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Real-time Ultrasound (real-time + ultrasound)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences60%

Selected Abstracts

Improving Market Selection for Fed Beef Cattle: The Value of Real-Time Ultrasound and Relations Data

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2004
Allan M. Walburger
The introduction of value-based marketing has provided the industry with the means to price cattle based on their desired attributes and has provided an alternative marketing channel for producers to select. Gains can be made by selecting animals that will be "in the grid" for value-based marketing channels while screening out animals that won't and sending them to dressed-value or live-weight marketing channels. This study estimates the gains from using real-time ultrasound (RTU) as well as information on graded animal relations (i.e., animals that have the same parentage slaughtered and graded in previous years) to predict carcass quality and yield grades prior to slaughter. These predictions are used in an optimization model designed to select the marketing channel for individual animals that will maximize returns. The optimal marketing strategy from this study involves a mix of live-weight, dressed-weight and grid sales methods rather than marketing all of the animals together. The results suggest that increases in returns in the range of $0.61,27.26 per head from using relations data, $9.04-16.75 per head from using RTU measures and $11.27-27.93 per head from using both to selectively market beef animals. These estimates do not account for the gains that could be obtained from using RTU to improve market timing, i.e., to time when the animal will grade best. L'avènement du marketing en fonction de la valeur du produit a permis à l'industrie de fixer le prix des bovins d'après les paramètres recherchés et a créé une nouvelle filière commerciale pour les éleveurs. En effet, ces derniers peuvent accroître leurs revenus en choisissant les animaux qui présentent les caractéristiques souhaitées et en confinant ceux qui ne les possèdent pas aux filières qui se contentent du poids de la carcasse ou du poids vif. L'auteur a estimé les gains réalisables lorsqu'on recourt aux relevés aux ultrasons en temps réel (RUTR) et aux données sur les parents de l'animal classés antérieurement (à savoir, les sujets abattus et classés dans le passé qui présentent un lien avec l'animal auquel on s'intéresse) pour prévoir la qualité de la carcasse et la catégorie de rendement avant l'abattage. Il a ensuite appliqué ces prévisions à un modèle d'optimisation permettant d'établir à quelle filière affecter les animaux en vue d'en tirer le meilleur revenu. Cette stratégie d'optimisation commerciale fait appel à diverses méthodes de vente (poids vif, carcasse, en grille) plutôt qu'à une mise en marché globale des animaux. Les résultats indiquent que l'usage des données sur la filiation pour commercialiser les animaux de manière sélective accroît les revenus de 10,61 $à 27,26 $ par tête, contre 9,04 $à 16,75 $ par tête pour les RUTR et de 11,27 $à 27,93 $ par tête pour les deux méthodes combinées. Ces estimations ne tiennent pas compte des gains réalisables lorsqu'on se sert des RUTR pour déterminer le moment idéal où mettre en marché l'animal, à savoir celui où il obtiendra le meilleur classement. [source]

Real-time ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia in patients with a challenging spinal anatomy: two case reports

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010
K. J. CHIN
Spinal anesthesia may be challenging in patients with poorly palpable surface landmarks or abnormal spinal anatomy. Pre-procedural ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine can help by providing additional anatomical information, thus permitting a more accurate estimation of the appropriate needle insertion site and trajectory. However, actual needle insertion in the pre-puncture ultrasound- assisted technique remains a ,blind' procedure. We describe two patients with an abnormal spinal anatomy in whom ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia was unsuccessful. Successful dural puncture was subsequently achieved using a technique of real-time ultrasound- guided spinal anesthesia. This may be a useful option in patients in whom landmark-guided and ultrasound-assisted techniques have failed. [source]

Maternal perception of foetal movement compared with movement detected by real-time ultrasound: An exploratory study

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Zina R. HIJAZI
In this exploratory study, women perceived 35.8% of 763 foetal movements seen on 14 ultrasound scans, with increased sensitivity when movements involved more than one foetal body part (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.232,2.999), contacted the uterus (adjusted OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.653,3.995) and were of increasing duration (adjusted OR: 9.33, 95% CI: 5.616,15.513). These findings may inform future studies of the importance of and ability to improve women's perception of foetal movements. [source]

