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Range Test (range + test)
Kinds of Range Test Selected AbstractsEffects of Tooth Preparation Burs and Luting Cement Types on the Marginal Fit of Extracoronal RestorationsJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 2 2009Mohamed F. Ayad BDS Abstract Purpose: Although surface roughness of axial walls could contribute to precision of a cast restoration, it is unclear how the roughness of tooth preparation affects marginal fit of the restoration in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphologic features of dentin surfaces prepared by common rotary instruments of similar shapes and to determine their effects on the marginal fit for complete cast crowns. Materials and Methods: Ninety crowns were cast for standardized complete crown tooth preparations. Diamond, tungsten carbide finishing, and crosscut carbide burs of similar shape were used (N = 30). The crowns in each group were subdivided into three groups (n = 10) for use with different luting cements: zinc phosphate cement (Fleck's), glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem), and adhesive resin cement (Panavia 21). Marginal fit was measured with a light microscope in a plane parallel to the tooth surface before and after cementation between four pairs of index indentations placed at equal distances around the circumference of each specimen. Difference among groups was tested for statistical significance with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Multiple Range Test (,= 0.05). Results: Analysis of measurements disclosed a statistically significant difference for burs used to finish tooth preparations (p < 0.001); however, luting cement measurements were not significantly different (p= 0.152). Also, the interaction effect was not significantly different (p= 0.685). For zinc phosphate cement, the highest marginal discrepancy value (100 ± 106 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with carbide burs, and the lowest discrepancy value (36 ± 30 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with finishing burs. For glass ionomer cement, the highest marginal discrepancy value (61 ± 47 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with carbide burs, and the lowest discrepancy value (33 ± 40 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with finishing burs. For adhesive resin cement, the highest marginal discrepancy value (88 ± 81 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with carbide burs, and the lowest discrepancy value (19 ± 17 ,m) was for tooth preparations refined with finishing burs. Conclusions: Marginal fit of complete cast crowns is influenced by tooth preparation surface characteristics, regardless of the type of luting agent used for cementation. Tooth preparations refined with finishing burs may favor the placement of restorations with the smallest marginal discrepancies, regardless of the type of cement used. [source] Shear bond strength of luting agents to fixed prosthodontic restorative core materialsAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009N Capa Abstract Background:, Bonding properties of luting cements are important for retention of restorative core materials. The aim of this study was to compare the bonding performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a self-adhesive resin cement to various fixed prosthodontic core materials. Methods:, Cylindrical specimens with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 5 mm were fabricated from Au-Pd-Ag, Co-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Fe alloys, titanium, zirconia and Empress II (n = 20). Each group was divided into two subgroups to be luted with two different luting agents. Composite resin blocks were cemented onto specimens with RelyXUnicem and FujiCem. A shear bond strength machine with 50 kg load cell and 0.50 mm/min crosshead speed was used. Kruskal Wallis test, Dunn's Multiple Range test and Mann-Whitney-U test were used for statistical analysis. The results were evaluated in a confidence interval of p < 0.05. Results:, The highest bond strength was obtained between Ni-Cr-Fe-RelyXUnicem (8.22 ± 2.15 MPa) and the lowest was between Empress II-FujiCem (1.48 ± 0.9 MPa). In FujiCem groups, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr-Fe showed significantly higher bond strength than Au-Pd-Ag and Empress II. In RelyX Unicem groups, Ni-Cr-Fe showed higher bond strength than Empress II. Conclusions:, The types of luting agents and restorative core materials may have a significant influence on bond strength. [source] Structural patterns in coarse gravelriver beds: typology, survey and assessment of the roles of grain size and river regimeGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2002Lea Wittenberg The concept of river-bed stability as indexed by the occurrence of stable bed forms was examined in humid-temperate perennial streams and in Mediterranean ephemeral streams. The study examined the structural patterns of bed forms and their spatial distribution between temperate-humid and Mediterranean streams. Study sites in Northumberland, UK, and Mt. Carmel, Israel, were selected for their morphometric similarity, despite the contrast in climate, vegetation and hydrological regime. Fieldwork was based on a large number of Wolman grain size distributions and structure measurements along cross-sections at seven sites; Differences in mean grain size of bed structures were estimated using the general linear model (GLM) procedure and Duncan's multiple range test. Based on field evidence, river-bed configurations were divided into structural categories, according to the depositional setting of each measured particle on the river bed. Statistical analysis confirmed former qualitative descriptions of small-scale bed forms. The study identified spatial segregation in bed form distribution. In general, 30,40%of the bed material in the surveyed perennial streams was clustered, in contrast to approximately 10%in the ephemeral counterparts. The sorting index revealed higher values for the perennial streams, namely 2.39,3.59 compared with 1.73,2.07 for the ephemeral counterparts. It is suggested that the degree