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Terms modified by Real Selected AbstractsTHE DEATH PENALTY FOR DRUGS IS A VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW; EFFICACY,WHETHER REAL OR IMAGINED,PROVIDES NO EXCUSEADDICTION, Issue 12 2009RICK LINES No abstract is available for this article. [source] Scalp tumour as a sign of systemic B-cell lymphomaJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 2 2004S Magina ABSTRACT An 86-year-old man presented with a painful reddish tumour on the scalp with a 3-month history, mental confusion with recent onset and lymphadenopathies. Histological examination of the lymph node and cutaneous lesion revealed a dense infiltrate of atypical and large B cells. There was no evidence of bone marrow invasion. According to REAL (Revised European,American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms), this lymphoma was considered as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with concurrent cutaneous and nodal involvement. Cerebral computerized tomography (CT) scan showed bone and dura mater invasion in the right parieto-occipital region with collapse of lateral ventricle. The patient was submitted to systemic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone (CVP). There was a good response with regression of the cutaneous lesion, but the patient died after the third cycle. We point out the unusual clinical presentation and aggressive behaviour of this lymphoma. [source] WHO IS THE "REAL" FATHER OF HPT?PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, Issue 7 2007Donald T. Tosti CPT First page of article [source] "PROTECTION AND REAL WAGES": THE HISTORY OF AN IDEATHE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2006RONALD W JONES Few economics articles have achieved the celebrity that still attaches to the paper, "Protection and Real Wages", by Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson in (1941). In this paper I discuss how the Stolper-Samuelson theorem has been re-interpreted over subsequent decades, and how attempts to generalize the theorem to higher dimensions have met with qualified results. The theorem leads to a simple proposition in political economy: in competitive models any productive factor can have its real return increased by a non-transparent policy whereby relative commodity prices are altered if there are enough commodities and joint production, is not too severe. [source] Meeting Real,Time Traffic Flow Forecasting Requirements with Imprecise ComputationsCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2003Brian L. Smith This article explores the ability of imprecise computations to address real,time computational requirements in infrastructure control and management systems. The research in this area focuses on the development of nonparametric regression as a means to forecast traffic flow rates for transportation management systems. Nonparametric regression is a forecasting technique based on nearest neighbor searching, in which forecasts are derived from past observations that are similar to current conditions. A key concern regarding nonparametric regression is the significant time required to search for nearest neighbors in large databases. The results presented in this article indicate that approximate nearest neighbors, which are imprecise computations as applied to nonparametric regression, may be used to adequately speed the execution time of nonparametric regression, with acceptable degradations in forecast accuracy. The article concludes with a demonstration of the use of genetic algorithms as a design aid for real,time algorithms employing imprecise computations. [source] The (Real)politiks of Culture: U.S. Cultural Diplomacy in Unesco, 1946,1954*DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 2 2006S. E. Graham First page of article [source] Surgery for Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm into Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Role of Intraoperative 2D and Real Time 3D Transesophageal EchocardiographyECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 7 2010Shrinivas Gadhinglajkar M.D. A major limitation of the 2D echocardiography during surgery for a complex cardiac lesion is its inability to provide an accurate spatial orientation of the structure. The real time 3D transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D-TEE) technology available in Philips IE 33 ultrasound machine is relatively new to an operation suite. We evaluated its intraoperative utility in a patient, who was operated for repair of a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSOVA) and closure of a supracristal ventricular septal defect. The VSD and RSOVA were visualized through different virtual windows in a more promising way on intraoperative RT-3D-TEE than on the 2D echocardiography. The acquired images could be virtually cropped and displayed in anatomical views to the operating surgeon for a clear orientation to the anatomy of the lesion. RT-3D-TEE is a potential intraoperative monitoring tool in surgeries for complex cardiac lesions. