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Rejection Process (rejection + process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Analysis of differential immune responses induced by innate and adaptive immunity following transplantation

IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2003
Hongzhen He
Summary The roles of innate and adaptive immunity in allograft rejection remain incompletely understood. Previous studies analysing lymphocyte deficient or syngeneic graft recipients have identified subsets of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines induced by antigen independent mechanisms. In the current study, we analysed a panel of 60 inflammatory parameters including serum cytokines, intragraft chemokines and cytokines, receptors, and cellular markers. Our results confirmed the up-regulation of a subset of markers by innate mechanisms and also identified a subset of parameters up-regulated only in the context of an adaptive response. Thus, we successfully differentiated markers of the innate and adaptive phases of rejection. Current paradigms emphasize that innate signals can promote a subsequent adaptive response. Interestingly, in our studies, expression of the markers induced by innate mechanisms was markedly amplified in the allogeneic, but not syngeneic or lymphocyte deficient, recipients. These results suggest that inflammatory mediators can have functional overlap between the innate and adaptive responses, and that the adaptive component of the rejection process amplifies the innate response by positive feedback regulation. [source]

Features of chronic allograft rejection on rat small intestine transplantation

PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2007
Hao Ma
Abstract:, The aim of this study was to develop a model of chronic rejection of the entire small intestine transplantation and to analyze the features of chronic rejection. Allogenic small bowel transplantation was performed in a rat combination of Lewis to F344. Intestines were procured at the 60th and the 90th day after operation. We compared the semiquantitative score of histological parameters. The immunological components involved in the chronic rejection process were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and the cytokine levels in grafts. The significant characteristics of the allograft on histology were changes of villous architecture, interstitial fibrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and obliterative arteriopathy. Allografts on the 60th day post-transplantation had more score in inflammatory events, while the grafts on the 90th day after operation had more values in ischemia/fibrotic events. The number of infiltrating CD4, CD8 and macrophage cells in allografts progressively decreased over time. The level of intrgraft cytokines such as IL-6, TNF- , and IL-10 in the 90th day after transplantation also decreased compared with that in the 60th day. These data suggested that in the early stage (POD 60), there were more active and intense inflammatory events; later (POD 90) allografts manifested less inflammation and more arterial obliteration and fibrosis. [source]

Simultaneous quantification of 17 immune mediators in aqueous humour from patients with corneal rejection

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 6 2006
Mikkel Funding
Abstract. Purpose:, To simultaneously quantitate and compare the concentrations of 17 immune mediators: (1) the cytokines interleukin-1,, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-,, interferon-,; (2) the growth factors granulocyte,monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and (3) the chemokines CXCL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1, in aqueous humour from patients with corneal rejection and patients with a non-inflammatory condition in the anterior chamber. Methods:, Aqueous humour was obtained by paracentesis of the anterior chamber in 14 patients with corneal rejection, three patients with cataract and six patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. Simultaneous quantitation of 17 mediators in 25 µl aqueous humour from each patient was performed by employing a highly sensitive Luminex® 100 multiplex array assay. Results:, All 17 immune mediators were detected in aqueous humour from rejection patients. The ranges of the immune mediators were determined. The immune mediators were significantly increased in aqueous humour from rejection patients compared with that from other patients. Conclusions:, The Luminex 100 multiplex array assay is very efficient in simultaneous quantitation of multiple immune mediators in small volumes of aqueous humour. A total of 17 immune mediators were increased in aqueous humour from rejection patients. This underlines the complex immunological interactions of the rejection process. [source]

AKT1 leader gene and downstream targets are involved in a rat model of kidney allograft tolerance,

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2010
Vojislav Jovanovic
Abstract Tolerance is the so-called "Holy Grail" of transplantation but achieving this state is proving a major challenge, particularly in the clinical settings. This tolerance state can be induced in rodent models using a variety of maneuvers. This phenomenon is classically characterized by donor specificity (recipients accept a secondary donor-specific allograft but reject third-party allograft) as well as by the absence of chronic rejection lesion. We previously showed that administration and anti-donor anti-class II serum on the day of transplantation induce tolerance to a kidney allograft in the LEW-1W to LEW-1A strain combination. In this study, we used DNA microarrays to compare gene patterns involved in anti-donor anti-class II tolerated or untreated syngeneic kidney transplants in this strain combination. Statistical and non-statistical analyses were combined with ab initio analysis, using the recently developed leader gene approach, to shed new light on this phenomenon. Theoretical and experimental results suggest that tolerance and rejection outcome may be in large part determined by low expression variations of some genes, which can form a core gene network around specific genes such as Rac1, NFKB1, RelA, AKT1, IKBKB, BCL2, BCLX, and CHUK. Through this model, we showed that AKT1 gene, WNT pathway and NO synthesis are strictly connected to each other and may play an important role in kidney tolerance and rejection processes, with AKT1 gene being the center of this complex network of interactions. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 709,719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]