d'échelle » et pour provoquer un changement. Nous examinons aussi les retombées d'une telle augmentation d'échelle sur le mouvement lui-m,me. Nous démontrons que les structures politiques présentes dans chaque pays affectent profondément la nature hiérarchique des questions d'invalidité et l'efficacité de la mobilisation politique à différentes échelles. [source] MICROFINANCE REVOLUTION: ITS EFFECTS, INNOVATIONS, AND CHALLENGESTHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 1 2010Hisaki KONO F35; O19 "Microfinance revolution" is the term often applied to the successful expansion of small-scale financial services to the poor with high repayment records in developing countries. The present paper investigates the extent to which the microfinance revolution is truly revolutionary. More specifically, it explores the impact of microfinance institutions on the poor, the mechanisms underlying high repayment rates and their innovations, and the new challenges microfinance institutions are currently facing. Different from the existing published survey literature, we focus on current topics and attempt to show recent theoretical developments in a comprehensive manner using simplified models with very similar settings. We contend that microfinance is developing in a promising direction but has yet to reach its full potential. [source] | |||||||||||||