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E65-E69) [source] Testing Times: Questions concerning assessment for school improvementEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2009Nick Peim Abstract Contemporary education now appears to be dominated by the continual drive for improvement measured against the assessment of what students have learned. It is our contention that a foundational relation with assessment organises contemporary education. Here we draw on a ,way of thinking' that is deconstructive in its intent. Such thinking makes clear the vicious circularity of the argument for improvement, wherein assessment valorised in discourses of improvement provides not only a rationalisation for improvement via assessment, but also the very means of achieving such possibilities via targets grounded in limited specifications of assessment. On reading Heidegger's ,question concerning technology' we sought to reconsider the vicious circle of improvement in relation to Being. We claim that the means-ends driven technology of assessment, rather than being at our disposal and under our control, only serves to reveals the Real to us in accordance with the restricting principle of reason. The principle of reason, we argue, grounds ,Enframing' that ranks and orders the very beings of education as objects to produce an objective ,world as picture', rather than opening the possibility of their identity as belongings with a movement of difference. So, ,improvement' becomes normative and binding for institutions and practices on grounds of the principle of assessment, and renders agents of education as functionaries of ,Enframing'. [source] Changes in Quality of Life in Epilepsy: How Large Must They Be to Be Real?EPILEPSIA, Issue 1 2001Samuel Wiebe Summary: ,Purpose: The study goal was to assess the magnitude of change in generic and epilepsy-specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments needed to exclude chance or error at various levels of certainty in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Methods: Forty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and clearly defined criteria of clinical stability received HRQOL measurements twice, 3 months apart, using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-89 and -31 (QOLIE-89 and QOLIE-31), Liverpool Impact of Epilepsy, adverse drug events, seizure severity scales, and the Generic Health Utilities Index (HUI-III). Standard error of measurement and test-retest reliability were obtained for all scales and for QOLIE-89 subscales. Using the Reliable Change Index described by Jacobson and Truax, we assessed the magnitude of change required by HRQOL instruments to be 90 and 95% certain that real change has occurred, as opposed to change due to chance or measurement error. Results: Clinical features, point estimates and distribution of HRQOL measures, and test-retest reliability (all > 0.70) were similar to those previously reported. Score changes of ±13 points in QOLIE-89, ±15 in QOLIE-31, ±6.3 in Liverpool seizure severity,ictal, ±11 in Liverpool adverse drug events, ±0.25 in HUI-III, and ±9.5 in impact of epilepsy exclude chance or measurement error with 90% certainty. These correspond, respectively, to 13, 15, 17, 18, 25, and 32% of the potential range of change of each instrument. Conclusions: Threshold values for real change varied considerably among HRQOL tools but were relatively small for QOLIE-89, QOLIE-31, Liverpool Seizure Severity, and adverse drug events. In some instruments, even relatively large changes cannot rule out chance or measurement error. The relation between the Reliable Change Index and other measures of change and its distinction from measures of minimum clinically important change are discussed. [source] Prioritisation of data partitioned MPEG,4 video over mobile networks,EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2001Stewart T. Worrall Despite much research in the field of mobile multimedia, delivery of real,time,interactive video over noisy wireless channels remains a challenging problem. Two of the major issues in providing true end,to,end mobile multimedia capability are interoperability between platforms and networks and the poor performance of video compression algorithms in error,prone environments. This paper presents a method for prioritising data partitioned MPEG,4 video in a way suitable for transmission over a mobile network. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated by examining the performance when transmitted using the Real,Time Transport protocol over GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) data channels under varying channel conditions. [source] FEM-Simulation of Real and Artificial Microstructures of Mo-Si-B Alloys for Elastic Properties and Comparison with Analytical Methods,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 10 2007G. Biragoni Various three phase microstructures of Mo-Si-B alloys were simulated in tensile loading conditions using a 2D finite element method to predict the elastic properties of the composite material. Voronoi structures with the same areal fraction of phases as the real microstructures have been generated and simulated similarly. Also, with these Voronoi structures a variation of grain or phase sizes, respectively, was carried out for different compositions in order to study on the elastic properties of the composite. Finally, a comparison was made over the whole temperature range between the above numerical methods, classical analytical approaches