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Rational Selection (rational + selection)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	33%
Life Sciences	33%

Selected Abstracts

Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of peptides

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 22-23 2003
Václav Ka
Abstract An overview of the recent developments in the applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, namely zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides is presented. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of the electromigration behavior of peptides and the methodological aspects of capillary electroseparations of peptides, such as rational selection of separation conditions, sample treatment, and suppression of adsorption, are discussed, and new developments in individual separation modes and new designs of detection systems applied to peptide separations are shown. Several types of applications of capillary electromigration methods to peptide analysis are presented: quality control and purity tests, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of physical and chemical changes and enzymatic conversions, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping. The examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of capillary electromigration techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated. [source]

Overview of the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of bacterial infections in horses

EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 8 2008
E. F. Haggett
Summary Use of antimicrobial drugs is central to the treatment of primary and secondary bacterial infection in horses. When selecting an antimicrobial to treat confirmed or suspected bacterial infection multiple factors should be considered, including: the likely infectious agent; distribution and dosage of selected drugs; mechanisms of action; and potential side effects. Many of these issues will be covered in subsequent articles in this series. The aim of this paper is to aid the clinician in the rational selection of antimicrobials by reviewing the mode of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, indications and potential side effects of the main classes of antimicrobial drugs. Extralabel use of drugs is common in veterinary medicine due to a lack of licensed products. This increases the importance of a thorough understanding of antimicrobials and their possible adverse effects. [source]

Update on treatment guidelines for acute bacterial sinusitis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2005
J. M. Klossek
Summary Acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) is a common complication of viral upper respiratory tract infections and represents a considerable social burden both in terms of diminished quality of life for the patient and the economic implications of decreased productivity and treatment costs. Several national health authorities have developed guidelines for the management of ABS, which aim to promote rational selection of anti-bacterial therapy to optimise clinical outcomes while minimising the potential for selection of anti-bacterial resistance as a result of inappropriate anti-bacterial usage. This article provides an overview of current guidelines, with particular focus on the clinical significance of variations in treatment recommendations and new treatment options, such as the ketolide telithromycin, which was recently added to a number of national treatment guidelines. [source]

Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010
Brendan F. Gilmore
Abstract Contemporary medical science is reliant upon the rational selection and utilization of devices, and therefore, an increasing need has developed for in vitro systems aimed at replicating the conditions to which urological devices will be subjected to during their use in vivo. We report the development and validation of a novel continuous flow encrustation model based on the commercially available CDC biofilm reactor. Proteus mirabilis -induced encrustation formation on test biomaterial sections under varying experimental parameters was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared- and Raman spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The model system produced encrusted deposits similar to those observed in archived clinical samples. Results obtained for the system are highly reproducible with encrustation being rapidly deposited on test biomaterial sections. This model will have utility in the rapid screening of encrustation behavior of biomaterials for use in urological applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010 [source]

Unbiased selection of bone marrow derived cells as carriers for cancer gene therapy

THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007
Susanne I. Lang
Abstract Background There is currently great interest in development of cell-based carriers for delivery of viral vectors to metastatic tumors. To date, several cell carriers have been tested based largely upon their predicted tumor-localizing properties. However, cell types may exist which can be mobilized from the circulation by a tumor which have not yet been identified. Here we use an unbiased screen of bone marrow (BM) cells to identify cells which localize to tumors and which might serve as effective candidate cell carriers without any prior prediction or selection. Methods Unsorted BM cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic donor mice were adoptively transferred into C57Bl/6 mice bearing pre-established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors. Forty-eight hours and eight days later, tumors, organs and blood were analyzed for GFP-expressing cells by flow cytometry. The phenotype of GFP cells in organs was determined by co-staining with specific cell surface markers. Results CD45+ hematopoietic cells were readily detected in tumor, spleen, bone marrow, blood and lung at both time points. Within these CD45+ cell populations, preferential accumulation in the tumor was observed of cells expressing Sca-1, c-kit, NK1.1, Thy1.2, CD14, Mac-3 and/or CD11c. Lymphodepletion increased homing to spleen and bone marrow, but not to tumors. Conclusions We have used an in vivo screen to identify populations of BM-derived donor cells which accumulate within tumors. These studies will direct rational selection of specific cell types which can be tested in standardized assays of cell carrier efficiency for the treatment of metastatic tumors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Highly efficient synthesis of peptides by rational utilization of novel coupling reagents

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2000
Li Peng
Abstract The efficiency of different peptide coupling reagents, including carbodiimides, HOBt or HOAt-derived uronium, phosphonium and immonium salts, halouronium, halophosphonium, 2-halopyridinium and 2-halothiazolium salts, was evaluated. The synthetic strategy for coded peptides and nonribosomal peptides was discussed with an emphasis on the rational selection of peptide coupling reagents. [source]