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Rat Knee Joints (rat + knee_joint)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Bradyzide, a potent non-peptide B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist with long-lasting oral activity in animal models of inflammatory hyperalgesia

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
Gillian M Burgess
Bradyzide is from a novel class of rodent-selective non-peptide B2 bradykinin antagonists (1-(2-Nitrophenyl)thiosemicarbazides). Bradyzide has high affinity for the rodent B2 receptor, displacing [3H]-bradykinin binding in NG108-15 cells and in Cos-7 cells expressing the rat receptor with KI values of 0.51±0.18 nM (n=3) and 0.89±0.27 nM (n=3), respectively. Bradyzide is a competitive antagonist, inhibiting B2 receptor-induced 45Ca efflux from NG108-15 cells with a pKB of 8.0±0.16 (n=5) and a Schild slope of 1.05. In the rat spinal cord and tail preparation, bradyzide inhibits bradykinin-induced ventral root depolarizations (IC50 value; 1.6±0.05 nM (n=3)). Bradyzide is much less potent at the human than at the rodent B2 receptor, displacing [3H]-bradykinin binding in human fibroblasts and in Cos-7 cells expressing the human B2 receptor with KI values of 393±90 nM (n=3) and 772±144 nM (n=3), respectively. Bradyzide inhibits bradykinin-induced [3H]-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) formation with IC50 values of 11.6±1.4 nM (n=3) at the rat and 2.4±0.3 ,M (n=3) at the human receptor. Bradyzide does not interact with a range of other receptors, including human and rat B1 bradykinin receptors. Bradyzide is orally available and blocks bradykinin-induced hypotension and plasma extravasation. Bradyzide shows long-lasting oral activity in rodent models of inflammatory hyperalgesia, reversing Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat knee joint (ED50, 0.84 ,mol kg,1; duration of action >4 h). It is equipotent with morphine and diclofenac, and 1000 times more potent than paracetamol, its maximal effect exceeding that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Bradyzide does not exhibit tolerance when administered over 6 days. In summary, bradyzide is a potent, orally active, antagonist of the B2 bradykinin receptor, with selectivity for the rodent over the human receptor. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 77,86; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703012 [source]

Prevention of cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis by intraarticular treatment with recombinant lubricin

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 3 2009
Carl R. Flannery
Objective Lubricin, also referred to as superficial zone protein and PRG4, is a synovial glycoprotein that supplies a friction-resistant, antiadhesive coating to the surfaces of articular cartilage, thereby protecting against arthritis-associated tissue wear and degradation. This study was undertaken to generate and characterize a novel recombinant lubricin protein construct, LUB:1, and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy following intraarticular delivery in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Binding and localization of LUB:1 to cartilage surfaces was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The cartilage-lubricating properties of LUB:1 were determined using a custom friction testing apparatus. A cell-binding assay was performed to quantify the ability of LUB:1 to prevent cell adhesion. Efficacy studies were conducted in a rat meniscal tear model of OA. One week after the surgical induction of OA, LUB:1 or phosphate buffered saline vehicle was administered by intraarticular injection for 4 weeks, with dosing intervals of either once per week or 3 times per week. OA pathology scores were determined by histologic analysis. Results LUB:1 was shown to bind effectively to cartilage surfaces, and facilitated both cartilage boundary lubrication and inhibition of synovial cell adhesion. Treatment of rat knee joints with LUB:1 resulted in significant disease-modifying, chondroprotective effects during the progression of OA, by markedly reducing cartilage degeneration and structural damage. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the potential use of recombinant lubricin molecules in novel biotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of OA and associated cartilage abnormalities. [source]

In vivo effects of CB2 receptor-selective cannabinoids on the vasculature of normal and arthritic rat knee joints

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
J J McDougall
Background and purpose: Cannabinoids (CBs) are known to be vasoactive and to regulate tissue inflammation. The present study examined the in vivo vasomotor effects of the CB2 receptor agonists JWH015 and JWH133 in rat knee joints. The effect of acute and chronic joint inflammation on CB2 receptor-mediated responses was also tested. Experimental approach: Blood flow was assessed in rat knee joints by laser Doppler imaging both before and following topical administration of CB2 receptor agonists. Vasoactivity was measured in normal, acute kaolin/carrageenan inflamed and Freund's complete adjuvant chronically inflamed knees. Key results: In normal animals, JWH015 and JWH133 caused a concentration-dependent increase in synovial blood flow which in the case of JWH133 was blocked by the selective CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 as well as the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) antagonist SB366791. The vasodilator effect of JWH133 was significantly attenuated in both acute and chronically inflamed knees. Given alone, AM630 had no effect on joint blood flow. Conclusion and implications: In normal joints, the cannabinomimetic JWH133 causes hyperaemia via a CB2 and TRPV1 receptor mechanism. During acute and chronic inflammation, however, this vasodilatatory response is significantly attenuated. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 358,366; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707565; published online 5 November 2007 [source]