and experimentally determined values for Young's modulus E, shear modulus G and Poisson's ratio ,. [source] (RE)PRODUCING A "PERIPHERAL" REGION , NORTHERN SWEDEN IN THE NEWSGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2008Madeleine Eriksson ABSTRACT. Building on theories of internal orientalism, the objective of this study is to show how intra-national differences are reproduced through influential media representations. By abstracting news representations of Norrland, a large, sparsely populated region in the northernmost part of Sweden, new modes of "internal othering" within Western modernity are put on view. Real and imagined social and economical differences between the "rural North" and the "urban South" are explained in terms of "cultural differences" and "lifestyle" choices. The concept of Norrland is used as an abstract essentialized geographical category and becomes a metonym for a backward and traditional rural space in contrast to equally essentialized urban areas with favoured modern ideals. Specific traits of parts of the region become one with the entire region and the problems of the region become the problems of the people living in the region. I argue that the news representations play a part in the reproduction of a "space of exception", in that one region is constructed as a traditional and undeveloped space in contrast to an otherwise modern nation. A central argument of this study is that research on identity construction and representations of place is needed to come to grips with issues of uneven regional development within western nations. [source] ,Going to Brazil': transnational and corporeal movements of a Canadian-Brazilian martial arts communityGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 2 2008JANELLE JOSEPH Abstract In this article I use a case study of capoeira (an Afro-Brazilian martial art/dance/game) in Canada to bring together sport and transnationality literatures. I show that understandings of transnationality can be extended through both investigating people born and raised in the North, since they play an important role in creating transnational spaces, and attending to the corporeal means that people deploy to connect to a homeland or ,travel' to a foreign country. Through adopting a particular racialized/ national style of movement, those who ,stay put' in the North can ,move' across ethnic boundaries, if not geopolitical borders. Real (international), imagined (virtual and emotional), and corporeal (embodied) ,travel' to Brazil are key experiences of the senior capoeirista (capoeira devotee). Sporting activities provide an exceptional window onto transnationality studies, given that ways of moving are fundamental to social, cultural and national identities. [source] Geography and the Future of Stock Exchanges: Between Real and Virtual SpaceGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2007DARIUSZ WÓJCIK ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the future of stock exchanges and financial centres by focusing on two questions. First, whether, how, why, and which stock exchange activities are prone to concentration in financial centres? Second, are they prone to concentration in national or international financial centres? Through a detail-rich analysis of stock exchange activities, including trading system, as well as relationships with members, issuers, and investors, the paper suggests a framework for the geography of stock exchange activities based on two dimensions,proneness to concentration in a financial centre and proneness to international consolidation. With this framework, predictions are made about the future geography of stock exchange activities led by the argument that while significant geographical reconfigurations are likely to unfold, driven primarily by the development of international networks of stock market institutions, stock exchanges, and financial centres will remain crucially important for each other. [source] Myth and Reality in the Attitude toward Valence-Bond (VB) Theory: Are Its ,Failures' Real?HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 4 2003Sason Shaik According to common wisdom propagated in textbooks and papers, valence-bond (VB) theory fails and makes predictions in contradiction with experiment. Four iconic ,failures' are: a) the wrong prediction of the ground state of the O2 molecule, b) the failure to predict the properties of cyclobutadiene (CBD) viz. those of benzene, c) the failure to predict the aromaticity/anti-aromaticity of molecular ions like C5H and C5H, C3H and C3H, C7H and C7H, etc; and d) the failure to predict that, e.g., CH4 has two different ionization potentials. This paper analyzes the origins of these ,failures' and shows that two of them (stated in a and d) are myths of unclear origins, while the other two originate in misuse of an oversimplified version of VB theory, i.e., simple resonance theory that merely enumerate resonance structures. It is demonstrated that, in each case, a properly used VB theory at a simple and portable level leads to correct predictions, as successful as those made by use of molecular-orbital (MO) theory. This notion of VB ,failure', which is traced back to the VB-MO rivalry, in the early days of quantum chemistry, should now be considered obsolete, unwarranted, and