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Real Challenge (real + challenge)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	28%

Selected Abstracts

Complex Formation in the Region of Metal Hydrolysis and M(OH)2 Precipitation.

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 7 2006
(AMPSO)x, (OH)y, (OH)y Systems, A Glass Electrode Potentiometric, Polarographic Study of Cd
Abstract The interaction between cadmium or zinc and AMPSO was investigated by DCP and GEP, at fixed total ligand to total metal concentration ratios and various pH values, at 25.0,°C and 0.1,M KNO3 ionic strength. For Cd,(AMPSO)x,(OH)y system, CdL and CdL(OH) species, were identified, with stability constants values set to (as log,,): 2.1±0.1 and 6.2±0.2, respectively. For Zn,(AMPSO)x,(OH)y system, the proposed final model with stability constants set to (as log,,) is: ZnL=2.5±0.1 and ZnL(OH)2=12.9±0.2. For both systems, the fact that AMPSO deprotonation occurs in the metal hydrolysis and M(OH)2 precipitation and the complexes formed are not too strong added a real challenge to data interpretation. [source]

Estimation of immigration rate using integrated population models

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Fitsum Abadi
Summary 1.,The dynamics of many populations is strongly affected by immigrants. However, estimating and modelling immigration is a real challenge. In the past, several methods have been developed to estimate immigration rate but they either require strong assumptions or combine in a piecewise manner the results from separate analyses. In most methods the effects of covariates cannot be modelled formally. 2.,We developed a Bayesian integrated population model which combines capture,recapture data, population counts and information on reproductive success into a single model that estimates and models immigration rate, while directly assessing the impact of environmental covariates. 3.,We assessed parameter identifiability by comparing posterior distributions of immigration rates under varying priors, and illustrated the application of the model with long term demographic data of a little owl Athene noctua population from Southern Germany. We further assessed the impact of environmental covariates on immigration. 4.,The resulting posterior distributions were insensitive to different prior distributions and dominated by the observed data, indicating that the immigration rate was identifiable. Average yearly immigration into the little owl population was 0·293 (95% credible interval 0·183,0·418), which means that ca 0·3 female per resident female entered the population every year. Immigration rate tended to increase with increasing abundance of voles, the main prey of little owls. 5.Synthesis and applications. The means to estimate and model immigration is an important step towards a better understanding of the dynamics of geographically open populations. The demographic estimates obtained from the developed integrated population model facilitate population diagnoses and can be used to assess population viability. The structural flexibility of the model should constitute a useful tool for wildlife managers and conservation ecologists. [source]

Clinical interpretation of Fibroscan® results: a real challenge

LIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2010
Jérôme Boursier
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Functionalization of Shortened Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Poly(p -dioxanone) by "Grafting-From" Approach

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 9 2004
Kuk Ro Yoon
Abstract Summary: It has been a real challenge to form carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites where CNTs are well-dispersed in the polymer matrix and the interactions between CNTs and polymers are effectively strong. In this paper, we applied surface-initiated, ring-opening polymerization (SI-ROP) of p -dioxanone (PDX) to shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) and successfully formed s-SWCNT/PPDX composites (see Figure). Due to intimate interactions between s-SWCNTs and PPDX, we observed dramatic changes in PPDX properties upon the formation of the composites: 10%-weight-loss-temperature of PPDX increased by 20,°C (measured by thermogravimetric analysis) and the patterns of Tg and Tm were greatly altered. We did not observe any noticeable peaks from the composite up to 120,°C in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while DSC data of PPDX itself showed Tg and Tm at ,13.4 and 103,°C respectively. Schematic representation of the procedure for formation of s-SWCNT/PPDX composites. [source]

MEMORY FOUNDATIONALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF UNFORGOTTEN CARELESSNESS

PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2008
ROBERT SCHROER
In this paper, I explore this objection. I begin by distinguishing between two versions of it: One where I seem to remember that P while also seeming to remember being careless in my original believing that P and the other where I seem to remember that P while not seeming to remember my past carelessness. I argue that the former case is the real challenge for memory foundationalism. After establishing the case of unforgotten carelessness as objection to memory foundationalism, I recast memory foundationalism in way that allows it to escape this objection. [source]

Ends that make a difference: Boldly creating the future

BOARD LEADERSHIP: POLICY GOVERNANCE IN ACTION, Issue 81 2005
John Carver
John Carver urges boards to leap beyond the simple matter of whether this or that is really an ends issue and move on to the real challenge: to set ever higher ends expectations. Boards spend far too much time fussing with the ends concept rather than using it. One of Carver's reasons for constructing the Policy Governance model was to enable boards powerfully and unrelentingly to impel managerial performance. The preliminary requirement for that is to focus on the right things free of the clutter which the ends-means concept enables. But for boards to demand doable but increasingly extraordinary performance requires that they add the human elements of farsightedness, daring, and leadership. The following is an adaptation of Carver's keynote address to the annual con-ference of the International Policy Governance Association in Phoenix, June 3, 2005. [source]

Increased Diversity and Deepened Uncertainty: Policy Challenges in a Zero-Inflation Economy,

INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 3 2007
Kiyohiko G. Nishimura
The world economy today shows ,great diversity'. There are multiple engines of growth in various regions around the globe. Risks are diversified, as many novel financial products are being introduced and sold to a continuing flow of newcomers to the financial world. This increased diversity seems to deepen uncertainty surrounding monetary policy in two respects. First, coupled with increased competition, it may make prices less responsive to short-run demand changes than before, thus making monetary transmission mechanism less certain. In fact, Japanese IS and Phillips curves seem increasingly uncertain in the past 15 years. Second, we are in transition between one financial structure of little diversification and another of great diversification. In a transition period, information is scarce and rapidly becomes obsolete, posing real challenges to financial stability. I argue that the flexible gradualism, which the Bank has now adopted, is a prudent way to cope with such deepened uncertainty. [source]