Recent Perspective (recent + perspective)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Recent Perspective on Coronary Bifurcation Intervention: Statement of the "Bifurcation Club in KOKURA"

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
YOSHINOBU MURASATO M.D.
The treatment of coronary bifurcation lesion remains a challenging issue even in the drug-eluting stent era. Frequent restenosis and stent thrombosis have been recently shown to be related not only to geometrical gap or stent structural deformation but also to rheological disturbance. Low wall shear stress at the lateral side of the bifurcation is likely to cause atherosclerotic changes due to easy access of the macrophages that induce chemical mediators. The turbulent flow over stent metal may facilitate accumulation of platelets, which results in thrombosis. The jailed strut and excess metal overlap may increase these risks. Since dramatic changes of the coronary flow pattern at the bifurcation are closely related to the genesis of atherosclerosis, future bifurcation intervention technique should be considered to restore the original physiological state as well as the anatomical structure. This article summarizes the global consensus of the members of the Asian Bifurcation Club and European Bifurcation Club at the KOKURA meeting. It also provides a perspective of basic sciences relating to bifurcation anatomy, physiology, and pathology, in the search for a best strategy for bifurcation intervention. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:295,304) [source]


A Recent Perspective on Alcohol, Immunity, and Host Defense

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 2 2009
Gyongyi Szabo
Background:, Multiple line of clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that both acute, moderate, and chronic, excessive alcohol use result in various abnormalities in the functions of the immune system. Methods:, Medline and Pubmed databases were used to identify published reports with particular interest in the period of 2000,2008 in the subject of alcohol use, infection, inflammation, innate, and adaptive immunity. Results:, This review article summarizes recent findings relevant to acute or chronic alcohol use-induced immunomodulation and its consequences on host defense against microbial pathogens and tissue injury. Studies with in vivo and in vitro alcohol administration are both discussed. The effects of alcohol on lung infections, trauma and burn injury, liver, pancreas, and cardiovascular diseases are evaluated with respect to the role of immune cells. Specific changes in innate immune response and abnormalities in adaptive immunity caused by alcohol intake are detailed. Conclusion:, Altered inflammatory cell and adaptive immune responses after alcohol consumption result in increased incidence and poor outcome of infections and other organ-specific immune-mediated effects. [source]


Recent Perspectives on Leprosy in Medieval Western Europe1

HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2010
Elma Brenner
Responses to leprosy in medieval Western Europe were complex and often contradictory. Recent scholarship has challenged the predominant earlier view that lepers were excluded and stigmatized, suggesting instead that lepers were believed to have been chosen by God to be redeemed, and were thus the objects of sympathy and compassion. Research in the fields of history, archaeology and literature has addressed the social and religious status of lepers, the clinical identity and prevalence of medieval leprosy, and the medieval medical understanding of the disease. Much research has also focused on the endowment and functioning of leper hospitals (leprosaria). Although these institutions were situated outside towns and cities, they were still connected to mainstream society as a key focus of charity. The study of leprosy in the Middle Ages has been a vibrant field of scholarship in recent years , yet much still remains to be discovered about medieval lepers, leprosy and leprosaria. The field would benefit from studies comparing the situation of lepers in different regions, and from greater consideration of leprosy in its broader cultural, political, iconographic and ethical context. Such work would contribute not only to our understanding of leprosy, but also to the wider social, medical and religious history of the medieval West. [source]


Exporting the Local: Recent Perspectives on ,Religion' as a Cultural Category

RELIGION COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2007
Daniel Dubuisson
This article examines new perspectives in the field of religious studies recently opened up by the works of T. Fitzgerald, R. McCutcheon, R. King, T. Masuzawa, G. A. Oddie and D. Dubuisson.1 It begins, however, by taking up the origin and history of these studies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries so as to underline the paradoxes and impasses that still too often characterize them today. Cet article examine quelques-unes des plus récentes perspectives ouvertes dans le domaine des religious studies par les travaux de T. Fitzgerald, R. McCutcheon, R. King, T. Masuzawa, G. A. Oddie et D. Dubuisson. Mais il revient pour commencer sur l'origine et l'histoire de ces études aux XIXe et XXe siècles afin de souligner les paradoxes et apories qui les caractérisent encore trop souvent aujourd'hui. [source]


Tales from the underground: molecular

PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 2 2003
F. PERSELLO-CARTIEAUX
ABSTRACT Colonization of the rhizosphere by micro-organisms results in modifications in plant growth and development. This review examines the mechanisms involved in growth promotion by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria which are divided into indirect and direct effects. Direct effects include enhanced provision of nutrients and the production of phytohormones. Indirect effects involve aspects of biological control: the production of antibiotics and iron-chelating siderophores and the induction of plant resistance mechanisms. The study of the molecular basis of growth promotion demonstrated the important role of bacterial traits (motility, adhesion and growth rate) for colonization. New research areas emerge from the discovery that molecular signalling occurs through plant perception of eubacterial flagellins. Recent perspectives in the molecular genetics of cross-talking mechanisms governing plant,rhizobacteria interactions are also discussed. [source]


Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38: review of bioanalytical methods and recent update from clinical pharmacology perspectives

BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2010
Mullangi Ramesh
Abstract The introduction of irinotecan has revolutionized the applicability of camptothecins as predominant topoisomerase I inhibitor for anti-cancer therapy. The potent anti-tumor activity of irinotecan is due to rapid formation of an in vivo active metabolite, SN-38. Therefore, irinotecan is considered as a pro-drug to generate SN-38. Over the past decade, side-by-side with the clinical advancement of the use of irinotecan in the oncology field, a plethora of bioanalytical methods have been published to quantify irinotecan, SN-38 and other metabolites. Because of the availability of HPLC, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, the pharmacokinetic profiling of irinotecan and its metabolites has been accomplished in multiple species, including cancer patients. The developed assays continue to find use in the optimization of newly designed delivery systems with regard to pharmacokinetics to promote safe and effective use of either irinotecan or SN-38. This review intends to: firstly, provide an exhaustive compilation of the published assays for irinotecan, SN-38 and other metabolite(s) of irinotecan, as applicable; secondly, to enumerate the validation parameters and applicable conclusions; and thirdly, provide some recent perspectives in the clinical pharmacology arena pertaining to efflux transporters, pediatric profiling, role of kidney function in defining toxicity, drug,drug interaction potential of irinotecan, etc. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]