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Racial Profiling (racial + profiling)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences60%
Law and Criminology30%

Selected Abstracts

INVESTIGATING RACIAL PROFILING BY THE MIAMI-DADE POLICE DEPARTMENT: A MULTIMETHOD APPROACH

CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2007
GEOFFREY P. ALPERT
Research Summary The perception and existence of biased policing or racial profiling is one of the most difficult issues facing contemporary American society. Citizens from minority communities have focused their concerns on the improper use of race by law enforcement officers. The current research uses a complex methodological approach to investigate claims that the Miami-Dade, Florida Police Department uses race improperly for the purposes of making traffic stops and conducting post-stop activities. The results are mixed in that the officer's aggregate actions do not show a pattern of discriminatory actions toward minority citizens when making a traffic stop, but results of post-stop activities do show some disparate treatment of minorities. Policy Implications Five specific policy recommendations are made to reduce the perception or reality of racial profiling by the police. First, police departments must have clear policies and directives explaining the proper use of race in decision making. Second, officers must be trained and educated in the overall impact of using race as a factor in deciding how to respond to a citizen. Third, the department must maintain a data-collection and analytic system to monitor the activities of their officers as it pertains to the race of the citizen. The fourth police recommendation involves the use of record checks in the field that can set in motion a process that results in the detention and arrest of citizens. Fifth, the completion of a record of interrogation for later intelligence has implications for the citizen. The use of this intelligence tool must depend on suspicion rather than on the race of the citizen. [source]

Insights Into U.S. Racial Hierarchy: Racial Profiling, News Sources, and September 11

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2003
David Domke
The events of September 11, 2001, seem likely to have reverberating implications for U.S. race relations, in particular the relative hierarchy of differing racial and ethnic groups. With this in mind, in this study the researchers focused on the manner in which "racial profiling" was talked about,by government and societal leaders, nongovernment opinion leaders, and average citizens,in several leading U.S. news outlets for the 5 months prior to September 11 and for the 5 months afterward. The findings indicate that (a) citizens increased markedly as sources in news coverage after September 11; (b) Arab Americans spoke from more favorable positions of status than African Americans; and (c) racial minorities may face a situation in which they de facto "compete" with other minorities for space in news coverage. The authors discuss implications for the role of news media in race relations. [source]

Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: Insurance Redlining and the Uneven Development of Metropolitan Areas

JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2003
Gregory D. Squires
This article examines the role of racial profiling in the property insurance industry and how such practices, grounded in negative racial stereotyping, have contributed to racial segregation and uneven metropolitan development. From a review of industry underwriting and marketing materials, court documents, and research by government agencies, industry and community groups, and academics, it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the policies and practices of this industry. Due to limitations in publicly available data, it is difficult to assess precisely the extent to which race shapes industry practices. Research and public policy initiatives are explored that can ameliorate the data problems, increase access to insurance, and foster more equitable community development. [source]

Rejoinder to Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: A Spirited Defense of the Insurance Industry

JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2003
Todd C. Pittman
First page of article [source]

Why Racial Profiling Is Hard to Justify: A Response to Risse and Zeckhauser

PHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2005
ANNABELLE LEVER
First page of article [source]

INVESTIGATING RACIAL PROFILING BY THE MIAMI-DADE POLICE DEPARTMENT: A MULTIMETHOD APPROACH

CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2007
GEOFFREY P. ALPERT
Research Summary The perception and existence of biased policing or racial profiling is one of the most difficult issues facing contemporary American society. Citizens from minority communities have focused their concerns on the improper use of race by law enforcement officers. The current research uses a complex methodological approach to investigate claims that the Miami-Dade, Florida Police Department uses race improperly for the purposes of making traffic stops and conducting post-stop activities. The results are mixed in that the officer's aggregate actions do not show a pattern of discriminatory actions toward minority citizens when making a traffic stop, but results of post-stop activities do show some disparate treatment of minorities. Policy Implications Five specific policy recommendations are made to reduce the perception or reality of racial profiling by the police. First, police departments must have clear policies and directives explaining the proper use of race in decision making. Second, officers must be trained and educated in the overall impact of using race as a factor in deciding how to respond to a citizen. Third, the department must maintain a data-collection and analytic system to monitor the activities of their officers as it pertains to the race of the citizen. The fourth police recommendation involves the use of record checks in the field that can set in motion a process that results in the detention and arrest of citizens. Fifth, the completion of a record of interrogation for later intelligence has implications for the citizen. The use of this intelligence tool must depend on suspicion rather than on the race of the citizen. [source]

