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Reciprocal Influences (reciprocal + influence)
Selected AbstractsReciprocal Influences Among Relational Self-Views, Social Disengagement, and Peer Stress During Early AdolescenceCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2004Melissa S. Caldwell This study examined reciprocal-influence models of the association between relational self-views and peer stress during early adolescence. The first model posited that adolescents with negative self-views disengage from peers, creating stress in their relationships. The second model posited that exposure to peer stress fosters social disengagement, which elicits negative self-views. Participants were 605 early adolescents (M age=11.7). As part of a 3-wave longitudinal study adolescents reported on self-views and stress, and teachers reported on social disengagement. As hypothesized, negative self-views predicted social disengagement, which contributed to peer stress. Stress predicted subsequent disengagement and negative self-views. These findings suggest that adolescents and their environments participate in reciprocal-influence processes that account for cross-temporal continuity in personal attributes of youth and their social experiences. [source] Reciprocal influence of HIV and HCV infections in co-infected patients and the involvement of HAARTCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 3 2003C. Tamalet The reciprocal influence of HIV-HCV co-infection was established prior to the era of highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) and continues to be a topic of debate, including the question of which infection to treat first. [source] Social Networks and the Elderly: Conceptual and Clinical Issues, and a Family ConsultationFAMILY PROCESS, Issue 3 2000Carlos E. Sluzki M.D. After a general introduction to the construct "social networks," this article discusses the progressive transformation of the personal social network,family, friends and acquaintances, work and leisure relationships, et cetera,as individuals reach an advanced age. This is followed by a summary and discussion of a clinical consultation, with an emphasis on the reciprocal influence between individual and social network. [source] Assessing the longitudinal course of depression and economic integration of south-east Asian refugees: an application of latent growth curve analysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002K.A.S. Wickrama Abstract This paper has both methodological and substantive application for mental-health researchers. Methodologically, it presents the latent growth curve (LGC) technique within a structural equation modelling (SEM) framework as a powerful tool to analyse change in depressive symptoms and potential correlates of such changes. The rationale for LGC analysis and subsequent elaboration of this statistical approach are presented. The limitations of traditional analytical methods are also addressed. Substantively, the paper considers socio-contextual factors as correlates of change in symptoms, and examines the dynamic systematic relationship with the degree of economic integration of south-east Asian immigrants in Canada over time. Using the LGC technique, this study also investigated how the longitudinal course of sub-clinical depression places individuals at risk for developing full-blown major depression. The LGC results provided strong evidence for the reciprocal influence between economic integration and subclinical depression of immigrants. The initial level of economic integration negatively influenced the rate of change in subclinical depression whereas the initial level of sub-clinical depression negatively influenced the rate of change in economic integration. Both initial level and the rate of change in subclinical depression placed individuals at risk for full-blown major depression. However, traditional auto-regressive models were not capable of revealing these dynamic associations. Thus, an investigation of within-individual change in symptoms and potential correlates of such changes is necessary to understand the process that results in full-blown mental disorder. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Tests for presynaptic modulation of corticospinal terminals from peripheral afferents and pyramidal tract in the macaqueTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006A. Jackson The efficacy of sensory input to the spinal cord can be modulated presynaptically during voluntary movement by mechanisms that depolarize afferent terminals and reduce transmitter release. It remains unclear whether similar influences are exerted on the terminals of descending fibres in the corticospinal pathway of Old World primates and man. We investigated two signatures of presynaptic inhibition of the macaque corticospinal pathway following stimulation of the peripheral nerves of the arm (median, radial and ulnar) and the pyramidal tract: (1) increased excitability of corticospinal axon terminals as revealed by changes in antidromically evoked cortical potentials, and (2) changes in the size of the corticospinal monosynaptic field potential in the spinal cord. Conditioning stimulation of the pyramidal tract increased both the terminal excitability and monosynaptic fields with similar time courses. Excitability was maximal between 7.5 and 10 ms following stimulation and returned to baseline within 40 ms. Conditioning stimulation of peripheral nerves produced no statistically significant effect in either measure. We conclude that peripheral afferents do not exert a presynaptic influence on the corticospinal pathway, and that descending volleys may produce autogenic terminal depolarization that is correlated with enhanced transmitter release. Presynaptic inhibition of afferent terminals by descending pathways and the absence of a reciprocal influence of peripheral input on corticospinal efficacy would help to preserve the fidelity of motor commands during centrally initiated movement. [source] The personality-identity interplay in emerging adult women: convergent findings from complementary analysesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2006Koen Luyckx Abstract The present study examined whether identity development occurs in tandem with personality development in emerging adulthood. Three-wave longitudinal data on a sample of 351 female college students were used to answer questions about stability and change, direction of effects, and interrelated developmental trajectories. Four identity dimensions (i.e. commitment making, exploration in breadth, identification with commitment, and exploration in depth) and the Big Five were assessed. Identity and personality were found to be meaningfully related at the level of both the time-specific adjacent measures and the underlying developmental trajectories with various degrees of convergence. Cross-lagged analyses substantiated reciprocal influences and Latent Growth Curve Modelling substantiated common developmental pathways that partially mirrored the concurrent relations. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The "externalization" of labour lawINTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW, Issue 1-2 2009Antonio OJEDA AVILÉS Abstract. The powerful process of labour law adjustment which, for some three decades, experts have looked upon as one of fragmentation , not to say disintegration , into evermore disconnected subfields is turning into a general trend that looks set to take on a structural dimension. An expansionary drive is indeed taking labour law into alien territories, seemingly jeopardizing its identity and traditional boundaries, albeit with a symbiotic interchange of reciprocal influences. This article analyses six avenues of expansion which have been observed in Europe and in some American and Asian countries. [source] Beyond Transactions: On the Interpersonal Dimension of Economic RealityANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2000Benedetto Gui The paper investigates the interpersonal dimension of economic reality,i.e. the reciprocal influences between interpersonal phenomena of a communicative\affective nature and usual economic phenomena. A face-to-face interaction, or ,encounter', is depicted as a special productive process in which agents,besides exchanging ordinary goods or delivering services,create and simultaneously consume ,relational goods'. Inputs include ,relational assets',;e.g. relation-specific information, or the social climate of a workshop,;which in turn are affected by encounters. Consideration of relational goods and assets broadens the economists' perspective in several directions. [source] Culture and the brain: Opportunities and obstaclesASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Haotian Zhou A major evolutionary advance of humans is a mind that is capable of constructing, perpetuating, adapting to, and exploiting culture. The birth of cultural neuroscience reflects the growing realization that a full account of the human mind requires understanding of the multiple and reciprocal influences between the biological and the sociocultural. In the present paper, we illustrate how attention to the brain, as exemplified in functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) studies of sociocultural processes, contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the human mind. We end by discussing a set of challenges facing researchers using fMRI and the possible means for dealing with these challenges. [source] | ||||||||||||||||