of sediment sorting and the proportion of clusters are strongly related. Sediment sorting, sediment supply and the hydrological regime explain the mechanism of cluster formation. It is assumed that climate shifts or human interference within river basins might affect the regional characteristic flood hydrograph, and consequently alter the sedimentary character of the river bed. In the case where river bed stability is reduced owing to changes in cluster bed form distribution, rivers that normally do not yield a significant amount of sediment might be subject to notable sedimentation problems. [source] Determination of biochemical properties of foam-mat dried mango powderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Dattatreya M. Kadam Summary Investigations were carried out to see the impact of drying air temperature (65, 75 and 85 °C) and milk as foaming agent in different concentration levels (0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) on the chemical properties of foam-mat dried mango juice powder. Chemical properties such as total sugars, ascorbic acid, total carotenes, minerals, total acid, pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and microbial load (fungal and bacterial) of foam-mat dried mango powder were determined. Data were analysed as per two-way anova, Duncan's multiple range test and l.s.d. of AgRes Software statistical package. Almost all chemical properties show decreasing trend with increase in drying air temperature. Microbial load was not detected in foam-mat dried mango powder. It was found that addition of 10% milk as foaming agent and drying at 65 °C temperature gave better results. [source] Antioxidant enzyme levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal human oral epitheliumJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 2 2002J. Yang Abstract Background:, The antioxidant enzymes (manganese- and copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutases, catalast and glutathione peroxidase) limit cell injury induced by reactive oxygen species. The purpose of the study was to determine whether human oral squamous cell carcinomas have altered antioxidant enzyme levels. This study is the first to undertake this task in human oral mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:, Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine 26 archived oral squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Fourteen well-differentiated and 12 poorly differentiated tumors were examined, as were 12 specimens of oral mucosa. All sections were reviewed by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists, and image analysis of the immunostained sections was performed using NIH Image. Antioxidant enzyme staining intensities were compared in the different groups by Duncan's multiple range test. Results:, In general, mucosal basal cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme levels than spinous cells, and primary tumor cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than did their normal cell counterparts. Moreover, poorly differentiated tumor cells showed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than well-differentiated tumor cells. Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase staining intensities were, however, higher in well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas than their normal cells of origin. Conclusions:, Detection of antioxidant enzymes may be a useful future marker in the molecular diagnosis of the oral cancer. Moreover, it may be possible to not only monitor the effectiveness of chemopreventitive and therapeutic strategies in oral cancer using these enzymes, but to monitor tumor recurrence. [source] Diffusion of reduced arecoline and arecaidine through human vaginal and buccal mucosaJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2001P. Van der Bijl Abstract: Because alkaloids from areca nut, arecoline and arecaidine, have been implicated in the development of oral submucous fibrosis, we determined their diffusion kinetics through human buccal and vaginal mucosa. Four clinically healthy vaginal mucosa specimens (mean patient age± standard deviation: 47±15 years; age range: 31,60 years) and 4 buccal mucosa specimens from 2 male patients and 2 female patients (mean patient age±standard deviation: 31±9 years; age range: 17,53 years) were obtained during surgery. In vitro flux rates of reduced arecoline and arecaidine (r-arecoline and r-arecaidine) were determined by use of a flow-through diffusion apparatus. Analysis of variance, a Duncan multiple range test, and an unpaired t -test were used to determine steady state kinetics and flux differences over time intervals. Although statistically significant differences were observed between flux values for both alkaloids and tissues at certain time points, these were not considered to be of biological (clinical) significance. However, the flux rates across both mucosa of r-arecoline were significantly higher statistically than those of r-arecaidine. The findings demonstrated the differences in the diffusion kinetics between r-arecoline and r-arecaidine across human buccal and vaginal mucosa, an observation that could be explained in terms of their ionisation characteristics. Additionally, the results obtained further support the hypothesis that human vaginal mucosa can be used as a model for buccal mucosa in studies of permeability to various chemical compounds. [source] Fluoride release and uptake characteristics of aesthetic restorative materialsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2002N. Attar Summary The aims of this study were firstly to investigate the fluoride-releasing characteristics of two composite resins (Tetric and Valux Plus), two polyacid-modified resin composites (Compoglass and Dyract), and conventional glass,ionomer cement (Ceramfil ,). The second aim was to assess the fluoride uptake and subsequent release from the same range of materials. Fifteen discs (6 mm diameter and 1·5 mm height) were prepared for each material. Each disc was immersed in 4 ML of deionized water within a plastic vial. The release of fluoride was measured daily at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 