counterproductive. A modern chemist should know that there are two ways of describing electronic structure, which are not two contrasting theories, but rather two representations or two guises of the same reality. Their capabilities and insights into chemical problems are complementary, and the exclusion of any one of them undermines the intellectual heritage of chemistry. [source] Determining the effects of habitat management and climate on the population trends of a declining steppe birdIBIS, Issue 3 2009MARÍA PAULA DELGADO The Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax is one of the most threatened steppe bird species in Europe, due mainly to agricultural intensification. Despite the relative importance of the Iberian population (approximately 50% of the global population) little is known about its dynamics and trends, especially in core distribution areas. This study evaluates the influences of meteorological factors and land management on the oscillations and medium-term trends of two Little Bustard populations in Central Spain. During 2001,2007, surveys of breeding male and female Little Bustards were carried out in two central Spanish locations: Valdetorres, in Special Protection Area (SPA) no. 139 (1600 ha), and Campo Real, in Important Bird Area (IBA) no. 075 (1150 ha). Densities were 3.3,4.0 and 1.1,2.1 males/km2 in Campo Real, and 1.8,2.2 and 0.6,1.3 females/km2 in Valdetorres. The sex ratio was biased towards males in both cases. Both populations declined during 2001,2007, especially in Valdetorres (60%). Variation in habitat composition did not explain variation in the numbers of males. Both populations were influenced by total precipitation in the preceding October,May period. Results suggest that the Little Bustard may be sensitive to future climate trends in Europe. Finally, different simulated demographic scenarios suggest that low female survival and productivity may be the immediate cause of the decline in Little Bustard populations, which is consistent with their sensitivity to climatic conditions. [source] A conservative integral for bimaterial notches subjected to thermal stressesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2004Leslie Banks-Sills Abstract In this investigation, a conservative integral based on the Betti reciprocal principle is developed to obtain stress intensity factors for a bimaterial notch in which the body is subjected to a thermal load. The bonded materials are linear elastic, isotropic and homogeneous. According to the linear theory of elasticity, stresses in the neighbourhood of the notch tip are generally singular as a result of the mismatch of the elastic constants. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions depend upon the mechanical properties and wedge angles. They may be real, complex or power-logarithmic. Real and complex eigenvalues are considered in this study. The stress intensity factor represents the amplitude of the stress singularity and depends upon material properties, geometry and load or temperature. Because of the highly singular behaviour of one of the integrals that is part of the conservative integral, the former is carried out by a hybrid analytical/numerical scheme. The finite element method is employed to obtain displacements caused by the temperature distribution in the body. The conservative integral is applied to several problems appearing in the literature. Both good agreement between those results and the ones obtained here, as well as path stability for all problems is attained. A wide range of material parameters is also studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Choosing Life or Second Life?INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 384-385 2008Agency in A Mediated Culture, Discipleship Liberationist theologies gave rue to a re-emphasis on Christian life as being primarily historical life, and Christian spirituality as rooted in faithful and honest attention to the immediacy of historical reality. However, for many people living in media-saturated, overdeveloped societies, any distinction between actual reality and a mediated pseudo-reality is blurred. Another facet of life in a media-saturated context is that of being regularly confronted with impressions of destitution, violence and ecological degradation, whilst at the same time being further distanced from the realities represented through communications media and their ,virtualizing' tendency. This rapid change in our relation to reality has, I suggest, profound theological and missiological consequences. The ways in which electronic media have modified life, including religious life, are complex and varied. Consumption of electronic media does not seem to have replaced religion as such but it has tended to shape religious life in its own image. With particular reference to Slavoj Zizek's reading of "the Real" after "9/11", I have attempted to sketch how some of these sweeping social and cultural changes may impact on the interpretation of Christian discipleship and mission. In the end, either the Christian life is vulnerable to potentially disruptive reality, or it is at risk of collapsing into a version of the pursuit of happiness mediated by and through late-capitalist culture. [source] Explaining Jury Verdicts: Is Leniency Bias