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Recent Infection (recent + infection)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Human immunodeficiency virus serotyping on dried serum spots as a screening tool for the surveillance of the AIDS epidemic

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue S1 2006
Francis Barin
Abstract Many studies have demonstrated the utility of the dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma/serum spot (DSS) method for serological and molecular diagnosis of HIV infection. Here, we report on the description of a serotyping assay performed on DSS, and its application to a national surveillance program of HIV variants. We combined serotyping assays that we developed previously to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2, between HIV-1 group O and HIV-1 group M, and between B and non-B subtypes of HIV-1 group M. The assays are based on antibody binding to either the immunodominant epitope of gp41 or the V3 domain of gp120 of these various types, groups and subtypes. Therefore, a unique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format applied to serum eluted from DSS allowed the simultaneous discrimination between infections caused by HIV-1 B, HIV-1 non-B, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2. Together, this serotyping assay and an immunoassay for recent infection were used for a virological surveillance linked to the anonymous mandatory notification of HIV infection in France. The preliminary results of this virological surveillance allowed us to obtain estimates of the prevalence of the rare variants HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O. It also allowed identification of the two first cases of M/O dual infections reported outside the endemic group O region of the western part of equatorial Africa, and showed that non-B subtypes circulate widely in France, almost 50% of new HIV diagnoses in 2003 being due to these variants. J. Med. Virol. 78:S13,S18, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Flaviviruses in motor neuron disease

MUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 1 2005
Roger Pamphlett MD
Abstract Sporadic motor neuron disease (MND) causes a progressive loss of motor neurons. West Nile virus can attack motor neurons, so we examined whether flavivirus infection could be detected in MND cases. Spinal cord sections from 22 MND cases were stained immunohistochemically with a flavivirus-specific antibody. No staining for flavivirus was seen in any case. Sporadic MND does not appear to arise from a recent infection with a flavivirus. Muscle Nerve, 2005 [source]

Immunoglobulin IgG Fc-receptor polymorphisms and HLA class II molecules in Guillain,Barré syndrome

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2010
S. Sinha
Sinha S, Prasad KN, Jain D, Nyati KK, Pradhan S, Agrawal S. Immunoglobulin IgG Fc-receptor polymorphisms and HLA class II molecules in Guillain,Barré syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 21,26. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objective,,, To analyze host genetic factors immunoglobulin G Fc receptors (Fc,Rs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II in GBS patients. Methods,,, Fc,RIIA, IIIA and IIIB polymorphisms were studied in 80 each GBS patients and healthy controls by allele specific PCR. HLA class II DR,1 and DQ,1 typing was performed at the two-digit level by PCR in randomly selected 54 GBS patients and 202 controls. Results,,, Fc,RIIA-H/H (56% vs 9%; P < 0.0001) and Fc,RIIIA-V/V (40% vs 13%; P < 0.0001) genotypes, H131 allele frequencies (0.73 vs 0.26, P < 0.0001) and HLA DQ,1*060x (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.26,3.04; P < 0.01) were significantly increased in GBS than controls. DR,1*0701 alone (OR, 10; 95% CI, 45.90,2.25; P < 0.001) and together with Fc,RIIA-H/H (OR, 11.03; 95% CI, 2.63,46.20; P < 0.001) was significantly associated with GBS patients having microbiological evidence of recent infection. Conclusions,,, The study indicates that homozygous Fc,RIIA and Fc,RIIIA genotypes and Fc,RIIA H131 allele are associated with GBS. HLA class II molecule DR,1*0701 is identified as novel genetic risk factor for development of GBS in patients with preceding infection. [source]

Seroprevalence of pertussis antitoxin (anti-PT) in Sweden before and 10 years after the introduction of a universal childhood pertussis vaccination program

APMIS, Issue 12 2009
HANS O. HALLANDER
The prevalence of IgG ELISA antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti-PT) was studied in two Swedish seroepidemiological studies. One was performed in 1997 when the new pertussis vaccination program was 1 year old (n = 3420). In 2007, when Pa vaccines had been used countrywide for 10 years in the universal child vaccination program, this study was repeated to analyze the effect of vaccination on anti-PT prevalence (n = 2379). Before the statistical analysis of seroprevalence, children vaccinated within the last 2 years before the serosurveys were excluded. The results indicate a reduced exposure to Bordetella pertussis in the population. The proportion of sera without measurable anti-PT antibodies increased significantly, aggregated over all comparable age groups, from 3.8% in people sampled in 1997 to 16.3% in people sampled in 2007. For cord blood, 1% was without measurable anti-PT antibodies in 1997 compared to a significantly higher level, 12%, in 2007. With anti-PT concentrations of ,50 and ,100 EU/ml as cutoff points for ,recent infection' the proportion above the cutoff points for younger children was significantly higher in 1997 than in 2007 at both cutoff points. For all adults, 20 years of age and older, the difference in proportions above the lower cutoff point was close to statistically significant, comparing 1997 with 2007. This was not the case at 100 EU/ml. In the 1997 samples of children, there was a significant downward trend of ,recent infections' at both cutoff points for three sampled age groups between 5 and 15 years of age from 21% at 5.0,5.5 years of age to 7% at 14.7,15.7 years for the lowest cutoff. In the 2007 samples of children, on the contrary, there was a significant continuous upward trend of ,recent infections', at both cutoff points, for four sampled age groups between 4 and 18 years of age , from 4% at 4,5 years of age to 16% at 17,18 years at the lowest cutoff. The continuous increase, with age of children with high anti-PT concentrations, supports the recent change in the general Swedish childhood vaccination program to include a pre-school booster at 5,6 years and a school-leaving booster at 14,16 years of age. [source]