Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Racial Segregation (racial + segregation)
Selected AbstractsInfluence of Race on Household Residential UtilityGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2000M William Sermons Residential location choice models are an important tool employed by urban geographers, planners, and transportation engineers for understanding household residential location behavior and for predicting future residential location activity. Racial segregation and residential racial preferences have been studied extensively using a variety of analysis techniques in social science research, but racial preferences have generally not been adequately incorporated into residential location choice models. This research develops residential location choice model specifications with a variety of alternative methods of addressing racial preferences in residential location decisions. The research tests whether social class, family structure, and in-group racial preferences are sufficient to explain household sensitivity to neighborhood racial composition. The importance of the interaction between the proportion of in-group race neighbors and other-race neighbors is also evaluated. Models for the San Francisco Bay metropolitan area are estimated and evidence of significant avoidance behavior by households of all races is found. The results suggest that social class differences, family structure differences, and in-group racial preferences alone are not sufficient to explain household residential racial preference and that households of all races practice racial avoidance behavior. Particularly pronounced avoidance of black neighbors by Asian households, Hispanic neighbors by black households, and Asian neighbors by white households are found. Evidence of a decrease in household racial avoidance intensity in neighborhoods with large numbers of own-race neighbors is also found. [source] SOCIAL ECOLOGY AND RECIDIVISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRISONER REENTRY,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 2 2008DANIEL P. MEARS Despite the marked increase in incarceration over the past 30 years and the fact that roughly two thirds of released offenders are rearrested within 3 years of release, we know little about how the social ecology of the areas to which offenders return may influence their recidivism or whether it disproportionately affects some groups more than others. Drawing on recent scholarship on prisoner reentry and macrolevel predictors of crime, this study examines a large sample of prisoners released to Florida communities to investigate how two dimensions of social ecology,resource deprivation and racial segregation,may independently, and in interaction with specific populations, influence recidivism. The findings suggest that ecology indeed is consequential for recidivism, and it differentially influences some groups more than others. We discuss these findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy. [source] RACIALIZED TOPOGRAPHIES: ALTITUDE AND RACE IN SOUTHERN CITIES,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006JEFF UELAND ABSTRACT. This study examines altitudinal residential segregation by race in 146 cities in the U.S. South. It begins by embedding the topic in recent theorizations of the social construction of nature, the geography of race, and environmental justice. Second, it focuses on how housing markets, particularly in the South, tend to segregate minorities in low-lying, flood-prone, and amenity-poor segments of urban areas. It tests empirically the hypothesis that blacks are disproportionately concentrated in lower-altitude areas using gis to correlate race and elevation by digital elevation-model block group within each city in 1990 and 2000. The statistical results confirm the suspected trend. A map of coefficients indicates strong positive associations in cities in the interior South-where the hypothesis is confirmed-and an inverse relationship near the coast, where whites dominate higher-valued coastal properties. Selected city case studies demonstrate these relationships connecting the broad dynamics of racial segregation to the particularities of individual places. [source] School choice, racial segregation, and test-score gaps: Evidence from North Carolina's charter school program*JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2007Robert Bifulco Using panel data that track individual students from year to year, we examine the effects of charter schools in North Carolina on racial segregation and black-white test score gaps. We find that North Carolina's system of charter schools has increased the racial isolation of both black and white students, and has widened the achievement gap. Moreover, the relatively large negative effects of charter schools on the achievement of black students is driven by students who transfer into charter schools that are more racially isolated than the schools they have left. Our analysis of charter school choices suggests that asymmetric preferences of black and white charter school students (and their families) for schools of different racial compositions help to explain why there are so few racially balanced charter schools. