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Rapid Relaxation (rapid + relaxation)
Selected AbstractsSuccessful Cognitive-Behavioral Habituation Training Toward Photophobia in Photogenic Partial SeizuresEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2001Meinolf Noeker Summary: We report on the cognitive-behavioral treatment of a 12-year-old boy with photogenic partial seizures with secondary generalization who had developed phobic avoidant behavior toward all kinds of situations with potential photostimulation, leading to serious impairments of life quality. Based on a behavioral analysis of seizure and anxiety reaction, a habituation training (systematic desensitization procedure) was developed and performed, while maintaining protection against seizures with antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. The treatment was to gradually increase exposure to computer monitor and television screen photostimulation, closely adjusted to the level of subjective distress and tolerance. In addition to exercising control of photogenic input by regulating the monitor control button, rapid relaxation and imagery techniques were taught and applied as countermeasures at the onset of seizure precipitants. The treatment resulted in complete remission of phobic anxieties and responses and may also have facilitated ongoing seizure control after termination of antiepileptic medication. [source] Boosting the Non Linear Optical Response of Carbon Nanotube Saturable Absorbers for Broadband Mode-Locking of Bulk LasersADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 12 2010W. B. Cho Abstract Single-walled carbon-nanotube absorbers are experimentally demonstrated for laser mode-locking. A saturable absorber device is used to mode-lock three different bulk solid-state lasers in a 500,nm-wide wavelength interval. The devices exhibit a low saturation fluence of <10,µJ cm,2, low scattering losses, and an exceptionally rapid relaxation, with time constants reaching <100 fs. The latter two properties are explained by a decreased curling tendency and increased tube-to-tube interactions of the nanotubes, respectively. These properties are the result of an optimized manufacturing procedure in combination with the use of a starting material with a higher microscopic order. The decreased scattering enables universal use of these devices in bulk solid-state lasers, which tend to be highly sensitive against non-saturable device losses as caused by scattering. The favorable saturable absorption properties are experimentally verified by mode-locking the three lasers, which all exhibit near transform-limited performance with about 100 fs pulse duration. The complete and unconditional absence of Q-switching side bands verifies the small saturation fluence of these devices. [source] Multinuclear NMR study of some organoplatinum complexes containing multifunctional azines as chelating ligands,MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2004Dietrich Gudat Abstract 1H-detected indirect NMR techniques were used to determine 15N and 195Pt NMR parameters for a series of organoplatinum(IV) complexes and one platinum(II) complex containing nitrogen-based azobispyridine, bispyridyltetrazine, and bipyrimidine ligands. The inverse technique permitted the detection of small 4J(Pt,H) and 5J(Pt,H) long-range couplings and the acquisition of 15N NMR data in natural isotopic abundance via nJ(N,H) intra- and inter-ligand couplings, but failed in cases where coherence transfer is quenched by rapid relaxation of the metal atom. In one case, analysis of satellite patterns in a set of 1H,15N, 1H,195Pt and 1H,13C correlation spectra allowed a positive sign to be determined for 1J(Pt,15N). Qualitative arguments are presented to explain the observed 15N coordination shifts in complexes with different azine ligands in terms of azine,M dative bond formation and LnM,azine back-donation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Energy transfer to phonons after photoexcitation in one-dimensional correlated electron-phonon systemsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2009Kenji Yonemitsu Abstract In order to study relaxation rates of photoexcited states in correlated electron systems, we calculate the time evolution of phonons' kinetic energies after photoexcitation of a one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model coupled with different types of phonons, which modulate transfer integrals, site energies, and on-site repulsion strengths. Without or with weak dimerization, the energy transfer to phonons that modulate on-site repulsion strengths is the largest. It increases rapidly as a function of the corresponding displacement. This suggests that the rapid relaxation of photoexcited states in one-dimensional correlated electron systems is allowed without change in symmetry by phonons that modulate Coulomb repulsion strengths. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Mechanism of prolonged vasorelaxation to ATP in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial bedBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Vera Ralevic This study investigated the mechanism of prolonged relaxation to ATP in the rat isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed. In methoxamine pre-constricted preparations, ATP elicited dose-dependent, endothelium-dependent, rapid relaxation at 5 pmol , 0.05 ,mol (Rmax 76±5.6%, pD2 9.2±0.2), and contraction, followed by prolonged endothelium-independent vasorelaxation at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 ,mol (56±3.0, 87±2.9 and 85±4.6%). Suramin (100 ,M), attenuated rapid (pD2 7.8±0.1) and prolonged relaxation to ATP. The selective P2 receptor antagonist PPADS (10 ,M) reduced prolonged, but not rapid relaxation. Neither phase of relaxation was affected by 8-sulphophenyltheophylline (1 ,M) or indomethacin (10 ,M). ,,,-methylene ATP (,,,-meATP; 10 ,M) attenuated prolonged relaxation to ATP (relaxations at 0.05 and 0.5 ,mol were 25±8.3 and 48±9.0%, respectively). ,,,-meATP blocked contractions and revealed rapid relaxation to ATP at 0.05 , 5 ,mol. Capsaicin pre-treatment did not affect either phase of vasorelaxation to ATP. ,,,-meATP (10 ,M) had no effect on vasorelaxation mediated by electrical stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves. High K+ (25 mM) attenuated prolonged relaxation to ATP (21±2.6 and 64±5.8%, at 0.05 and 0.5 ,mol, respectively), but had no effect on rapid relaxation. Ouabain (1 mM), an inhibitor of Na+/K+ -ATPase, and glibenclamide (10 ,M), an inhibitor of KATP channels, also attenuated prolonged relaxation to ATP. Charybdotoxin (100 nM), a selective inhibitor of KCa channels, and tetraethylammonium (10 mM) had no effect on rapid or prolonged relaxations. These results show that the prolonged phase of vasorelaxation to ATP in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial bed, which may be mediated by P2Y receptors, is endothelium-independent, involves activation of Na+/K+ -ATPase and KATP channels, and is inhibited by ,,,-meATP. Neither prolonged nor rapid vasorelaxation to ATP involves capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, adenosine P1 receptors, prostanoids or KCa channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 132, 685,692; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703868 [source] | ||||||||||