Success of Ultrasound-guided Peripheral Intravenous Access with Skin Marking

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 8 2008
Jessica R. Resnick MD
Abstract Objectives:, The most effective technique for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access (USGPIVA) is unknown. In the traditional short-axis technique (locate, align, puncture [LAP]), the target vessel is aligned in short axis with the center of the transducer. The needle is then directed toward the target under real-time ultrasound (US) guidance. Locate, align, mark, puncture (LAMP) requires the extra step of marking the skin at two points over the path of the vein and proceeding with direct visualization as in LAP. The difference in success between these two techniques was compared among variably experienced emergency physician and emergency nurse operators. Methods:, Subjects in an urban academic emergency department (ED) were randomized to obtain intravenous (IV) access using either LAP or LAMP after two failed blind attempts. Primary outcomes were success of the procedure and time to complete the procedure in variably experienced operators. Results:, A total of 101 patients were enrolled. There was no difference in success between LAP and LAMP, even among the least experienced operators. Of successful attempts, LAMP took longer than LAP (median 4 minutes, interquartile range [IQR] 4,10.5 vs. median 2.9 minutes, IQR 1.6,7; p = 0.004). Only the most experienced operators were associated with higher levels of success (first attempt odds ratio [OR] 6.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2 to 22). Overall success with up to two attempts was 73%. Complications included a 2.8% arterial puncture rate and 12% infiltration rate. Conclusions:, LAMP did not improve success of USGPIVA in variably experienced operators. Experience was associated with higher rates of success for USGPIVA. [source]

Improving Market Selection for Fed Beef Cattle: The Value of Real-Time Ultrasound and Relations Data

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2004
Allan M. Walburger
The introduction of value-based marketing has provided the industry with the means to price cattle based on their desired attributes and has provided an alternative marketing channel for producers to select. Gains can be made by selecting animals that will be "in the grid" for value-based marketing channels while screening out animals that won't and sending them to dressed-value or live-weight marketing channels. This study estimates the gains from using real-time ultrasound (RTU) as well as information on graded animal relations (i.e., animals that have the same parentage slaughtered and graded in previous years) to predict carcass quality and yield grades prior to slaughter. These predictions are used in an optimization model designed to select the marketing channel for individual animals that will maximize returns. The optimal marketing strategy from this study involves a mix of live-weight, dressed-weight and grid sales methods rather than marketing all of the animals together. The results suggest that increases in returns in the range of $0.61,27.26 per head from using relations data, $9.04-16.75 per head from using RTU measures and $11.27-27.93 per head from using both to selectively market beef animals. These estimates do not account for the gains that could be obtained from using RTU to improve market timing, i.e., to time when the animal will grade best. L'avènement du marketing en fonction de la valeur du produit a permis à l'industrie de fixer le prix des bovins d'après les paramètres recherchés et a créé une nouvelle filière commerciale pour les éleveurs. En effet, ces derniers peuvent accroître leurs revenus en choisissant les animaux qui présentent les caractéristiques souhaitées et en confinant ceux qui ne les possèdent pas aux filières qui se contentent du poids de la carcasse ou du poids vif. L'auteur a estimé les gains réalisables lorsqu'on recourt aux relevés aux ultrasons en temps réel (RUTR) et aux données sur les parents de l'animal classés antérieurement (à savoir, les sujets abattus et classés dans le passé qui présentent un lien avec l'animal auquel on s'intéresse) pour prévoir la qualité de la carcasse et la catégorie de rendement avant l'abattage. Il a ensuite appliqué ces prévisions à un modèle d'optimisation permettant d'établir à quelle filière affecter les animaux en vue d'en tirer le meilleur revenu. Cette stratégie d'optimisation commerciale fait appel à diverses méthodes de vente (poids vif, carcasse, en grille) plutôt qu'à une mise en marché globale des animaux. Les résultats indiquent que l'usage des données sur la filiation pour commercialiser les animaux de manière sélective accroît les revenus de 10,61 $à 27,26 $ par tête, contre 9,04 $à 16,75 $ par tête pour les RUTR et de 11,27 $à 27,93 $ par tête pour les deux méthodes combinées. Ces estimations ne tiennent pas compte des gains réalisables lorsqu'on se sert des RUTR pour déterminer le moment idéal où mettre en marché l'animal, à savoir celui où il obtiendra le meilleur classement. [source]