Insights Into U.S. Racial Hierarchy: Racial Profiling, News Sources, and September 11

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2003
David Domke
The events of September 11, 2001, seem likely to have reverberating implications for U.S. race relations, in particular the relative hierarchy of differing racial and ethnic groups. With this in mind, in this study the researchers focused on the manner in which "racial profiling" was talked about,by government and societal leaders, nongovernment opinion leaders, and average citizens,in several leading U.S. news outlets for the 5 months prior to September 11 and for the 5 months afterward. The findings indicate that (a) citizens increased markedly as sources in news coverage after September 11; (b) Arab Americans spoke from more favorable positions of status than African Americans; and (c) racial minorities may face a situation in which they de facto "compete" with other minorities for space in news coverage. The authors discuss implications for the role of news media in race relations. [source]

Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: Insurance Redlining and the Uneven Development of Metropolitan Areas

JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2003
Gregory D. Squires
This article examines the role of racial profiling in the property insurance industry and how such practices, grounded in negative racial stereotyping, have contributed to racial segregation and uneven metropolitan development. From a review of industry underwriting and marketing materials, court documents, and research by government agencies, industry and community groups, and academics, it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the policies and practices of this industry. Due to limitations in publicly available data, it is difficult to assess precisely the extent to which race shapes industry practices. Research and public policy initiatives are explored that can ameliorate the data problems, increase access to insurance, and foster more equitable community development. [source]

A Reader's Companion to Against Prediction: A Reply to Ariela Gross, Yoram Margalioth, and Yoav Sapir on Economic Modeling, Selective Incapacitation, Governmentality, and Race

LAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 1 2008
Bernard E. Harcourt
From parole prediction instruments and violent sexual predator scores to racial profiling on the highways, instruments to predict future dangerousness, drug-courier profiles, and IRS computer algorithms to detect tax evaders, the rise of actuarial methods in the field of crime and punishment presents a number of challenging issues at the intersection of economic theory, sociology, history, race studies, criminology, social theory, and law. The three review articles of Against Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age by Ariela Gross, Yoram Margalioth, and Yoav Sapir, raise these challenges in their very best light. Ranging from the heights of poststructuralist and critical race theory to the intricate details of mathematical economics and criminological analysis, the articles apply different disciplinary lenses to the analysis of the actuarial turn offered in Against Prediction and set forth both substantive and structural challenges to the book. By means of a detailed reply to the three reviews, this article provides a reader's companion to Against Prediction. [source]

Profiling a problem in Canadian police leadership: the Kingston Police data collection project

CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 2 2006
William J. Closs
This article traces the "precipitating events" that led to this project, the definitions relevant to racially-biased policing, racial profiling, and bias-free policing, as well as providing some background on current research and practice in these areas in Great Britain and the United States. There is a consideration of the context within the Kingston Police data collection project operated, including previous commissions of inquiry in Ontario that made recommendations in support of such practices, and recent testimony before the Senate Special Committee on the Antiterrorism Act which involved an examination of matters pertaining to racial profiling. The article challenges Canadian police leaders to consider the value of replicating the Kingston Police data collection and offers some insights derived from being the first police service in Canada to undertake such an initiative. Sommaire: À la suite d'une série d,événements qui ont souligné le besoin d'agir de la part de la police de Kingston pour répondre aux perceptions de préjugés fondés sur une politique d'inégalité raciale, un projet de collecte de données a été inauguré avec l'assistance d'un criminologiste du Centre de criminologie de l'Université de Toronto pour évaluer avec précision l'origine raciale ou ethnique de toutes les personnes arrêtées par les agents de la police de Kingston dans des situations "non occasionnelles". Cet article retrace les événements qui ont "précipité ce projet, les définitions pertinentes aux préjugés racistes dans les forces de police, le profilage racial, les services de police impartiaux, et il fournit aussi des informations de base sur la recherche et la pratique actuelles dans ces domaines en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis. L'article étudie également le contexte dans lequel le projet de collecte de données de la police de Kingston a fonctionné, y compris les commissions d'enquête menées précédemment en Ontario présentant des recommandations en faveur de telles pratiques, et les témoignages déposés récemment devant le Comité spécial du Sénat sur la Loi contre le terrorisme qui ont comporté un examen des questions pertinentes au profilage racial. L'article met les leaders de la police canadienne au défi d'examiner si cela vaut la peine de reproduire la collecte de données de la police de Kingston et présente aussi des réflexions sur cette initiative qui fut une première dans les services de police au Canada. [source]