30 and 60 days. After daily fluoride release was measured for 60 days, samples were refluoridated in 1000-ppm sodium fluoride (NaF) solutions (pH 6·6) for 10 min and fluoride release was measured daily for a total of 5 days. The release of fluoride from aesthetic restorative materials was measured by using specific fluoride electrode and an ionanalyser. Results were statistically analysed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results revealed that all fluoride-containing materials (Ceramfil ,, Compoglass, Dyract, Tetric) released fluoride initially and the release was greatest at the first day. At any time during the test period Ceramfil , released the most and Valux Plus did not release any detectable fluoride (P < 0·01). Sample exposures to 1000 ppm NaF solution increased the 24-h fluoride release from all fluoride-containing materials. This difference lasted only 24,48 h after exposure. Ceramfil , had a tendency to recharge not seen with the other materials (P < 0·05). [source] Bonding strength between a hard chairside reline resin and a denture base material as influenced by surface treatmentJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 12 2001C. R. Leles Direct relining of dentures made with hard chairside reline resins is faster than laboratory-processed reline systems and the patient is not without the prosthesis for the time necessary to perform the laboratory procedures. However, a weak bond between the autopolymerizing acrylic reline resins and the denture base material has been observed. This study evaluated the effect of six different surface treatments on the bond strength between a hard chairside reline acrylic resin and a heat-cured acrylic resin. Specimens of the heat-cured acrylic resin were divided into seven groups. One of these groups remained intact. In the other groups, a 10-mm square section was removed from the centre of each specimen. The bonding surfaces were then treated with (i) methyl methacrylate monomer, (ii) isobutyl methacrylate monomer, (iii) chloroform, (iv) acetone, (v) experimental adhesive and (vi) no surface treatment , control group. Kooliner acrylic resin was packed into the square sections and polymerized. The bonding strength was evaluated by a three-point loading test. The results were submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey multiple range test at a 5% level of significance. No significant difference was found between the surface treatment with Lucitone 550 monomer or chloroform, but both were stronger than the majority of the other groups. The bond strength provided by all the surface treatments was lower than that of the intact heat-cured resin. [source] Tooth Preparation: A Study on the Effect of Different Variables and a Comparison Between Conventional and Channeled Diamond BursJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 1 2004Daniel F. Galindo DDS Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different variables involved in tooth cutting to characterize intrapulpal temperature generation, cutting efficiency, and bur durability when using conventional and channeled diamond burs. Materials and Methods: Forty premolars and 60 molars were selected for the study. Four diamond burs were paired according to grit size: 125- ,m grit: Brasseler Coarse (Control 1) and TDA System (Test 1) burs; and 180- ,m grit: Brasseler CRF (Control 2) and NTI Turbo Diamond (Test 2) burs. Each bur was used twice when cutting the premolar teeth, whereas it was used for 60 cuts when cutting the molar teeth. The data were analyzed to compare the correlation of bur design, grit and wear, amount of pressure, advancement rate, revolutions per minute, cutting time and rate, and proximity to the pulp chamber with intrapulpal temperature generation, cutting efficiency, and bur longevity. The mean values of test and control burs in each group were compared using an ANOVA (p < 0.05 for significant differences) for temperature generation and an ANOVA and the Tukey multiple range test (p, 0.05) for cutting efficiency and bur longevity. Results: No significant difference was found in intrapulpal temperature generation while cutting premolar and molar teeth with conventional and channeled diamond burs. In both groups, the mean temperature recorded during and after the cutting procedure was lower than the baseline temperature. For premolar teeth, no significant difference was established for control and test burs for the load required to cut into the tooth and the cutting rate. However, both test burs showed significantly fewer revolutions per minute when compared to their control counterparts. For the molar teeth, the Brasseler CRF bur required a significantly lower cutting load when compared to the NTI bur, whereas no difference was noted between the other pair of burs. The cutting rate was significantly higher for both control burs, whereas revolutions per minute (rpm) were greater for control coarser burs only. Overall, channeled burs showed a significantly lower cutting efficiency when compared to conventionally designed burs. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, channeled burs showed no significant advantage over conventional diamond burs when evaluating temperature generation and bur durability. Moreover, the cutting efficiency of conventional burs was greater than that of channeled burs. [source] A compliant tip reduces the peak pressure of laparoscopic graspersANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 7 2002Damian D. Marucci Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that high pressures are generated at the tips of laparoscopic graspers, which can cause tissue injury. This study examines the effect of a compliant edge on tip pressure. Methods: One of a pair of identical laparoscopic graspers was modified by refashioning the tip out of silicone. A thin film pressure transducer (I-scan 6900 sensor) was deployed between the jaws of the grasper and a simulated tissue (leather strap). Load and handle pressures were kept constant. Peak tip pressure readings were taken as the load orientation was increased from the perpendicular to 135° (n = 10). The data was analysed using anova and a post-hoc Duncan's multiple