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. [source] Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: Insurance Redlining and the Uneven Development of Metropolitan AreasJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2003Gregory D. Squires This article examines the role of racial profiling in the property insurance industry and how such practices, grounded in negative racial stereotyping, have contributed to racial segregation and uneven metropolitan development. From a review of industry underwriting and marketing materials, court documents, and research by government agencies, industry and community groups, and academics, it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the policies and practices of this industry. Due to limitations in publicly available data, it is difficult to assess precisely the extent to which race shapes industry practices. Research and public policy initiatives are explored that can ameliorate the data problems, increase access to insurance, and foster more equitable community development. [source] A Merger of Movements: Peace and Civil Rights Activism in Postwar MiamiPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 2 2010Raymond A. Mohl This article suggests the importance of studying local peace movements in postwar America, as civil rights historians have been doing for two decades. The article also argues that peace and civil rights often reflected the same progressive impulse for social justice,thus the importance of exploring the relationships and interconnections between the two movements. This case study of peace and civil rights in postwar Miami documents the role of politically progressive Jews, especially Jewish women, in forging a social justice movement focused on peace, civil liberties, and civil rights. Mostly newcomers from northern cities, a small group of activist Jews played a major organizational role in local branches of such civil rights and peace groups as the Civil Rights Congress, the Congress of Racial Equality, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, and Women Strike for Peace. For those who chose the activist path, peace and civil rights became inseparable components of a local social justice crusade challenging racial segregation and national Cold War policies. [source] Nonprofits as Local Government Service ContractorsPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 4 2009Richard C. Feiock Despite the growing role that contracts with nonprofits play in local service delivery, only limited attention has been directed to why some cities rely more on nonprofit organizations to produce services or how political institutions influence the role nonprofits play in service delivery. To investigate these issues, the authors present a transaction cost explanation that focuses on how political system characteristics and structures of service markets shape the costs of negotiating, monitoring, and enforcing contracts for local governments. The findings indicate that forms of government, mayoral turnover, racial segregation, and the market of nonprofit producers influence the role of nonprofits in delivering elder services, but decisions to contract exclusively with nonprofits are subject to different influences than decisions to jointly produce service with a nonprofit organization. [source] The Nightly Round: Space, Social Capital, and Urban Black NightlifeCITY & COMMUNITY, Issue 2 2010Marcus Anthony Hunter Using data generated from participant observation and semistructured interviews, I consider the ways in which nightlife, or what might be imagined as the nightly round,a process encompassing the social interactions, behaviors, and actions involved in going to, being in, and leaving the club,is used to mitigate the effects of social and spatial isolation, complementing the accomplishment of the daily round. Through an analysis of the social world of The Spot, I argue that understanding the ways in which urban blacks use space in the nightclub to mediate racial segregation, sexual segregation, and limited social capital expands our current understanding of the spatial mobility of urban blacks as well as the important role of extra-neighborhood spaces in such processes. Further, I highlight the ways that urban blacks use space in the nightclub to leverage socioeconomic opportunities and enhance social networks. While I found that black heterosexual and lesbian and gay patrons used space in similar ways at The Spot, black lesbians and gays were more likely to use the club as a space to develop ties of social support. El recorrido de todas las noches: espacio, capital social y la vida nocturna de las personas de raza negra residentes en las ciudades (Marcus Anthony Hunter) Resumen Usando datos generados a partir de la observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas, analizo las formas en que la vida nocturna o lo que podemos imaginar como el recorrido nocturno -un proceso que abarca las interacciones sociales, conductas y acciones incluidas en el ir hacia, estar en y salir de los clubes de baile- es utilizado para mitigar los efectos del aislamiento social y espacial, complementando así el logro de las actividades realizadas durante el día. A través del análisis del mundo social del club "The Spot", sostengo que estudiar las formas en que las personas de raza negra residentes en las ciudades utilizan el espacio en los clubes nocturnos para mediar la segregación racial y sexual y su limitado capital social, contribuye a expandir nuestra comprensión de la movilidad espacial de las personas de raza negra residentes en las ciudades al igual que el importante rol de los espacios extra-barriales en estos procesos. Además, enfatizo las maneras en que este conglomerado utiliza el espacio en los clubes nocturnos para mejorar sus oportunidades socio-económicas y ampliar sus redes sociales. Mis resultados indican que aunque las y los clientes heterosexuales, lesbianas y gays de raza negra de "The Spot" utilizaban el espacio de manera similar, las lesbianas y gays de raza negra eran más propensos a utilizar el club como un espacio para desarrollar redes de apoyo social. [source] | |||||||||||||