for Real?JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 10 2004Dennis J. Devine Laboratory research suggests juries that begin deliberation with a strong majority (i.e., 2/3 or more) usually end up choosing the verdict favored by this majority, whereas those without a strong majority generally acquit or hang. We tested the robustness of these findings in the field by examining trial and deliberation correlates of jury verdicts using data from 79 criminal jury trials held in Indiana. As expected, several trial characteristics and the first-vote preference distribution were related to jury verdicts. However, there was no evidence of leniency bias,75% of those juries without a 2/3 majority on the first deliberation vote ended up convicting. Contributions of the study, limitations, and alternative explanations for the observed severity bias are discussed. [source] From Cyber Space to Cybernetic Space: Rethinking the Relationship between Real and Virtual SpacesJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2001Ananda Mitra The interaction between real and virtual spaces can be reconceptualized by mobilizing the notion of cybernetic space to signify the relationship between spaces, culture and identity in the synthetic space we tend to live in. The new metaphor can allow for a holistic examination of the Internet in popular culture. [source] Micro-Raman spectroscopy of decorated pottery from the Iberian archaeological site of Puente Tablas (Jaén, Spain, 7th,4th century B.C.)JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 1 2010D. Parras Abstract In this paper, Raman spectroscopy is used for the first time to identify the pigments on decorated antique Iberian pottery. Ceramic fragments of type Real and others from the archaeological excavation in the oppidum Puente Tablas were examined. Different types of iron oxide pigments (hematite and goethite) were identified, along with amorphous carbon. In some samples, the presence of chalk or gypsum could be demonstrated. Some unattributed Raman bands are believed to be associated either with post-burial organic deposition or with silicate materials that are present in red ochre. It was possible to relate the findings with geological data from the region and to make assumptions on a local production. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Economic Integration of Greater China: Real and Financial Linkages and the Prospects for Currency Union by Yin-Wong Cheung, Menzie D. Chinn, and Eiji FujiiJOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2008Kerk Phillips No abstract is available for this article. [source] Men Want Something Real: Frank Buchman and Anglo-American College Religion in the 1920sJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 3 2004Daniel Sack In 1925 a Princeton University alumnus told a group of faculty that "men want something real." He felt that students at Princeton and other universities were trapped in institutions historian George Marsden later described as increasingly secularized and secularizing. Their education was too theoretical and their Christianity was too conventional. Caught in such a place, young men wanted some kind of real-life experience, unmediated by books or instructors. They wanted excitement and intensity, the kind their predecessors found in the Great War. In place of immorality, or conventional Christianity, evangelist Frank Buchman organized a cell group movement where men could get an exciting religious experience. He repackaged Anglo-American evangelicalism so it would appeal to modern young people. The movement began in America, but soon included elite college students in Britain as well. It focused particularly on "key men," vital to Buchman's goal of remaking the world. [source] Kunyenga, "Real Sex," and Survival: Assessing the Risk of HIV Infection among Urban Street Boys in TanzaniaMEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2002Chris Lockhart This article examines possible avenues of HIV infection among urban street boys in Tanzania. In doing so, it questions the ways that AIDS researchers have defined and approached the phenomenon of "survival sex" in East and Central Africa. The article specifically examines the boys' sexual networks, sexual practices, and attitudes regarding their own sexual behavior, including their perceived risk of HIV/AIDS infection. Seventy-five street boys aged eight to 20 from the city ofMwanza were interviewed. Results suggest that almost all street boys are involved in a sexual network in which homosexual and heterosexual behavior occurs. Homosexual practices are rooted in a complex set of behaviors and ideologies known as kunyenga, which is a situated aspect of life on the streets and helps maintain the boys' strong dependence on one another. A key aspect of the boys' sexual careers involves a decrease in kunyenga activity as they approach the age of 18 and an increase in heterosexual encounters after the age of 11. There appears to be a critical period between these ages in which heterosexual and kunyenga activities overlap. It is suggested that boys between these ages represent a potential bridge for HIV/AIDS infection between the general population and the relatively enclosed sexual network of street boys. [Tanzania, street children, HIV/AIDS, sexual