range test. Results: Peak tip pressures generated by the compliant tipped grasper were significantly less than those developed by the unmodified grasper, particularly at high-load orientations. Conclusion: High pressures generated at the tip of laparoscopic graspers can be reduced by altering the mechanical properties (compliance) of the tip. [source] Effect of weak, interrupted sinusoidal low frequency magnetic field on neural regeneration in rats: Functional evaluationBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 5 2005Marijan Bervar Abstract A study of the effect of weak, interrupted sinusoidal low frequency magnetic field (ISMF) stimulation on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve was carried out. In the experiment, 60 Wistar rats were used: 24 rats underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection injury and immediate surgical nerve repair, 24 rats underwent unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury, and the remaining 12 rats underwent a sham surgery. Half of the animals (n,=,12) with either sciatic nerve lesion were randomly chosen and exposed between a pair of Helmholtz coils for 3 weeks post-injury, 4 h/day, to an interrupted (active period to pause ratio,=,1.4 s/0.8 s) sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field of 0.5 mT. The other half of the animals (n,=,12) and six rats with sham surgery were used for two separate controls. Functional recovery was followed for 6 weeks for the crush injuries and 7˝ months for the transection injuries by video assisted footprint analysis in static conditions and quantified using a recently revised static sciatic index (SSI) formula. We ascertained that the magnetic field influence was weak, but certainly detectable in both injury models. The accuracy of ISMF influence detection, determined by the one-way repeated measures ANOVA test, was better for the crush injury model: F(1, 198),=,9.0144, P,=,.003, than for the transection injury model: F(1, 198),=,6.4826, P,=,.012. The Student,Newman,Keuls range test for each response day yielded significant differences (P,<,.05) between the exposed and control groups early in the beginning of functional recovery and later on from the points adjacent to the beginning of the plateau, or 95% of functional recovery, and the end of observation. These differences probably reflect the ISMF systemic effect on the neuron cell bodies and increased and more efficient reinnervation of the periphery. Bioelectromagnetics 26:351,356, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Range Unit-Root (RUR) Tests: Robust against Nonlinearities, Error Distributions, Structural Breaks and OutliersJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2006Felipe Aparicio Abstract., Since the seminal paper by Dickey and Fuller in 1979, unit-root tests have conditioned the standard approaches to analysing time series with strong serial dependence in mean behaviour, the focus being placed on the detection of eventual unit roots in an autoregressive model fitted to the series. In this paper, we propose a completely different method to test for the type of long-wave patterns observed not only in unit-root time series but also in series following more complex data-generating mechanisms. To this end, our testing device analyses the unit-root persistence exhibited by the data while imposing very few constraints on the generating mechanism. We call our device the range unit-root (RUR) test since it is constructed from the running ranges of the series from which we derive its limit distribution. These nonparametric statistics endow the test with a number of desirable properties, the invariance to monotonic transformations of the series and the robustness to the presence of important parameter shifts. Moreover, the RUR test outperforms the power of standard unit-root tests on near-unit-root stationary time series; it is invariant with respect to the innovations distribution and asymptotically immune to noise. An extension of the RUR test, called the forward,backward range unit-root (FB-RUR) improves the check in the presence of additive outliers. Finally, we illustrate the performances of both range tests and their discrepancies with the Dickey,Fuller unit-root test on exchange rate series. [source] Bacterial leaf blight of strawberry (Fragaria (x) ananassa) caused by a pathovar of Xanthomonas arboricola, not similar to Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy & King.PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Description of the causal organism as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae (pv. nov., comb. nov.) A new bacterial disease of strawberry is described. This disease, called bacterial leaf blight of strawberry, is characterized by dry, brown necrotic leaf spots and large brown V-shaped lesions along the leaf margin, midrib and major veins. Symptoms are different from angular leaf spot of strawberry caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae. Strains of the bacterial leaf blight pathogen were characterized in a polyphasic approach by biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis, protein electrophoresis, serology, PCR, pigment analysis, ice-nucleation activity, AFLP analysis, DNA:DNA hybridization, pathogenicity and host range tests, and compared with a number of reference strains of X. fragariae and other Xanthomonas species. Bacterial leaf blight strains formed a homogeneous group in all tests, completely different from X. fragariae. They were the only strains causing leaf blight of strawberry upon artificial inoculation into strawberry. Fatty acid and protein electrophoretic analysis showed that the strains belong to the phenon X. campestris (sensu latu, including pathovars now classified as belonging to X. arboricola). AFLP analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization further clarified their taxonomic position as belonging to X. arboricola. The name X. arboricola pv. fragariae is proposed for the bacterium causing leaf blight of strawberry with strain PD2780 (LMG 19145) as pathovar type strain. Criteria for routine identification are given and the taxonomic status is discussed. [source] | |||||||||||||