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Rat Cerebellar Cortex (rat + cerebellar_cortex)
Selected AbstractsThe isochronic band hypothesis and climbing fibre regulation of motricity: an experimental studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 2 2001Masaji Fukuda Abstract The dynamic organization of the olivocerebellar afferent input to Purkinje cells was examined in rat cerebellar cortex. The distribution of synchronous Purkinje cell complex spike activity was characterized, bilaterally, utilizing multiple electrode recordings in crus IIa folium under ketamine anaesthesia. The results confirmed the existence of rostrocaudal complex spike isochronicity bands with a mediolateral width of 500 µm. For a given band, no finer spatial submicrostructures could be discerned at a first-order approximation (two-dimensional projection). Closer analysis determined that isochronicity between bands is not continuous in space but demonstrates discrete discontinuities at the mediolateral boundaries. Principal component multivariate analysis revealed that the first principal component of the spatio-temporal variance is synchronicity along the rostrocaudal band with a decreased level of coupling in the mediolateral direction at the band boundary. Furthermore, this discrete banding isochronicity is organized by the distribution of feedback inhibition from the cerebellar nuclei on to the inferior olive nucleus. The usual multiple band structure can be dynamically altered to a single wide-band dynamic architecture, or to other patterns of activity, as may be required by movement coordination. [source] Bilaterally synchronous complex spike Purkinje cell activity in the mammalian cerebellumEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 2 2001Tomoya Yamamoto Abstract Complex spike activity was simultaneously recorded from 96 Purkinje cells in the rat cerebellar cortex. Rostrocaudal complex spike synchronicity bands were studied in crus I, IIa and IIb and in vermal lobule 6c. Detailed analysis in crus IIa revealed that complex spike activity was staggered sequentially with a 20,50 cm/sec ,propagation velocity' in the mediolateral direction, and that such activity was bilaterally synchronous. The ,propagation' of complex spike activity was symmetrical between right and left crus IIa. Temporally, the neurons that aligned in the rostrocaudal direction typically generated complex spikes close to simultaneously. The correlation of complex spike firing was high between crus IIa and crus IIb, moderate between crus IIa and vermis 6c, and relatively low between Purkinje cells in crus I and crus IIa. These results indicate that, whilst discrete boarders exist between different isochronicity bands, these bands do communicate with each other in the mediolateral direction via slow ,propagation waves' that loosely bind their activity. The results indicate that the olivocerebellar system is organized, bilaterally, to take advantage of the timing signals generated at the inferior olive nucleus. [source] Activity-induced tissue oxygenation changes in rat cerebellar cortex: interplay of postsynaptic activation and blood flowTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Nikolas Offenhauser Functional neuroimaging relies on the robust coupling between neuronal activity, metabolism and cerebral blood flow (CBF), but the physiological basis of the neuroimaging signals is still poorly understood. We examined the mechanisms of activity-dependent changes in tissue oxygenation in relation to variations in CBF responses and postsynaptic activity in rat cerebellar cortex. To increase synaptic activity we stimulated the monosynaptic, glutamatergic climbing fibres that excite Purkinje cells via AMPA receptors. We used local field potentials to indicate synaptic activity, and recorded tissue oxygen partial pressure (Ptiss,O2) by polarographic microelectrodes, and CBF using laser-Doppler flowmetry. The disappearance rate of oxygen in the tissue increased linearly with synaptic activity. This indicated that, without a threshold, oxygen consumption increased as a linear function of synaptic activity. The reduction in Ptiss,O2 preceded the rise in CBF. The time integral (area) of the negative Ptiss,O2 response increased non-linearly showing saturation at high levels of synaptic activity, concomitant with a steep rise in CBF. This was accompanied by a positive change in Ptiss,O2. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition enhanced the initial negative Ptiss,O2 response (,dip'), while attenuating the evoked CBF increase and positive Ptiss,O2 response equally. This indicates that increases in CBF counteract activity-induced reductions in Ptiss,O2, and suggests the presence of a tissue oxygen reserve. The changes in Ptiss,O2 and CBF were strongly attenuated by AMPA receptor blockade. Our findings suggest an inverse relationship between negative Ptiss,O2 and CBF responses, and provide direct in vivo evidence for a tight coupling between activity in postsynaptic AMPA receptors and cerebellar oxygen consumption. [source] | ||||||||||