behavior] [source] THE BLANK FACE OF LOVE: THE POSSIBILITY OF GOODNESS IN THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL WORK OF IRIS MURDOCH1MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2009JENNIFER SPENCER GOODYER This article explores the value of Iris Murdoch's metaphysical ethics for the theologian. Although, in many ways, Murdoch does appeal to the theologian, a subtle form of nihilism underlies her thought insofar as human goodness,in the form of loving attention,is only possible once the individual has overcome his/her ego by staring into the void and accepting the ultimate meaninglessness of reality. As this article demonstrates, Murdoch's replacement of transcendence with void rules out any form of real love or human goodness: only a dualistic exchange of gazes remains possible. Real, selfless love is only possible when the ego understands itself in the context of theological transcendence. [source] The Feminine (Ob)scene of CrueltyORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 6 2008Margins, On the Fantastic, its Genealogy This article starts out with a panoramic exposition of Latin American fantastic literature, arguing that the fantastic mode has become mainstream rather than a marginalized exception. However, something important is missing from the canonized program for the fantastic, namely a sensation of the fantastic object as well as of the desire that accompanies the dreams or fantasies that give reality its coherence. This article argues that authors like Alejandra Pizarnik and Silvina Ocampo represent a "real" response to the canon of artful metaphysical fictionalizations: an excessive enjoyment that cannot be accounted for in terms of the symbolic but approaches the Lacanian realm of the Real. It is often maintained that the subversive potential of fantastic literature resides in its interrogation of the (unconscious) limits between the real and the unreal that define the social, symbolic order. Yet the fascination of the "feminine (ob)scene of cruelty" resides in what exceeds symbolization, what is left after the categorical operations of culture have been performed, and never ceases to exert a horrifying fascination from beyond the frontiers of socially accepted values. [source] Methodological aspects of in vitro sensing of L -glutamate in acute brain slicesTHE CHEMICAL RECORD, Issue 6 2007Masao Sugawara Abstract L -Glutamate is a major amino acid neurotransmitter in the central neuronal system of the mammalian brain and plays a vital role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, and neuropathological disorders. Despite technical limitations, progress is being made in sensing L -glutamate in vivo and in vitro. Sophisticated microsensors with the necessary spatial and temporal resolution have recently been emerging, which enable us to discern regional distribution, concentration levels, and temporal changes of L -glutamate in acute brain slices. The L -glutamate sensors for in vitro sensing have different structures and sizes, such as glass capillary-based enzyme sensors, polymer-coated enzyme sensors, and patch sensors based on natural sensing probes. The concentration of L -glutamate released in brain slices by chemical stimulation is markedly dependent on neuronal regions, types of stimulation, and sensing methods. Real- and long-time monitoring of L -glutamate in acute hippocampal slices is beginning to shed light on L -glutamate release related to the molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation. Progress is also being made toward the visualization of L -glutamate release in acute hippocampal slices. The methodological aspects of in vitro sensing of L -glutamate are discussed. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 317,325; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20126 [source] "PROTECTION AND REAL WAGES": THE HISTORY OF AN IDEATHE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2006RONALD W JONES Few economics articles have achieved the celebrity that still attaches to the paper, "Protection and Real Wages", by Wolfgang Stolper and Paul Samuelson in (1941). In this paper I discuss how the Stolper-Samuelson theorem has been re-interpreted over subsequent decades, and how attempts to generalize the theorem to higher dimensions have met with qualified results. The theorem leads to a simple proposition in political economy: in competitive models any productive factor can have its real return increased by a non-transparent policy whereby relative commodity prices are altered if there are enough commodities and joint production, is not too severe. [source] Face Transplant: Real and Imagined Ethical ChallengesTHE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 1 2006Tia Powell Ethical lapses associated with the first facial transplant included breaches of confidentiality, bending of research rules, and film deals. However, discussions of the risk-benefit ratio for face transplantation are often deficient in that they ignore the needs, experience, and decision-making capability of potential recipients. [source] Acting for Real: Performing Characters in Miller's Crossing and FargoTHE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 2 2008PAUL COUGHLIN First page of article [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||