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RAPD Profiles (rapd + profile)
Selected AbstractsGenetic structure and random amplified polymorphic DNA diversity of the rapidly declining Angelica palustris (Apiaceae) in Eastern Germany in relation to population size and seed productionPLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005ANKE DITTBRENNER Abstract Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) is a rare wetland community species that is currently rapidly declining because of changes in land use. In the present study, we analyzed patterns of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among nine populations of A. palustris in Germany to assess its overall genetic condition. We aimed to examine the level of genetic diversity as well as its local differentiation in relation to population size and geographic distancing between populations. Results achieved from ,ST statistics and amova indicated that most of the variability is distributed among individuals within the populations (57.7%), whereas among-population variation accounted for 30.2% of the variation. Variation between regions was 12.1%. This corresponds to the results of a multivariate analysis based on the asymmetric Soerensen similarity, which also suggested a strong population differentiation, as would be expected from a short-lived species with limited seed dispersal capacities that had never covered extensive areas in Eastern Germany. Consistently the geographic differentiation was not reflected in the RAPD profile. Significant correlations were noted between population size and the percentage of polymorphic loci (P < 0.05) and genetic diversity (P < 0.05). An analysis of seed production showed positive relationships between average seed number and levels of genetic variation. Our results support concerns regarding the loss of genetic diversity in endangered plant populations because this process might have harmful effects on reproductive fitness. [source] Evidence for massive clonal growth in the invasive weed Fallopia japonic a (Japanese Knotweed)BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2000MICHELLE L. HOLLINGSWORTH Clonal growth in introduced populations of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia juponica) in Britain was assessed using RAPDs (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA). A total of 150 British samples was analysed for genetic variation using ten arbitrary decamer primers, and compared with data from 16 samples of other introduced populations from Europe and the U.S.A. All samples produced an identical multi-primer RAPD profile. Accepting that RAPD profile identity need not equate to genet identity, based on the sensitivity of these markers for detecting genetic diversity in related taxa and on the absence of male fertile individuals of this species in Britain, we interpret this result as consistent with the presence of a single, exceptionally widespread clone. This clone must represent one of the world's largest vascular plants. [source] Evaluating wastewater-induced plant genotoxicity using randomly amplified polymorphic DNAENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2008K. M. Swaileh Abstract Wastewater often contains genotoxic substances that can resist different stages of the treatment process. In the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA technology was applied to evaluate the genotoxic effects of wastewater (treated and raw) irrigation on oat plants (Avena sativa). RAPD profiles obtained showed that both treated and raw wastewater (RWW) were having genotoxic effects on oat plants. This was apparent by the appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with the control plants. From the 15 primers used, 186 bands were obtained with an average of 12.4 bands per primer. Irrigating plants with RWW caused 51 new bands to appear and 19 to disappear. Treated wastewater (TWW) caused only 16 new bands and the loss of 17 bands. This makes TWW less genotoxic than RWW. The Euclidean distances shown on the dendrogram, revealed the presence of two clusters according to dissimilarity values. One cluster contained the control plants and those irrigated with TWW, whereas the second contained the plants irrigated with RWW. Similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with TWW had a similarity index of 0.87, the control and plants irrigated with RWW 0.73 and between the treatments 0.75. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008. [source] Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers (RAPD) as genetically associated elements to differentiate virulent and non-virulent Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolatesFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Teresa R Motta Abstract Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 35 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates was carried out to evaluate the correlation of RAPD profiles with the virulence degree or the type of the clinical manifestations of human paracoccidioidomycosis. The dendrogram presented two main groups sharing 64% genetic similarity. Group A included two isolates from patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis; group B comprised the following isolates showing 65% similarity: two non-virulent, six attenuated, five virulent, eight from patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis and two from patients with acute paracoccidioidomycosis. The virulent Pb18 isolate and six attenuated or non-virulent samples derived from it were genetically indistinguishable (100% of similarity). Thus, in our study, RAPD patterns could not discriminate among 35 P. brasiliensis isolates according to their differences either in the degree of virulence or in the type of the clinical manifestation of this fungal infection. [source] Inter- alu PCR detects high frequency of genetic alterations in glioma cells exposed to sub-lethal cisplatinINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2005Tapasya Srivastava Abstract Increased genomic instability contributes to higher frequency of secondary drug resistance and neoplastic progression in tumors as well as in cells exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. We have used PCR based DNA fingerprinting techniques of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter- alu PCR to study this phenomenon in the tumor genome. The choice of the primer, either random (for RAPD) or specific (inter- alu PCR) can determine the nature of alterations being assessed. We have compared the inter- alu PCR and RAPD profiles of U87MG glioblastoma cells exposed to sequentially increasing low doses of cisplatin for 24 passages to that of untreated controls. Inter- alu PCR, with 2 primers, demonstrated a number of alterations in the treated cells, in the form of loss / gain and changes in the intensity of bands. No changes were observed by RAPD analysis with 5 primers, however, indicating a preferential increase in the alu mediated recombination frequency in the treated cells (p = 1.866 × 10,4). The number of changes observed with respect to the corresponding leucocyte DNA in the inter- alu PCR profile of 26 primary tumors (Grade II = 13; Grade IV = 13), resected before chemotherapy, for the 2 inter- alu primers was very small. We present a novel application of the inter- alu PCR in detecting alterations in long term cultured cells at low dose exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent. Our results suggest that alu mediated recombination may be important in cells exposed to sub-lethal doses of cisplatin but not in the genesis of primary glioma. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Characterization and Differentiation of Irish Erwinia amylovora IsolatesJOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 8-9 2002J. M. Brennan Abstract Between 1986 and 1998, isolates of Erwinia amylovora were obtained from rosaceous plant species throughout Ireland. Sixty five of these isolates have been compared with 10 E. amylovora isolates from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Greece, seven other Erwinia isolates and one Pseudomonas isolate (83 isolates in total). Their identity was confirmed by the pear test and by chromosome and plasmid-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to study the genetic variability of the 65 Irish isolates. Six random primers (CUGEA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were used for random amplified RAPD analysis; the degree of amplification differed with the primers, but all produced at least 13 (CUGEA 1) and at most 27 (CUGEA 5) different RAPD profiles. Phylogenetic analysis of the RAPD profiles showed that 44 of the 65 Irish isolates showed genetic homogenicity (s,0.92), but the remaining 21 isolates were more genetically diverse than the other Irish isolates and the foreign E. amylovora isolates. There was no significant relationship between the genetic variability of the Irish E. amylovora isolates (based on RAPD analysis) and the host species, year of isolation or their geographical origin. [source] Parasexuality in Race 65 Colletotrichum lindemuthianum IsolatesTHE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010LÚCIA J. ROSADA ABSTRACT. Heterokaryosis is the initial step of the parasexual cycle, a process that provides genetic variability in filamentous fungi through the production of heterozygous diploid nuclei. To characterize the parasexual cycle in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, we evaluated the presence of heterokaryosis, vegetative compatibility reactions, and diploid formation among isolates of Race 65 collected from different Brazilian states. Vegetative compatibility groups were identified among the isolates according to their ability to form heterokaryons. Two heterozygous diploids were selected from compatible heterokaryons, which were characterized by the segregation of the parental auxotrophic markers and by RAPD profiles. [source] | |||||||||||||